Hydrothermal Vents May Add Ancient Carbon to Ocean Waters

A new species of the genus Munida Leach, 1820, is described and illustrated based on a single specimen from the deep-sea hydrothermal vent on the Eastern Pacific Rise. Munida alba sp. nov. closely resembles M. ampliantennulata Komai, 2011, M. watatsumin Komai, 2014. and M. magniantennulata, but differences in the morphologies of the third maxilliped, pollex of the cheliped and the third segment of the antennal peduncle readily distinguish the new species from the three relatives. The new species is the fourth of the genus occurring at the hydrothermal vent areas.

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Genetic diversity and demographic instability in Riftia pachyptilatubeworms from eastern Pacific hydrothermal vents

BMC Evolutionary Biology ◽

10.1186/1471-2148-11-96 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

D Katharine Coykendall ◽

Shannon B Johnson ◽

Stephen A Karl ◽

Richard A Lutz ◽

Robert C Vrijenhoek

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Hydrothermal Vents ◽

Eastern Pacific

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Oncaea praeclara n. sp. (Copepoda: Poecilostomatoida) from deep-sea hydrothermal vents in the eastern Pacific

Journal of Plankton Research ◽

10.1093/plankt/10.3.475 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 475-485 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Arthur G. Humes

Keyword(s):

Deep Sea ◽

Hydrothermal Vents ◽

Eastern Pacific

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Dispersal barriers and isolation among deep-sea mussel populations (Mytilidae: Bathymodiolus) from eastern Pacific hydrothermal vents

Molecular Ecology ◽

10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.01726.x ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 169-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 106

Author(s):

Y. Won ◽

C. R. Young ◽

R. A. Lutz ◽

R. C. Vrijenhoek

Keyword(s):

Deep Sea ◽

Hydrothermal Vents ◽

Eastern Pacific ◽

Dispersal Barriers

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A New Genus of Ophiuroid (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from Hydrothermal Mounds Along The Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315400038303 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 75 (4) ◽

pp. 977-986 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

P.A. Tyler ◽

G.J.L. Paterson ◽

M. Sibuet ◽

A. f-Guille ◽

B.J. Murton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrothermal Vents ◽

New Genus ◽

Eastern Pacific ◽

Sea Bed ◽

Recent Estimate ◽

Macrofaunal Species ◽

Mid Atlantic Ridge ◽

Visual Observations

Since the first visual observations of hydrothermal vents in the Eastern Pacific in 1976 (Lonsdale, 1977) these areas of the sea bed have been characterized by their spectacular, and in most cases, novel fauna. Of the 236 macrofaunal species described from hydro-thermal vents, 223 were new to science according to the most recent estimate (Tunniclif f e, 1991), although there are many species still awaiting description. The vent areas are characterized not only by the organisms present but by those which are apparently absent. Absentees include sponges, brachiopods, bryozoans, echiurans and echinoderms, although the last phylum is represented by occasional sightings of echinoids, ophiuroids and holothurians (Grassle, 1986; Tunnicliffe, 1991; Segonzac, 1992).

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High potential for temperate viruses to drive carbon cycling in chemoautotrophy-dominated shallow-water hydrothermal vents

Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1111/1462-2920.13890 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (11) ◽

pp. 4432-4446 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Eugenio Rastelli ◽

Cinzia Corinaldesi ◽

Antonio Dell'Anno ◽

Michael Tangherlini ◽

Eleonora Martorelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shallow Water ◽

Carbon Cycling ◽

Hydrothermal Vents ◽

High Potential

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Dolphinfish Movements in the Eastern Pacific Ocean of Mexico Using Conventional and Electronic Tags

10.21203/rs.2.21303/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Christopher R. Perle ◽

Stephanie Snyder ◽

Wessley Merten ◽

Melinda Simmons ◽

Justina Dacey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pacific Ocean ◽

Size Structure ◽

Fork Length ◽

Eastern Pacific ◽

Predatory Fish ◽

Eastern Pacific Ocean ◽

Long Distance ◽

Early Maturation ◽

Isothermal Layer ◽

Electronic Tags

Abstract Background Dolphinfish, Coryphaena hippurus , are fast-swimming, predatory fish that exhibit fast growth and early maturation. It is an important and potentially renewable recreational and commercial resource throughout their global subtropical to tropical range. While understanding habitat utilization and migratory behavior in these wide-ranging fish is critical to proper regional and international fisheries management, studies have historically relied heavily upon fisheries reported data. This study uses tagging data to explore the vertical and horizontal movements of dolphinfish, focusing on two regions in the Eastern Pacific Ocean (EPO) - west coast of Baja California Peninsula (WBC) and Oaxaca (OAX) coasts of Mexico. Results Adult dolphinfish (fork length 66 cm - 129 cm) were tagged with conventional (n = 132 tags) and electronic tags (n = 30 tags, miniPAT) between 2010 and 2014. Total recapture rate was 3.7%, and greater for males (5.1%) than females (2.4%). Twenty of 30 deployed electronic tags reported, but all did so before the programmed release date, with days at liberty ranging from 3 to 74 (mean = 42 d). Fish remained within their tagging region with the exception of one fish tagged in WBC which exhibited a large southerly displacement, and one fish tagged in OAX which was recovered to the north. Latitudinal (N-S) and longitudinal (E-W) extents of fish movements increased with days at liberty. In general, fish remained near the surface with short excursions below the isothermal layer but larger OAX fish inhabiting warm waters (sea surface temperatures (SST) > ~26 °C) spent more time below the isothermal layer than smaller fish inhabiting colder waters in WBC (SST > ~22 °C). Conclusions This study examines the dynamics of the vertical and horizontal movements of dolphinfish. These movements evoke questions about the size-structure of the dolphinfish’s realized thermal niche, its population stock structure, and its spatiotemporal connectivity patterns in the multinational EPO. Longer tag deployments could show larger displacements and observed differences in orientation of seasonal displacement patterns suggest such long-distance movements would provide opportunities for reproductive mixing through trans-national migrations.

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Microbial community of recently discovered Auka vent field sheds light on vent biogeography and evolutionary history of thermophily

10.1101/2021.08.02.454472 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Daan R Speth ◽

Feiqiao B Yu ◽

Stephanie A Connon ◽

Sujung Lim ◽

John S Magyar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

16S Rrna ◽

Hydrothermal Vent ◽

Gulf Of California ◽

Hydrothermal Vents ◽

Large Scale ◽

Optimal Growth ◽

Metabolic Reconstruction ◽

Long Distance ◽

The Pacific

Hydrothermal vents have been key to our understanding of the limits of life, and the metabolic and phylogenetic diversity of thermophilic organisms. Here we used environmental metagenomics combined with analysis of physico-chemical data and 16S rRNA amplicons to characterize the diversity, temperature optima, and biogeographic distribution of sediment-hosted microorganisms at the recently discovered Auka vents in the Gulf of California, the deepest known hydrothermal vent field in the Pacific Ocean. We recovered 325 metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) representing 54 phyla, over 1/3 of the currently known phylum diversity, showing the microbial community in Auka hydrothermal sediments is highly diverse. Large scale 16S rRNA amplicon screening of 227 sediment samples across the vent field indicates that the MAGs are largely representative of the microbial community. Metabolic reconstruction of a vent-specific, deeply branching clade within the Desulfobacterota (Tharpobacteria) suggests these organisms metabolize sulfur using novel octaheme cytochrome-c proteins related to hydroxylamine oxidoreductase. Community-wide comparison of the average nucleotide identity of the Auka MAGs with MAGs from the Guaymas Basin vent field, found 400 km to the Northwest, revealed a remarkable 20% species-level overlap between vent sites, suggestive of long-distance species transfer and sediment colonization. An adapted version of a recently developed model for predicting optimal growth temperature to the Auka and Guaymas MAGs indicates several of these uncultured microorganisms could grow at temperatures exceeding the currently known upper limit of life. Extending this analysis to reference data shows that thermophily is a trait that has evolved frequently among Bacteria and Archaea. Combined, our results show that Auka vent field offers new perspectives on our understanding of hydrothermal vent microbiology.

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Genomic Evidence for Formate Metabolism by Chloroflexi as the Key to Unlocking Deep Carbon in Lost City Microbial Ecosystems

10.1101/831230 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Julia M. McGonigle ◽

Susan Q. Lang ◽

William J. Brazelton

Keyword(s):

Carbon Cycling ◽

Hydrothermal Vents ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Single Species ◽

Hydrogen Gas ◽

Ambient Seawater ◽

Lost City ◽

Microbial Life ◽

Microbial Ecosystems ◽

Lost City Hydrothermal Field

ABSTRACTThe Lost City hydrothermal field on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge supports dense microbial life on the lofty calcium carbonate chimney structures. The vent field is fueled by chemical reactions between the ultramafic rock under the chimneys and ambient seawater. These serpentinization reactions provide reducing power (as hydrogen gas) and organic compounds that can serve as microbial food; the most abundant of these are methane and formate. Previous studies have characterized the interior of the chimneys as a single-species biofilm inhabited by the Lost City Methanosarcinales, but also indicated that this methanogen is unable to metabolize formate. The new metagenomic results presented here indicate that carbon cycling in these Lost City chimney biofilms could depend on the metabolism of formate by low-abundance Chloroflexi species. Additionally, we present evidence that metabolically diverse, formate-utilizing Sulfurovum species are living in the transition zone between the interior and exterior of the chimneys.IMPORTANCEPrimitive forms of life may have originated around hydrothermal vents at the bottom of the ancient ocean. The Lost City hydrothermal vent field, fueled by just rock and water, provides an analog for not only primitive ecosystems but also extraterrestrial ecosystems that might support life. The microscopic life covering towering chimney structures at the Lost City has been well characterized, yet little is known about the carbon cycling in this ecosystem. These results provide a better understanding of how carbon from the deep subsurface can fuel rich microbial ecosystems on the seafloor.

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