scholarly journals Microbial community of recently discovered Auka vent field sheds light on vent biogeography and evolutionary history of thermophily

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daan R Speth ◽  
Feiqiao B Yu ◽  
Stephanie A Connon ◽  
Sujung Lim ◽  
John S Magyar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Metabolic Reconstruction ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Pacific

Hydrothermal vents have been key to our understanding of the limits of life, and the metabolic and phylogenetic diversity of thermophilic organisms. Here we used environmental metagenomics combined with analysis of physico-chemical data and 16S rRNA amplicons to characterize the diversity, temperature optima, and biogeographic distribution of sediment-hosted microorganisms at the recently discovered Auka vents in the Gulf of California, the deepest known hydrothermal vent field in the Pacific Ocean. We recovered 325 metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) representing 54 phyla, over 1/3 of the currently known phylum diversity, showing the microbial community in Auka hydrothermal sediments is highly diverse. Large scale 16S rRNA amplicon screening of 227 sediment samples across the vent field indicates that the MAGs are largely representative of the microbial community. Metabolic reconstruction of a vent-specific, deeply branching clade within the Desulfobacterota (Tharpobacteria) suggests these organisms metabolize sulfur using novel octaheme cytochrome-c proteins related to hydroxylamine oxidoreductase. Community-wide comparison of the average nucleotide identity of the Auka MAGs with MAGs from the Guaymas Basin vent field, found 400 km to the Northwest, revealed a remarkable 20% species-level overlap between vent sites, suggestive of long-distance species transfer and sediment colonization. An adapted version of a recently developed model for predicting optimal growth temperature to the Auka and Guaymas MAGs indicates several of these uncultured microorganisms could grow at temperatures exceeding the currently known upper limit of life. Extending this analysis to reference data shows that thermophily is a trait that has evolved frequently among Bacteria and Archaea. Combined, our results show that Auka vent field offers new perspectives on our understanding of hydrothermal vent microbiology.

scholarly journals Growth and Phylogenetic Properties of Novel Bacteria Belonging to the Epsilon Subdivision of the Proteobacteria Enriched fromAlvinella pompejana and Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 4566-4572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Campbell ◽  
Christian Jeanthon ◽  
Joel E. Kostka ◽  
George W. Luther ◽  
S. Craig Cary
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Moderately Thermophilic ◽  
Novel Bacteria

ABSTRACT Recent molecular characterizations of microbial communities from deep-sea hydrothermal sites indicate the predominance of bacteria belonging to the epsilon subdivision of Proteobacteria(epsilon Proteobacteria). Here, we report the first enrichments and characterizations of four epsilonProteobacteria that are directly associated withAlvinella pompejana, a deep sea hydrothermal vent polychete, or with hydrothermal vent chimney samples. These novel bacteria were moderately thermophilic sulfur-reducing heterotrophs growing on formate as the energy and carbon source. In addition, two of them (Am-H and Ex-18.2) could grow on sulfur lithoautrotrophically using hydrogen as the electron donor. Optimal growth temperatures of the bacteria ranged from 41 to 45°C. Phylogenetic analysis of the small-subunit ribosomal gene of the two heterotrophic bacteria demonstrated 95% similarity to Sulfurospirillum arcachonense, an epsilon Proteobacteria isolated from an oxidized marine surface sediment. The autotrophic bacteria grouped within a deeply branching clade of the epsilonProteobacteria, to date composed only of uncultured bacteria detected in a sample from a hydrothermal vent along the mid-Atlantic ridge. A molecular survey of various hydrothermal vent environments demonstrated the presence of two of these bacteria (Am-N and Am-H) in more than one geographic location and habitat. These results suggest that certain epsilonProteobacteria likely fill important niches in the environmental habitats of deep-sea hydrothermal vents, where they contribute to overall carbon and sulfur cycling at moderate thermophilic temperatures.

scholarly journals Groundwater cable bacteria conserve energy by sulfur disproportionation

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 623-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert Müller ◽  
Sviatlana Marozava ◽  
Alexander J. Probst ◽  
Rainer U. Meckenstock
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Electron Donor ◽  
Nitrate Reduction ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Metabolic Reconstruction ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Sulfur Disproportionation

AbstractCable bacteria of the family Desulfobulbaceae couple spatially separated sulfur oxidation and oxygen or nitrate reduction by long-distance electron transfer, which can constitute the dominant sulfur oxidation process in shallow sediments. However, it remains unknown how cells in the anoxic part of the centimeter-long filaments conserve energy. We found 16S rRNA gene sequences similar to groundwater cable bacteria in a 1-methylnaphthalene-degrading culture (1MN). Cultivation with elemental sulfur and thiosulfate with ferrihydrite or nitrate as electron acceptors resulted in a first cable bacteria enrichment culture dominated >90% by 16S rRNA sequences belonging to the Desulfobulbaceae. Desulfobulbaceae-specific fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) unveiled single cells and filaments of up to several hundred micrometers length to belong to the same species. The Desulfobulbaceae filaments also showed the distinctive cable bacteria morphology with their continuous ridge pattern as revealed by atomic force microscopy. The cable bacteria grew with nitrate as electron acceptor and elemental sulfur and thiosulfate as electron donor, but also by sulfur disproportionation when Fe(Cl)2 or Fe(OH)3 were present as sulfide scavengers. Metabolic reconstruction based on the first nearly complete genome of groundwater cable bacteria revealed the potential for sulfur disproportionation and a chemo-litho-autotrophic metabolism. The presence of different types of hydrogenases in the genome suggests that they can utilize hydrogen as alternative electron donor. Our results imply that cable bacteria not only use sulfide oxidation coupled to oxygen or nitrate reduction by LDET for energy conservation, but sulfur disproportionation might constitute the energy metabolism for cells in large parts of the cable bacterial filaments.

scholarly journals Cryptic species of Archinome (Annelida: Amphinomida) from vents and seeps

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1770) ◽  
pp. 20131876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Borda ◽  
Jerry D. Kudenov ◽  
Pierre Chevaldonné ◽  
James A. Blake ◽  
Daniel Desbruyères ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
East Pacific ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
First Time ◽  
Galapagos Rift

Since its description from the Galapagos Rift in the mid-1980s, Archinome rosacea has been recorded at hydrothermal vents in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Only recently was a second species described from the Pacific Antarctic Ridge. We inferred the identities and evolutionary relationships of Archinome representatives sampled from across the hydrothermal vent range of the genus, which is now extended to cold methane seeps. Species delimitation using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) recovered up to six lineages, whereas concatenated datasets (COI, 16S, 28S and ITS1) supported only four or five of these as clades. Morphological approaches alone were inconclusive to verify the identities of species owing to the lack of discrete diagnostic characters. We recognize five Archinome species, with three that are new to science. The new species, designated based on molecular evidence alone, include: Archinome levinae n. sp., which occurs at both vents and seeps in the east Pacific, Archinome tethyana n. sp., which inhabits Atlantic vents and Archinome jasoni n. sp., also present in the Atlantic, and whose distribution extends to the Indian and southwest Pacific Oceans. Biogeographic connections between vents and seeps are highlighted, as are potential evolutionary links among populations from vent fields located in the east Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, and Atlantic and Indian Oceans; the latter presented for the first time.

scholarly journals Detection of Putatively Thermophilic Anaerobic Methanotrophs in Diffuse Hydrothermal Vent Fluids

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 915-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Y. Merkel ◽  
Julie A. Huber ◽  
Nikolay A. Chernyh ◽  
Elizaveta A. Bonch-Osmolovskaya ◽  
Alexander V. Lebedinsky
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Anaerobic Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTThe anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is carried out by a globally distributed group of uncultivatedEuryarchaeota, the anaerobic methanotrophic arachaea (ANME). In this work, we used G+C analysis of 16S rRNA genes to identify a putatively thermophilic ANME group and applied newly designed primers to study its distribution in low-temperature diffuse vent fluids from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. We found that the G+C content of the 16S rRNA genes (PGC) is significantly higher in the ANME-1GBa group than in other ANME groups. Based on the positive correlation between thePGCand optimal growth temperatures (Topt) of archaea, we hypothesize that the ANME-1GBa group is adapted to thrive at high temperatures. We designed specific 16S rRNA gene-targeted primers for the ANME-1 cluster to detect all phylogenetic groups within this cluster, including the deeply branching ANME-1GBa group. The primers were successfully tested bothin silicoand in experiments with sediment samples where ANME-1 phylotypes had previously been detected. The primers were further used to screen for the ANME-1 microorganisms in diffuse vent fluid samples from deep-sea hydrothermal vents in the Pacific Ocean, and sequences belonging to the ANME-1 cluster were detected in four individual vents. Phylotypes belonging to the ANME-1GBa group dominated in clone libraries from three of these vents. Our findings provide evidence of existence of a putatively extremely thermophilic group of methanotrophic archaea that occur in geographically and geologically distinct marine hydrothermal habitats.

scholarly journals Functional diversity and biogeography using ‘sFDvent’ - the first global trait database for hydrothermal vent species

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbie Chapman ◽  
Amanda E Bates ◽  
Verena Tunnicliffe ◽  
The sFDvent Working Group ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Biogeographic Provinces ◽  
Selected Traits ◽  
Ne Pacific

The taxonomic composition of hydrothermal vent communities differs markedly on a global scale, forming distinct biogeographic provinces. The relative biodiversity of these areas can be assessed using traits as a common, cross-province ‘currency’. First, we used well-studied Juan de Fuca Ridge vents (NE Pacific) to assess trait data availability for vent species and to test the performance of functional diversity metrics given a species-poor system. These investigations highlighted vents as model ‘untouched’ ecosystems for developing ecological theory for conservation, advocating the potential of a vent trait database. Next, we built a global trait database for vent species – ‘sFDvent’. We selected traits that characterized the performance of a species and its contribution to ecosystem function, and best matched with established trait databases to ensure cross-ecosystem consistency. An international pool of experts scored these traits to populate the 14-trait database. Using sFDvent, we: created the first map of functional biogeography for deep-sea hydrothermal vents; assessed global-scale functional biodiversity trends (e.g., the East Pacific has fewer functionally unique species than the West Pacific, based on preliminary analyses); and evaluated the potential roles of large-scale environmental processes on these patterns.

Chemoautotrophic function of bacterial symbionts in small Pogonophora

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Southward ◽  
Eve C. Southward ◽  
P. R. Dando ◽  
R. L. Barrett ◽  
R. Ling
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Symbionts ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Reduced Sulphur Compounds

INTRODUCTIONThe small species of Pogonophora that are widely distributed in sediments along the Continental Slope and in the Norwegian fjords (Webb, 1965; Southward & Southward, 1967; Southward, 1971,1979) carry Gram-negative bacteria in the posterior part of the body (Southward, 1982). In this they resemble the giant pogonophores (Vestimentifera) that live around hydrothermal vents in the Pacific ocean floor (Cavanaugh et al. 1981; Cavanaugh, 1983). The bacteria in both groups are autotrophic (Felbeck, 1981; Southward et al. 1981), capable of synthesizing organic matter from carbon dioxide. The bacteria in Riftia and other vent pogonophores appear to obtain energy by oxidation of reduced sulphur compounds (Felbeck, 1981; Felbeck, Childress & Somero, 1981). Hydrothermal vent waters may contain as much as 6 nut dissolved sulphide (Edmond et al. 1982; Edmond & Von Damm, 1983), which is diluted to about 200-300 μM near the giant pogonophores, whose blood can transport sulphide without affecting the affinity of its haemoglobin for oxygen (Arp & Childress, 1983; Powell & Somero, 1983; Childress, Arp & Fisher, 1984).

Radiocarbon Chronology for the Late Archaic and Formative Periods on the Pacific Coast of Southeastern Mesoamerica

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 161-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Blake ◽  
John E. Clark ◽  
Barbara Voorhies ◽  
George Michaels ◽  
Michael W. Love ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Late Archaic ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Radiocarbon Chronology ◽  
Middle Formative

AbstractArchaeological excavations carried out during the past five years along the Pacific coast of Mexico, Guatemala, and El Salvador have recovered 79 new 14C dates for the Late Archaic and Early to Middle Formative periods. We analyze these new dates along with 25 previously published dates to refine a sequence of 10 archaeological phases spanning almost three and a half millennia, from ca. 4000 to 650 B.C. The phases are summarized with a brief description of their most salient characteristics. We include illustrations of the Early Formative period ceramics and figurines from the Mazatan region. The sequence of phases reveals a trajectory of cultural evolution beginning in the Archaic period with the mobile hunting, fishing, and gathering Chantuto people. By 1550 B.C., the first ceramic-using sedentary communities appeared on the coast of Chiapas. They were hunter-fisher-gatherers who supplemented their food supply with cultivated plants, including maize and beans. We suggest that by the Locona phase (1400–1250 B.C.) in Chiapas, they began the transition from egalitarian sociopolitical organization to simple chiefdoms, leaving behind evidence of large-scale architectural constructions, long-distance imports such as obsidian and jade, and elaborately crafted prestige goods. Also in Chiapas, during the Cherla phase (1100–1000 B.C.), ceramic and figurine styles, nearly identical to those found at San Lorenzo Tenochtitlan on the Gulf Coast, made their first appearance. Many of the local artifact styles were gradually replaced by styles that became increasingly widespread in Mesoamerica. The chronology presented here shows that these changes were roughly contemporaneous with similar ones in neighboring regions of Mesoamerica.

scholarly journals Rare Taxa Maintain Microbial Diversity and Contribute to Terrestrial Community Dynamics throughout Bark Beetle Infestation

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (23) ◽  
pp. 6912-6919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin M. Mikkelson ◽  
Chelsea M. Bokman ◽  
Jonathan O. Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Biogeochemical Cycling ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Edaphic Parameters

ABSTRACTA global phenomenon of increasing bark beetle-induced tree mortality has heightened concerns regarding ecosystem response and biogeochemical implications. Here, we explore microbial dynamics under lodgepole pines through the analysis of bulk (16S rRNA gene) and potentially active (16S rRNA) communities to understand the terrestrial ecosystem responses that are associated with this form of large-scale tree mortality. We found that the relative abundances of bulk and potentially active taxa were correlated across taxonomic levels, but at lower levels, cladal differences became more apparent. Despite this correlation, there was a strong differentiation of community composition between bulk and potentially active taxa, with further clustering associated with the stages of tree mortality. Surprisingly, community clustering as a function of tree phase had limited correlation to soil water content and total nitrogen concentrations, which were the only two measured edaphic parameters to differ in association with tree phase. Bacterial clustering is more readily explained by the observed decrease in the abundance of active, rare microorganisms after tree death in conjunction with stable alpha diversity measurements. This enables the rare fraction of the terrestrial microbial community to maintain metabolic diversity by transitioning between metabolically active and dormant states during this ecosystem disturbance and contributes disproportionately to community dynamics and archived metabolic capabilities. These results suggest that analyzing bulk and potentially active communities after beetle infestation may be a more sensitive indicator of disruption than measuring local edaphic parameters.IMPORTANCEForests around the world are experiencing unprecedented mortality due to insect infestations that are fueled in part by a changing climate. While aboveground processes have been explored, changes at the terrestrial interface that are relevant to microbial biogeochemical cycling remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the changing bulk and potentially active microbial communities beneath healthy and beetle-killed trees. We found that, even though few edaphic parameters were altered from beetle infestation, the rare microbes were more likely to be active and fluctuate between dormancy and metabolic activity. This indicates that rare as opposed to abundant taxa contribute disproportionately to microbial community dynamics and presumably biogeochemical cycling within these types of perturbed ecosystems.

scholarly journals Massive Southern Ocean phytoplankton bloom fed by iron of possible hydrothermal origin

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey M. S. Schine ◽  
Anne-Carlijn Alderkamp ◽  
Gert van Dijken ◽  
Loes J. A. Gerringa ◽  
Sara Sergi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Phytoplankton Bloom ◽  
Hydrothermal Origin ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Circumpolar Current ◽  
The Antarctic

AbstractPrimary production in the Southern Ocean (SO) is limited by iron availability. Hydrothermal vents have been identified as a potentially important source of iron to SO surface waters. Here we identify a recurring phytoplankton bloom in the high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll waters of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the Pacific sector of the SO, that we argue is fed by iron of hydrothermal origin. In January 2014 the bloom covered an area of ~266,000 km2 with depth-integrated chlorophyll a > 300 mg m−2, primary production rates >1 g C m−2 d−1, and a mean CO2 flux of −0.38 g C m−2 d−1. The elevated iron supporting this bloom is likely of hydrothermal origin based on the recurrent position of the bloom relative to two active hydrothermal vent fields along the Australian Antarctic Ridge and the association of the elevated iron with a distinct water mass characteristic of a nonbuoyant hydrothermal vent plume.

scholarly journals Phylogeny of hydrothermal vent Iphionidae, with the description of a new species (Aphroditiformia, Annelida)

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 779 ◽  
pp. 89-107
Author(s):  
Marina F. McCowin ◽  
Greg W. Rouse
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
East Pacific Rise ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
East Pacific ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

The scale-worm family Iphionidae consists of four genera. Of these, Thermiphione has two accepted species, both native to hydrothermal vents in the Pacific Ocean; T.fijiensis Miura, 1994 (West Pacific) and T.tufari Hartmann-Schröder, 1992 (East Pacific Rise). Iphionella is also known from the Pacific, and has two recognized species; Iphionellarisensis Pettibone, 1986 (East Pacific Rise, hydrothermal vents) and I.philippinensis Pettibone, 1986 (West Pacific, deep sea). In this study, phylogenetic analyses of Iphionidae from various hydrothermal vent systems of the Pacific Ocean were conducted utilizing morphology and mitochondrial (COI and 16S rRNA) and nuclear (18S and 28S rRNA) genes. The results revealed a new iphionid species, described here as Thermiphionerapanuisp. n. The analyses also demonstrated the paraphyly of Thermiphione, requiring Iphionellarisensis to be referred to the genus, as Thermiphionerisensis (Pettibone, 1986).

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