Magnetic fields and cosmic rays in the distant heliosphere at solar maximum: Voyager 2 observations near 32 AU during 1990

1995 ◽  
Vol 100 (A8) ◽  
pp. 14763 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Burlaga ◽  
N. F. Ness ◽  
F. B. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Solar Maximum ◽  
Voyager 2

scholarly journals The measurement of the energy of cosmic rays - II—The curvature measurements and the energy spectrum

1936 ◽  
Vol 154 (883) ◽  
pp. 573-587 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Strong Magnetic Fields ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Primary Particles ◽  
Curvature Measurements

Both the penetrating power of the cosmic rays through material ab­sorbers and their ability to reach the earth in spite of its magnetic field, make it certain that the energy of many of the primary particles must reach at least 10 11 e-volts. However, the energy measurements by Kunze, and by Anderson, using cloud chambers in strong magnetic fields, have extended only to about 5 x 10 9 e-volts. Particles of greater energy were reported, but the curvature of their tracks was too small to be measured with certainty. We have extended these energy measurements to somewhat higher energies, using a large electro-magnet specially built for the purpose and described in Part I. As used in these experiments, the magnet allowed the photography of tracks 17 cm long in a field of about 14,000 gauss. The magnet weighed about 11,000 kilos and used a power of 25 kilowatts.

scholarly journals The Origin and Dynamical Effects of the Magnetic Fields and Cosmic Rays in the Disk of the Galaxy

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 168-183
Author(s):  
E. N. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Dynamical Behavior ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Interested Reader ◽  
Written Text ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The topic of this presentation is the origin and dynamical behavior of the magnetic field and cosmic-ray gas in the disk of the Galaxy. In the space available I can do no more than mention the ideas that have been developed, with but little explanation and discussion. To make up for this inadequacy I have tried to give a complete list of references in the written text, so that the interested reader can pursue the points in depth (in particular see the review articles Parker, 1968a, 1969a, 1970). My purpose here is twofold, to outline for you the calculations and ideas that have developed thus far, and to indicate the uncertainties that remain. The basic ideas are sound, I think, but, when we come to the details, there are so many theoretical alternatives that need yet to be explored and so much that is not yet made clear by observations.

ENERGY ORDERING EFFECTS IN THE ARRIVAL DIRECTIONS OF ULTRA-HIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS MEASURED BY THE PIERRE AUGER OBSERVATORY

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (supp02) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
◽  
PETER SCHIFFER
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Pierre Auger Observatory ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Ordering Effects ◽  
Arrival Directions

The Pierre Auger Observatory is the world's largest experiment for the measurement of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). These UHECRs are assumed to be to be charged particles, and thus are deflected in cosmic magnetic fields. Recent results of the Pierre Auger Observatory addressing the complex of energy ordering of the UHECRs arrival directions are reviewed in this contribution. So far no significant energy ordering has been observed.

scholarly journals Ulysses COSPIN observations of cosmic rays and solar energetic particles from the South Pole to the North Pole of the Sun during solar maximum

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1217-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. McKibben ◽  
J. J. Connell ◽  
C. Lopate ◽  
M. Zhang ◽  
J. D. Anglin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Solar Maximum ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Energetic Particles ◽  
Solar Energetic Particles ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Inner Heliosphere

Abstract. In 2000–2001 Ulysses passed from the south to the north polar regions of the Sun in the inner heliosphere, providing a snapshot of the latitudinal structure of cosmic ray modulation and solar energetic particle populations during a period near solar maximum.  Observations from the COSPIN suite of energetic charged particle telescopes show that latitude variations in the cosmic ray intensity in the inner heliosphere are nearly non-existent near solar maximum, whereas small but clear latitude gradients were observed during the similar phase of Ulysses’ orbit near the 1994–95 solar minimum. At proton energies above ~10 MeV and extending up to >70 MeV, the intensities are often dominated by Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) accelerated near the Sun in association with intense solar flares and large Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). At lower energies the particle intensities are almost constantly enhanced above background, most likely as a result of a mix of SEPs and particles accelerated by interplanetary shocks. Simultaneous high-latitude Ulysses and near-Earth observations show that most events that produce large flux increases near Earth also produce flux increases at Ulysses, even at the highest latitudes attained. Particle anisotropies during particle onsets at Ulysses are typically directed outwards from the Sun, suggesting either acceleration extending to high latitudes or efficient cross-field propagation somewhere inside the orbit of Ulysses. Both cosmic ray and SEP observations are consistent with highly efficient transport of energetic charged particles between the equatorial and polar regions and across the mean interplanetary magnetic fields in the inner heliosphere.Key words. Interplanetary physics (cosmic rays) – Solar physics, astrophysics and astronomy (energetic particles; flares and mass ejections)

The Distribution of Radio Polarisation in Three Southern Galaxies

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-268
Author(s):  
J. I. Harnett ◽  
U. Klein ◽  
R. Wielebinski ◽  
R. F. Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Radio Telescope ◽  
Spiral Galaxies ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Contour Plots ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Poloidal Magnetic Fields

AbstractWe are studying the distribution and morphology of magnetic fields in southern face-on and edge-on galaxies with the intention of clarifying the distribution, lifetimes and transport mechanisms of cosmic rays, and investigating the intensity and orientation of the disc, halo and poloidal magnetic fields. As a preliminary study, before the Australia Telescope was available, we observed a sample of well-known southern spiral galaxies with the Parkes radio telescope.Here, we present the resulting polarisation images for three galaxies, NGC 253, M 83 and NGC 4945, which were observed at 4.75 GHz and 8.55 GHz. The corresponding total power contour plots have been already published by Harnett et al. (1989a, 1990).

Lensing of ultra-high energy cosmic rays in turbulent magnetic fields

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 (03) ◽  
pp. 045-045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Harari ◽  
Silvia Mollerach ◽  
Esteban Roulet ◽  
Federico Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays

scholarly journals Cosmic Rays in Intermittent Magnetic Fields

2017 ◽  
Vol 839 (1) ◽  
pp. L16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anvar Shukurov ◽  
Andrew P. Snodin ◽  
Amit Seta ◽  
Paul J. Bushby ◽  
Toby S. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Magnetic Fields

scholarly journals IMAGINE: a comprehensive view of the interstellar medium, Galactic magnetic fields and cosmic rays

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (08) ◽  
pp. 049-049 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Boulanger ◽  
Torsten Enßlin ◽  
Andrew Fletcher ◽  
Philipp Girichides ◽  
Stefan Hackstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Interstellar Medium ◽  
Galactic Magnetic Fields ◽  
Comprehensive View

scholarly journals Galactic Winds and Magnetic Fields from Spiral Galaxies

1990 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.J. Völk ◽  
D. Breitschwerdt ◽  
J.F. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Magnetic Structure ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Spiral Galaxies ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Component ◽  
Galactic Winds ◽  
High Energy Component

Concentrating on our own Galaxy we discuss the dynamics of the outer halo, its magnetic structure and the occurrence of a supersonic mass loss in the form of a Galactic wind. The cosmic rays, as the nonthermal high energy component, de facto not influenced by gravity, play an essential role in the wind dynamics.

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