beta-Galactosidase, polygalacturonase and pectinesterase in differential softening and cell wall modification during papaya fruit ripening

1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Lazan ◽  
Mohd. Kasim Selamat ◽  
Zainon Mohd. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Cell Wall Modification ◽  
Beta Galactosidase

scholarly journals Genome wide identification and functional characterization of strawberry pectin methylesterases related to fruit softening

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Xue ◽  
Si-Cong Guan ◽  
Jian-Qing Chen ◽  
Chen-Jin Wen ◽  
Jian-Fa Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzyme ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Fruit Softening ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Strawberry Fruit ◽  
Cell Wall Modification

Abstract Background Pectin methylesterase (PME) is a hydrolytic enzyme that catalyzes the demethylesterification of homogalacturonans and controls pectin reconstruction, being essential in regulation of cell wall modification. During fruit ripening stage, PME-mediated cell wall remodeling is an important process to determine fruit firmness and softening. Strawberry fruit is a soft fruit with a short postharvest life, due to a rapid loss of firm texture. Hence, preharvest improvement of strawberry fruit rigidity is a prerequisite for extension of fruit refreshing time. Although PME has been well characterized in model plants, knowledge regarding the functionality and evolutionary property of PME gene family in strawberry remain limited. Results A total of 54 PME genes (FvPMEs) were identified in woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca ‘Hawaii 4’). Phylogeny and gene structure analysis divided these FvPME genes into four groups (Group 1–4). Duplicate events analysis suggested that tandem and dispersed duplications effectively contributed to the expansion of the PME family in strawberry. Through transcriptome analysis, we identified FvPME38 and FvPME39 as the most abundant-expressed PMEs at fruit ripening stages, and they were positively regulated by abscisic acid. Genetic manipulation of FvPME38 and FvPME39 by overexpression and RNAi-silencing significantly influences the fruit firmness, pectin content and cell wall structure, indicating a requirement of PME for strawberry fruit softening. Conclusion Our study globally analyzed strawberry pectin methylesterases by the approaches of phylogenetics, evolutionary prediction and genetic analysis. We verified the essential role of FvPME38 and FvPME39 in regulation of strawberry fruit softening process, which provided a guide for improving strawberry fruit firmness by modifying PME level.

scholarly journals Fruit Ripening in Sour Cherry: Changes in Expression of Genes Encoding Expansins and other Cell-wall-modifying Enzymes

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Dong Yoo ◽  
Zhifang Gao ◽  
Claudio Cantini ◽  
Wayne H. Loescher ◽  
Steven van Nocker
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Pectate Lyase ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Xyloglucan Endotransglycosylase ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Cell Wall Modification ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding

A preliminary understanding of developmental processes among divergent species is essential to evaluate the applicability of information from model species to plants of agricultural importance. In tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), where the molecular biology associated with fruit ripening has been studied most extensively, tissue softening is due at least in part to the activity of proteins called expansins, in concert with enzymatic activities that modify the pectin and xyloglucan components of the cell wall. We evaluated the potential for the concerted action of expansins and other cell wall-modifying enzymes during ripening in a highly divergent fruit species, sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.). We identified a family of four expansin genes that was strongly upregulated at the advent of ripening. Activation of these genes was accompanied by strong upregulation of gene(s) encoding potential pectin methylesterases, pectate lyase(s), and xyloglucan endotransglycosylase(s). Initiation of ripening and gene induction were also associated with a rapid decrease in cell wall weight. These results suggest that expansin and several other distinct activities could be involved in ripening-associated cell wall modification in cherries.

scholarly journals Transcriptome and metabolome profiling provide insights into molecular mechanism of pseudostem elongation in banana

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guiming Deng ◽  
Fangcheng Bi ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Weidi He ◽  
Chunyu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Elongation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Banana Plant ◽  
Cell Wall Modification ◽  
Dwarf Cultivar ◽  
Important Trait ◽  
Metabolome Profiling

AbstractBackgroundBanana plant height is an important trait for horticultural practices and semi-dwarf cultivars show better resistance to damages by wind and rain. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling the pseudostem height remain poorly understood. Herein, we studied the molecular changes in the pseudostem of a semi-dwarf banana mutant Aifen No. 1 (Musaspp. Pisang Awak sub-group ABB) as compared to its wild-type dwarf cultivar using a combined transcriptome and metabolome approach.ResultsA total of 127 differentially expressed genes and 48 differentially accumulated metabolites were detected between the mutant and its wild type. Metabolites belonging to amino acid and its derivatives, flavonoids, lignans, coumarins, organic acids, and phenolic acids were up-regulated in the mutant. The transcriptome analysis showed the differential regulation of genes related to the gibberellin pathway, auxin transport, cell elongation, and cell wall modification. Based on the regulation of gibberellin and associated pathway-related genes, we discussed the involvement of gibberellins in pseudostem elongation in the mutant banana. Genes and metabolites associated with cell wall were explored and their involvement in cell extension is discussed.ConclusionsThe results suggest that gibberellins and associated pathways are possibly developing the observed semi-dwarf pseudostem phenotype together with cell elongation and cell wall modification. The findings increase the understanding of the mechanisms underlying banana stem height and provide new clues for further dissection of specific gene functions.

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