Peatland carbon storage affects global climate

AccessScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Global Climate

scholarly journals Vegetation Indices Do Not Capture Forest Cover Variation in Upland Siberian Larch Forests

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Loranty ◽  
Sergey Davydov ◽  
Heather Kropp ◽  
Heather Alexander ◽  
Michelle Mack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Siberian Larch ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Larch Forests

Boreal forests are changing in response to climate, with potentially important feedbacks to regional and global climate through altered carbon cycle and albedo dynamics. These feedback processes will be affected by vegetation changes, and feedback strengths will largely rely on the spatial extent and timing of vegetation change. Satellite remote sensing is widely used to monitor vegetation dynamics, and vegetation indices (VIs) are frequently used to characterize spatial and temporal trends in vegetation productivity. In this study we combine field observations of larch forest cover across a 25 km2 upland landscape in northeastern Siberia with high-resolution satellite observations to determine how the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) are related to forest cover. Across 46 forest stands ranging from 0% to 90% larch canopy cover, we find either no change, or declines in NDVI and EVI derived from PlanetScope CubeSat and Landsat data with increasing forest cover. In conjunction with field observations of NDVI, these results indicate that understory vegetation likely exerts a strong influence on vegetation indices in these ecosystems. This suggests that positive decadal trends in NDVI in Siberian larch forests may correspond primarily to increases in understory productivity, or even to declines in forest cover. Consequently, positive NDVI trends may be associated with declines in terrestrial carbon storage and increases in albedo, rather than increases in carbon storage and decreases in albedo that are commonly assumed. Moreover, it is also likely that important ecological changes such as large changes in forest density or variable forest regrowth after fire are not captured by long-term NDVI trends.

scholarly journals Does the long-term success of REDD+ also depend on biodiversity?

Oryx ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Hinsley ◽  
Abigail Entwistle ◽  
Dorothea V. Pio
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Tree Survival

AbstractOriginally proposed in 2005 as a way to use financial incentives to tackle global climate change, Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD) has evolved to include conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks, in what is now known as REDD+. Biodiversity protection is still viewed principally as a co-benefit of the REDD+ process, with conservation of forest tree cover and carbon stocks providing the main measure of success. However, focusing solely on tree cover and carbon stocks does not always protect other species, which may be threatened by other factors, most notably hunting. We present evidence from the literature that loss of biodiversity can affect forest composition, tree survival and forest resilience and may in some cases ultimately lead to a reduction in carbon storage. We argue that REDD+ projects should specifically mitigate for threats to biodiversity if they are to maximize carbon storage potential in the long term.

Causality in the diversity-abundance relationship across the main World’s forest biomes: insights for nature-based mitigation solutions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Madrigal-Gonzalez ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Tree Diversity ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Diversity Effects

<p>Increasing evidence now exists for a tight connection between tree diversity and carbon storage capacity. As part of the Paris Agreement (COP21), forests play a critical and prominent role to reach the ambitious goal of net-zero emissions in the second half of this century. Besides reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (also known as REDD), maintaining and enriching tree assemblages could thus help mitigating climate change via increased abundance and more efficient resource use.</p><p>However, recent evidence questions this widespread idea of positive diversity effects on forest carbon storage. Specifically, tree diversity may not always be a causal mechanism but rather a consequence of tree abundance and productivity (following the ‘more individuals hypothesis’). To test these contrasting hypotheses, this contribution analyses the most plausible causal pathways and their stability along global climatic gradients in the diversity-abundance relationship across the World’s main forest biomes, using a dataset comprising more than 2,500 forest plots and 83,800 trees sampled in pristine forest landscapes in all continents (except Antarctica).</p><p>We demonstrate that causal relations can be reconciled along global climate gradients, with diversity effects prevailing in the most productive environments, and abundance effects becoming dominant towards the most limiting conditions. These findings have major implications on climate change mitigation strategies aimed at carbon sequestration: we find that future nature-based mitigation solutions focused on fostering biodiversity will only be cost-effective in productive forest landscapes. In less productive environments, by contrast, mitigation measures should promote the abundance of locally adapted functional strategies. Conservation of species diversity in equatorial and tropical areas is thus a priority, not only to preserve the inherent value of biodiversity but also to achieve the global goals on atmospheric decarbonization. In less productive lands on Earth, the conservation of abundance through productivity should be posed, next to diversity, as a major element in environmental policies and land management.</p><p> </p>

Effects of livestock grazing on grassland carbon storage and release override impacts associated with global climate change

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 1119-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guiyao Zhou ◽  
Qin Luo ◽  
Yajie Chen ◽  
Miao He ◽  
Lingyan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Livestock Grazing

scholarly journals SIMPANAN KARBON SEBAGAI SALAH SATU INDIKATOR KESEHATAN HUTAN PADA HUTAN RAKYAT (Studi Kasus di Hutan Rakyat Kelurahan Pinang Jaya, Kecamatan Kemiling, Kota Bandar Lampung, Provinsi Lampung)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Vita Arianasari ◽  
Rahmat Safe'i ◽  
Arief Darmawan ◽  
Hari Kaskoyo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Forest Health Monitoring ◽  
Non Destructive

Global climate change and forest health are currently two things that need to be studied more deeply. Forests store carbon, including in the community forests. A healthy forest can perform its function properly including as a carbon sinker as well as a carbon repository. This study aims to analyze carbon storage as an indicator of forest health in community forests in Pinang Jaya Village. The data were collected by using cluster plots based on the method of Forest Health Monitoring (FHM), totaling 15 units. The measurement method used is destructive and non-destructive. The result showed that the average carbon storage in community forests in Pinang Jaya Village is 54.59 tC/ha. The largest contribution to carbon storage was AGB with a percentage of 95.71%, followed by necromass at 4.23%, and 0.05% litter and understorey. Based on the results of the analysis, carbon storage can perform as an indicator of forest health in the community forests of Pinang Jaya Village with the bad, medium, and good categories. The plot clusters are in the Good category (70.61 tC/ha - 83.66 tC/ha), namely cluster plots 13, Moderate categories (57.55 tC/ha - 70.60 tC/ha), namely cluster plots 4 and 14, and the Bad category (44.49 tC/ha - 57.54 tC/ha), namely cluster plots 1-3, 5-12.15, with the percentage of each category of 7%, 13%, and 80%.

Projection of future direct and indirect impacts of urban expansion on carbon storage: A case study in Hubei, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanping Tang ◽  
Xinli Ke
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Ecological Protection ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts

<p>Urban expansion encroaches on natural habitat, which seriously affects carbon storage which plays an important role in global climate change. The projection of future effects of urban expansion on carbon storage have been the subject of attention, previous studies explored its direct impacts but ignored indirect effects: cropland loss caused by urban expansion needs to compensation from natural habitat for food security, which also affects carbon storage. China, as a populated country, is at an important stage of cropland conservation policies reform, rapid urbanization, and constructing of eco-civilization. In this case, it’s vital to figure out the change of carbon storage due to the direct and indirect impacts of urban expansion in the future. Taking Hubei as the study area, the aim of this study is to project both direct impacts (DI) and indirect impacts (II) of urban expansion on carbon storage during 2010–2030. Three scenarios are developed by integrating the current situation and policies: the scenarios where urban continues to expand and the cropland conservation policies are implemented with the priority to cropland in quantity (S<sub>1</sub>), with the priority to cropland in quantity and quality (S<sub>2</sub>), with the priority to cropland in quantity and quality, and ecological protection is also concerned (S<sub>3</sub>). Results show that, the total loss of carbon storage caused by urban expansion will be 1.83Tg•C (DI: 0.95Tg•C; II:0.88Tg•C) under the S<sub>1</sub> scenario, will be 2.15Tg•C (DI: 1.46Tg•C; II:0.69Tg•C) under the S<sub>2</sub> scenario, and will be 1.49Tg•C (DI: 0.94Tg•C; II: 0.55Tg•C) under the S<sub>3</sub> scenario. This indicates that ignoring the indirect impacts of urban expansion on carbon storage will lead to the underestimation of real impacts of urban expansion with 48%, 32%, and 63%, respectively. This study highlights the importance of taking the carbon storage loss caused by the indirect impacts of urban expansion into consideration.</p>

Temporal and Spatial Distribution Pattern of Carbon Sink in Forest Vegetation of Jiangxi Province

2014 ◽  
Vol 644-650 ◽  
pp. 5295-5299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiu Gen Zhang ◽  
Shi Fen Wang ◽  
Yang Jian Zhang ◽  
Jing Yi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Jiangxi Province ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Carbon Density ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Vegetation Carbon ◽  
Vegetation Carbon Storage

Forest ecosystem has a huge carbon sink function and plays an inhibitory effect on global climate warming. The carbon storages of Jiangxi province forest vegetation between 1984 and 2003 were estimated by an age-based volume-to-biomass method according to the forest resource inventory data of the homologous periods. The results showed that the total vegetation carbon storage of Jiangxi province forest vegetation in the four periods was 101.86TgC, 124.1TgC, 157.3TgC and 188.78TgC respectively. The total vegetation carbon storage of Jiangxi province forests had increased 86.92TgC and accumulated about 4.35TgC per year from 1984 to 2003. The average forest vegetation carbon density was between 22.77t/hm2 and 25.94t/hm2. The spatial pattern of forest vegetation carbon storage in Jiangxi province was studied according to forest resources survey data during 10th five-year plan. The results showed that the largest forest vegetation carbon storage was the Ganzhou city (62.36TgC) and the least was Nanchang city (1.72TgC). The average carbon intensity of all city forest vegetation in Jiangxi province was roughly from 20.641t/hm2 to 32.930t/hm2. The smallest carbon density was Nanchang city (20.641t/hm2) while the biggest was Jingdezhen city (32.930t/hm2).

scholarly journals The impact of closed depressions on soil organic carbon storage in eroded loess landscapes of E Poland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Kołodyńska-Gawrysiak ◽  
Leszek Gawrysiak ◽  
Jean Poesen ◽  
Andrzej Plak
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Soil Carbon Storage ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Organic Carbon Storage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage

Soil erosion is an important problem in the loess landscapes of Europe, resulting in a lowering of soil quality and landscape changes. As a result of soil erosion, SOC is redistributed and stored in SOC pools within the landscape. Understanding the SOC dynamics is important because changes in the SOC stocks may have large impacts on global climate change. Closed depressions (CDs) in loess landscapes collect colluvial sediments resulting from soil erosion and constitute sediment stores enabling the calculation of soil erosion phases and rates. CDs are also SOC pools enabling assessing of SOC erosion and storage in loess landscapes over long periods. Colluvial sediments and fossil soils, infilling five representative CDs in the Polish loess areas used for agriculture during several millennia, were documented. The mean SOC content in CDs were calculated, the area of CDs at the regional scale were mapped. Between 11.66 and 31.78 Mg of SOC are stored in each CD. The SOC within CDs represents a significant SOC storage in the landscape of the studied region and can reach values between 178.96 and 206.73 Mg·ha-1(mean 192.85 Mg·ha-1), the SOC content in the soil cover of the surrounding eroded slopes and plateaus is 102.38 Mg·ha-1. This study indicates that CDs are a key morphological features for a better understanding of the spatial distribution of SOC in agricultural used loess landscapes of eastern Poland. SOC storage in CDs needs to be taken into account when calculating total soil carbon storage at the regional scale.

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