Strategies and Tactics of Personality Inventory Construction: An Empirical Investigation

Das Psychopathic Personality Inventory Revised (PPI-R) wurde bisher anhand der Daten gesunder, nicht straffälliger Probanden validiert. Die vorliegende Untersuchung überprüft die Validität des PPI-R für Straftäterstichproben. Die PPI-R Werte von 152 männlichen Patienten des Maßregelvollzugs, 65 Strafgefangenen und 214 männlichen Studenten wurden verglichen. Es wurden Reliabilitätskoeffizienten sowie Korrelationen mit der PCL-R berechnet. Es ergaben sich gute Reliabilitätskoeffizienten in der forensischen und der Strafgefangenen-Stichprobe. Die forensischen Patienten unterschieden sich signifikant von der gesunden Gruppe im Gesamtwert des PPI-R. Der PPI-R Gesamtwert und die PCL-R sowie deren Faktoren korrelierten signifikant. Obwohl die Gütekriterien des PPI-R auch in Straftätergruppen repliziert werden konnten, legen die Ergebnisse die Verwendung spezifischer Referenzwerte nahe. Einschränkungen des Einsatzes im Rahmen von prognostischen Aussagen sind zu beachten.

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Self-Injurious Behavior vs. Nonsuicidal Self-Injury

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000127 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 106-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Christopher M. Bloom ◽

Shareen Holly ◽

Adam M. P. Miller

Keyword(s):

Positive Reinforcement ◽

Empirical Investigation ◽

High Stress ◽

Animal Research ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Human Populations ◽

Pharmacological Interventions ◽

Self Injury ◽

Cns Stimulant ◽

Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Background: Historically, the field of self-injury has distinguished between the behaviors exhibited among individuals with a developmental disability (self-injurious behaviors; SIB) and those present within a normative population (nonsuicidal self-injury; NSSI),which typically result as a response to perceived stress. More recently, however, conclusions about NSSI have been drawn from lines of animal research aimed at examining the neurobiological mechanisms of SIB. Despite some functional similarity between SIB and NSSI, no empirical investigation has provided precedent for the application of SIB-targeted animal research as justification for pharmacological interventions in populations demonstrating NSSI. Aims: The present study examined this question directly, by simulating an animal model of SIB in rodents injected with pemoline and systematically manipulating stress conditions in order to monitor rates of self-injury. Methods: Sham controls and experimental animals injected with pemoline (200 mg/kg) were assigned to either a low stress (discriminated positive reinforcement) or high stress (discriminated avoidance) group and compared on the dependent measures of self-inflicted injury prevalence and severity. Results: The manipulation of stress conditions did not impact the rate of self-injury demonstrated by the rats. The results do not support a model of stress-induced SIB in rodents. Conclusions: Current findings provide evidence for caution in the development of pharmacotherapies of NSSI in human populations based on CNS stimulant models. Theoretical implications are discussed with respect to antecedent factors such as preinjury arousal level and environmental stress.

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Further Validity of the Japanese Version of the Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI-J)

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001/a000145 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 236-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Atsushi Oshio ◽

Shingo Abe ◽

Pino Cutrone ◽

Samuel D. Gosling

Keyword(s):

Big Five ◽

Content Validity ◽

Structural Equation ◽

English Language ◽

Full Range ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Japanese Version ◽

Personality Inventory ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Big Five Personality

The Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI; Gosling, Rentfrow, & Swann, 2003 ) is a widely used very brief measure of the Big Five personality dimensions. Oshio, Abe, and Cutrone (2012) have developed a Japanese version of the TIPI (TIPI-J), which demonstrated acceptable levels of reliability and validity. Until now, all studies examining the validity of the TIPI-J have been conducted in the Japanese language; this reliance on a single language raises concerns about the instrument’s content validity because the instrument could demonstrate reliability (e.g., retest) and some forms of validity (e.g., convergent) but still not capture the full range of the dimensions as originally conceptualized in English. Therefore, to test the content validity of the Japanese TIPI with respect to the original Big Five formulation, we examine the convergence between scores on the TIPI-J and scores on the English-language Big Five Inventory (i.e., the BFI-E), an instrument specifically designed to optimize Big Five content coverage. Two-hundred and twenty-eight Japanese undergraduate students, who were all learning English, completed the two instruments. The results of correlation analyses and structural equation modeling demonstrate the theorized congruence between the TIPI-J and the BFI-E, supporting the content validity of the TIPI-J.

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Assessing Personality With Multi-Descriptor Items

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000368 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 117-125

Author(s):

Johannes Schult ◽

Rebecca Schneider ◽

Jörn R. Sparfeldt

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Big Five ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Personality Inventory ◽

The Other ◽

Short Version ◽

Big Five Inventory ◽

Personality Inventories

Abstract. The need for efficient personality inventories has led to the wide use of short instruments. The corresponding items often contain multiple, potentially conflicting descriptors within one item. In Study 1 ( N = 198 university students), the reliability and validity of the TIPI (Ten-Item Personality Inventory) was compared with the reliability and validity of a modified TIPI based on items that rephrased each two-descriptor item into two single-descriptor items. In Study 2 ( N = 268 university students), we administered the BFI-10 (Big Five Inventory short version) and a similarly modified version of the BFI-10 without two-descriptor items. In both studies, reliability and construct validity values occasionally improved for separated multi-descriptor items. The inventories with multi-descriptor items showed shortcomings in some factors of the TIPI and the BFI-10. However, the other scales worked comparably well in the original and modified inventories. The limitations of short personality inventories with multi-descriptor items are discussed.

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MMPI-2 in Child Custody Litigation

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000192 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 110-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Paolo Roma ◽

Federica Ricci ◽

Georgios D. Kotzalidis ◽

Luigi Abbate ◽

Anna Lubrano Lavadera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Child Custody ◽

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽

Personality Inventory ◽

Custody Evaluations ◽

Self Presentation ◽

Female Population ◽

Clinical Scales ◽

Forensic Assessments ◽

Child Custody Evaluations ◽

Italian Women

In recent years, several studies have addressed the issue of positive self-presentation bias in assessing parents involved in postdivorce child custody litigations. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) is widely used in forensic assessments and is able to evaluate positive self-presentation through its Superlative Self-Presentation S scale. We investigated the existence of a gender effect on positive self-presentation bias in an Italian sample of parents involved in court evaluation. Participants were 391 divorced parents who completed the full 567-item Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 during child custody evaluations ordered by several Italian courts between 2006 and 2010. Our analysis considered the S scale along with the basic clinical scales. North-American studies had shown no gender differences in child custody litigations. Differently, our results showed a significantly higher tendency toward “faking-good” profiles on the MMPI-2 among Italian women as compared to men and as compared to the normative Italian female population. Cultural and social factors could account for these differences.

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