The Relationship Between Personal History of Sexual Victimization and Perceptions of Sexual Assault Vignettes

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Dennemann ◽  
Aubrey Beidatsch
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Victimization ◽  
Personal History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Resilience Mediates the Relationship Between PTSD Symptoms and Disordered Eating in College Women Who Have Experienced Sexual Victimization

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052091858
Author(s):  
Ava K. Fergerson ◽  
Amy M. Brausch
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Sexual Victimization ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Disordered Eating Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

It is widely known that sexual assault disproportionately affects women, and college-aged women are particularly at risk. Sexual assault can occur at any age and may have a varying range of emotional consequences for survivors, including pathological coping mechanisms such as disordered eating behaviors. This study examined the mediating effect of resilience on the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and disordered eating behavior in a sample of women who reported experiencing sexual assault in adulthood. The sample included 312 undergraduate women who identified as majority White (81.4%) and heterosexual (77.9%). Participants completed measures assessing history of sexual experiences, PTSD symptoms, disordered eating behavior, and resilience. Only those who reported experiences of sexual victimization since age 14+ were included in analyses. Results confirmed the hypothesis, as resilience significantly mediated the relationship between PTSD symptoms and disordered eating behavior in a sample of women with a history of sexual victimization. These results highlight the importance of resilience as a mitigating factor in recovery from sexual trauma. Other research indicates that resilience may have emotion-regulatory benefits that mitigate the development of disordered eating behavior. However, the specific functionality of resilience as a protective factor after sexual victimization is unclear. Further research should focus on ways to foster resilience in a clinical setting for those with a history of sexual victimization. Limitations of this study include underrepresentation of racial and ethnic minorities, as well as use of entirely self-report measures.

scholarly journals Breast cancer prevention: what women think about the illness, its risks and self-care

Psico ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Carolina Ribeiro Seabra ◽  
Maria Júlia Armiliato ◽  
Luisa Vital ◽  
Paola Otaran ◽  
Ana Carolina Peuker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Illness Perception ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Personal History ◽  
Cáncer De Mama ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Illness Coherence

Background: Early detection of breast cancer (BC) is important to reduce mortality rates. To prevent BC, women should adopt self-care behaviors. This study aimed at examining risk and illness perception and self-care of healthy women regarding breast cancer. Methods: Participants were 211 women (M = 59.11 years, SD = 8.54) and with no personal history of the illness, selected by convenience. Measures were a sociodemographic, clinical and health behavior questionnaire, illness perception and risk perception questionnaires. Nonparametric statistics (Spearman) was employed to analyze the relationship between illness perception, risk perception and sociodemographic variables. The open answers to the causes of the illness were classified according to the content analysis. Results: We found a relationship between risk and illness perception and self-care in healthy women regarding BC. It was identified that women had reasonable illness coherence (M = 3.18) and considered the illness more timeline chronic than timeline acute (M = 3.22), reasonable timeline cyclical (M = 3.56), with severe consequences for health (M = 4.22), and reasonably threatening (M = 3.15). Conclusions: BC and risk perception and self-care are interrelated variables among healthy women. ***Prevenção do cancer de mama: o que as mulheres pensam sobre a doença, seus riscos e autocuidado***Introdução: A detecção precoce do câncer de mama (CM) é importante para reduzir as taxas de mortalidade. Para preveni-lo, a mulher deve adotar comportamentos de autocuidado em saúde. Esse estudo objetiva examinar a percepção de risco, a percepção da doença e o autocuidado de mulheres saudáveis com relação ao CM. Método: Participaram 211 mulheres (M = 59,11 anos; DP = 8,54) sem histórico de CM selecionados por conveniência. Os instrumentos foram questionário de dados sociodemográficos, clínicos e decomportamento em saúde, questionários de percepção da doença e percepção de risco. Estatística não paramétrica (Spearman) foi utilizada para analisar a relação entre percepção da doença, percepção de risco e variáveis sociodemográficas. As respostas abertas sobre as causas da doença foram classificadas segundo análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Observou-se que existe relação entre a percepção de risco e da doença, e autocuidado em mulheres saudáveis. Identificou-se que as mulheres têm razoável percepção de entendimento da doença (M = 3.18), a consideravam mais crônica que aguda (M = 3.22), razoavelmente cíclica (M = 3,56), com consequências graves à saúde (M = 4,22), e relativamente ameaçadora (M = 3,15). Conclusões: A percepção do CM, a percepção de risco e o autocuidado são variáveis inter-relacionadas em mulheres saudáveis.Palavras-chave: Neoplasias; Autorregulação; Câncer de mama; Autocuidado.

scholarly journals Alcohol Expectancy, Drinking Behavior, and Sexual Victimization Among Female and Male College Students

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (15) ◽  
pp. 2298-2322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Tyler ◽  
Rachel M. Schmitz ◽  
Scott A. Adams
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Victimization ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Expectancies ◽  
Hooking Up ◽  
Alcohol Expectancy ◽  
Housing Type ◽  
The Relationship

College students have high rates of heavy drinking, and this dangerous behavior is strongly linked to sexual victimization. Although research has examined risk factors for sexual assault, few studies have simultaneously studied the various pathways through which risks may affect sexual assault and how these pathways may be uniquely different among females and males. As such, the current study uses path analyses to examine whether alcohol expectancies mediate the relationship between social factors (e.g., hooking up, amount friends drink) and drinking behavior and experiencing sexual victimization, and whether drinking behavior mediates the relationship between alcohol expectancies and sexual victimization among a college sample of 704 males and females from a large Midwestern university. For both females and males, sexual victimization was positively associated with child sexual abuse, hooking up more often, and heavier drinking, whereas greater alcohol expectancies were associated with sexual victimization only for females. Several mediating pathways were found for both females and males. Gender comparisons revealed that some of the pathways to sexual victimization such as hooking up, amount friends drink, and housing type operated differently for females and males.

Effects of Intrafamilial Sexual Assault on Eating Behaviors

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 531-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy D. Bostwick Baldo ◽  
Scott D. Wallace ◽  
M. Sean O'Halloran
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
Disordered Eating Behaviors ◽  
Eating Problem ◽  
University Women ◽  
History Of ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Recent research has linked sexual assaults with disordered eating behaviors. Whether the relationship of the perpetrator, intrafamilial or extrafamilial, affects the development of disturbed eating is not known. Using data from 390 university women, we found that women with histories of intrafamilial assaults were more likely to suffer a serious eating problem (17 of 36 subjects, 47%) than women who had no history of sexual assault (30 of 142 subjects, 21%) and women who only reported extrafamilial assaults (76 of 212 subjects, 36%).

The Effect of Hypervigilance on the Relationship Between Sexual Victimization and Gait

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (19-20) ◽  
pp. 4061-4082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Fulham ◽  
Angela S. Book ◽  
Julie Blais ◽  
Mary B. Ritchie ◽  
Nathalie Y. Gauthier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Sexual Victimization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Violent Victimization ◽  
Perceived Vulnerability ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
History Of ◽  
Perceived Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Victimization History

Two studies investigated the relationship between hypervigilance, vulnerable gait cues, and a history of sexual victimization. In Study 1 ( N = 130), gait was coded for traits relating to vulnerability where half of the sample was unaware of being videotaped (Unaware condition) and the other half was aware (Aware condition) to induce hypervigilance (between-subjects design). Gait was associated with a history of victimization, but only in the Unaware condition. A mediation analysis found that perceived impact of victimization mediated the association between victimization and vulnerable gait. In Study 2, female university students ( N = 62) were measured on their victimization history and hypervigilance. Walking styles of participants were coded for the presence of vulnerability cues in both an Unaware and Aware condition (within-subjects design). A regression analysis revealed an association between hypervigilance and a reduced change in walking style between the two conditions. More notably, hypervigilance was found to moderate the relationship between sexual victimization and vulnerable gait but not violent victimization and vulnerable gait. These results suggest that hypervigilance may be an adaptive response that reduces perceived vulnerability in sexually victimized women.

scholarly journals AB0738 SAPHO OR PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS?: EVALUATION OF CASPAR CRITERIA IN A COHORT WITH SAPHO.

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1664-1665
Author(s):  
M. Aparicio Rovira ◽  
M. Aparicio Espinar ◽  
L. Gifre ◽  
S. Holgado ◽  
M. Martínez-Morillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Personal History ◽  
Sapho Syndrome ◽  
Age At Diagnosis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
New Formation

Background:SAPHO syndrome (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis and osteitis) is an acronym created with the aim of encompassing within the same entity the findings present in a heterogeneous group of patients with various osteoarticular and cutaneous disorders. For years it has been debated whether it is an entity itself or if, on the contrary, it is a specific phenotype of psoriatic arthritis.Objectives:Determine the relationship between SAPHO syndrome and psoriatic arthritis by comparing the classic criteria of SAPHO with CASPAR in patients previously diagnosed with SAPHO.Methods:A retrospective study where patients with a diagnosis of SAPHO in the same center (1984-2018) were reviewed. Of a total of 95 patients that met the criteria of Benhamou et al., 46 were excluded due to lack of information to complete the minimum necessary data, so 39 patients were finally included in the study. Demographic data were registered, age at diagnosis, CASPAR criteria (active psoriasis, history of own or familial psoriasis, nail psoriasis, negative RF, dactylitis and new formation/juxta-articular bone proliferation), classical criteria of SAPHO and HLAB27. For the statistical analysis, a Chi-square is applied to determine the differences between the groups with / without CASPAR criteria.Results:Of the sample of 39 subjects diagnosed with SAPHO, 15 patients (38%) met CASPAR criteria (4M/11W), with a median age at diagnosis of 42 years (range 21-50). Of them, 8 (60%) had active cutaneous psoriasis, 10 (73%) had a family or personal history of psoriasis, 6 (40%) had psoriatic nail dystrophy, 14 (93%) had negative FR, 3 (20%) had presented some episode of dactylitis and 10 (73%) had juxta-articular new bone formation. Of the 15 patients who met CASPAR criteria, 9 (67%) had synovitis, 2 (13%) acne, 4 (26%) pustulosis, 13 (87%) hyperostosis and 12 (80%) osteitis. HLAB27 was positive in 1 patient (2.5%) of the group that met CASPAR criteria. Of the patients who did not fulfill CASPAR criteria (9M/15W), the median age at diagnosis was 44.5 years (range 10-70). None of them had active cutaneous psoriasis, psoriatic nail distrophy or dactylitis, 1 (4%) had a family or personal history of psoriasis, all had RF- and 3 (12.5%) had juxta-articular bone new formation (Table 1). Synovitis was observed more frequently in patients who met CASPAR criteria than in those who did not (67% vs 25%, p 0.01). In contrast, osteitis was present more frequently in patients who did not meet CASPAR criteria (80% vs 96% p 0.05) and pustulosis, although it was not statistically significant (50% vs 26%, p 0.07). Among patients who did not meet CASPAR criteria only 1 met the 5 classic SAPHO criteria and another 3 met 4.Table 1.Conclusion:Approximately one third (38%) of patients diagnosed with SAPHO meet criteria for psoriatic arthritis, the most notable variables being active psoriasis or a history of psoriasis. Synovitis manifests more frequently in patients with CASPAR criteria and osteitis more present in patients who did not meet them.Acknowledgments:Rheumatology Service of the Germans Trias i Pujol HospitalDisclosure of Interests:None declared

Barriers to Bystander Interventions for Sexual Assault: Impact of Personal History of Sexual Victimization

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110234
Author(s):  
Tylor Kistler ◽  
Gregory L. Stuart ◽  
Tara L. Cornelius
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Sexual Victimization ◽  
Bystander Intervention ◽  
Personal History ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
History Of ◽  
Actual Intervention ◽  
Bystander Behaviors

Bystander intervention programs have consistently demonstrated a positive change in communitywide norms regarding sexual assault. However, much of the extant research is limited by the failure to measure the prevalence of opportunities to intervene relative to actual intervention behavior and the failure to examine how bystander behaviors may be affected by a personal history of sexual victimization. The current study aims to determine the relationship between a bystander’s previous history of sexual victimization, perceived barriers to intervention, observed opportunities to intervene, and actual intervention behavior in a range of high-risk, low-risk, and post-assault bystander opportunities in undergraduate students. Male and female undergraduate students ( N = 591) completed retrospective measures of their opportunities for and intervention in a range of bystander behaviors and perceived barriers to intervention. They also reported on their personal history of sexual victimization. The results indicated that those with a history of sexual victimization tended to perceive greater barriers to intervention than those without such history. Notably, individuals with a victimization history reported that they were less likely to notice a risky situation and to identify the situation as dangerous. However, noticing or intervening did not vary across different types of bystander intervention situations. In terms of gender differences, although men reported perceiving greater barriers due to the diffusion of responsibility and fewer barriers related to audience inhibition and skill deficits when compared to women, there were no significant gender differences in intervention behavior. Data were situated within current empirical and theoretical models of sexual and intimate partner violence, and implications of these findings for bystander intervention programs and directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Authors Response: Tuberculosis and pulmonary candidiasis co-infection present in a previously healthy patient

2016 ◽  
pp. 177-177
Author(s):  
Dilia Mildret Fontalvo ◽  
Gustavo Jiménez Borré ◽  
Doris Gómez Camargo ◽  
Neylor Chalavé Jiménez ◽  
Javier Bellido Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Personal History ◽  
Primary Immunodeficiencies ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Congenital Disease ◽  
Recurrent Pneumonia ◽  
Liver Abscesses ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

In response to the note about the case described 1, we fully agree that immunodeficiency is not only the relationship with HIV infection, and that there are pathologies and different immunological and genetic conditions associated with it 2-4; the main ones were discarded in the patient. In the patient of the presented clinical case, there is no family history of primary immunodeficiencies. And in her personal history, there were not found any data related to recurrent infectious processes, either in childhood or present, which does not lead to suspicion of diseases with primary immunodeficiencies, in which recurrent infections would be expected as in the case of recurrent pneumonia, lung, spleen and liver abscesses, cervical, axillary and inguinal lymphadenitis, or bone and skin infections, as in the case of chronic granulomatous disease 5. For other primary immunodeficiencies provided by the reader, such as the case of X-linked agammaglobulinemia, this is a congenital disease that affects males and involves B lymphocytes and plasma cells, which are not the primary immune line in tuberculosis6, nor does it correspond to our case.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document