Alcohol Expectancy, Drinking Behavior, and Sexual Victimization Among Female and Male College Students

College students have high rates of heavy drinking, and this dangerous behavior is strongly linked to sexual victimization. Although research has examined risk factors for sexual assault, few studies have simultaneously studied the various pathways through which risks may affect sexual assault and how these pathways may be uniquely different among females and males. As such, the current study uses path analyses to examine whether alcohol expectancies mediate the relationship between social factors (e.g., hooking up, amount friends drink) and drinking behavior and experiencing sexual victimization, and whether drinking behavior mediates the relationship between alcohol expectancies and sexual victimization among a college sample of 704 males and females from a large Midwestern university. For both females and males, sexual victimization was positively associated with child sexual abuse, hooking up more often, and heavier drinking, whereas greater alcohol expectancies were associated with sexual victimization only for females. Several mediating pathways were found for both females and males. Gender comparisons revealed that some of the pathways to sexual victimization such as hooking up, amount friends drink, and housing type operated differently for females and males.

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Study on the Relationship between Gender-Role Stereotypes, Sexual Assault Awareness and Permissible limit in the College Students

Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing ◽

10.4069/kjwhn.2012.18.2.117 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 117 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Chung Sin Shim ◽

Young-Sook Lee ◽

Suk-Hee Oh

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Sexual Assault ◽

Gender Role ◽

Permissible Limit ◽

Gender Role Stereotypes ◽

The Relationship

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Examining the relationship between typical drinking behavior and 21st birthday drinking behavior among college students: implications for event-specific prevention

Addiction ◽

10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02518.x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 104 (5) ◽

pp. 760-767 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Melissa A. Lewis ◽

Kristen P. Lindgren ◽

Nicole Fossos ◽

Clayton Neighbors ◽

Laura Oster-Aaland

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Drinking Behavior ◽

The Relationship

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Alcohol Consumption and Looking for Alternatives to Drinking in College Students

Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy ◽

10.1891/0889-8391.3.1.69 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 69-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kevin J. Corcoran ◽

Michelle D. Carney

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Locus Of Control ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Social Learning Theory ◽

Heavy Drinking ◽

External Control ◽

Same Sex ◽

Alternative Behaviors ◽

Psychotherapy Clients ◽

The Relationship

Rotter (1978) has suggested that, within social learning theory, a generalized expectancy related to internal versus external control of reinforcement (“locus of control”) is that of “looking for alternatives.” Rotter suggests that psychotherapy clients may be taught to look for alternatives to their problematic behavior. Within this framework college students were surveyed to examine the relationship between alcohol consumption and expectancy of finding satisfying alternative behaviors to drinking. After assessing the frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption, subjects were presented with a description of a situation in which a same sex friend asked them to go out for a “couple of drinks.” They were then asked to rate on a scale of 1 to 100 how likely it was that there were satisfying alternatives to following the friend’s suggestion. Results supported the hypothesis that heavier drinkers had a significantly lower expectancy that satisfactory alternatives to drinking were available. Results are discussed in terms of research and intervention with heavy-drinking college students.

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Salience of Alcohol Expectancies and Drinking Outcomes

Journal of Drug Education ◽

10.2190/ru0v-6aya-kdhy-p191 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 43-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Finetta L. Reese

Keyword(s):

Heavy Drinking ◽

Alcohol Expectancies ◽

Hierarchical Regression ◽

Drinking Patterns ◽

Alcohol Expectancy ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Equal Importance ◽

Total Alcohol ◽

Alcohol Drinking Patterns ◽

Drinking Outcomes

There is a body of research which indicates that endorsement of positive alcohol expectancies predicts alcohol drinking patterns; however, there is inconsistency in the literature regarding which particular alcohol expectancies predict drinking. Although an individual may endorse a variety of alcohol expectancy beliefs, these beliefs may not be of equal importance to drinking decisions. This study investigated whether the prediction of drinking might be enhanced by considering salience of alcohol expectancies rather than mere endorsement. Hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated that expectancy salience significantly improved the prediction of total alcohol consumption above and beyond the effects of expectancy endorsement. Expectancy salience was less effective as a predictor of heavy drinking.

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The Mediating Roles of Hostility and Dissociation in the Relationship Between Sexual Assault and Suicidal Thinking in College Students

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260517698282 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (7-8) ◽

pp. 1635-1653 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kristy M. Keefe ◽

Melanie D. Hetzel-Riggin ◽

Naoyuki Sunami

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Sexual Assault ◽

Dialectical Behavior Therapy ◽

Current Model ◽

Anger Expression ◽

Future Research ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Suicidal Thinking ◽

The Relationship

Sexual assault and suicide are two serious public health concerns. Research has documented the relationship between sexual assault and suicidal thinking and attempts; however, limited research explores the more multifaceted relationships between posttraumatic stress reactions and suicidal ideation in college students through unsuccessful modulation of emotion. The authors hypothesized a mediation model where the relationship between sexual assault and suicidal ideation is mediated by dissociation and hostility. In total, 1,677 undergraduate students were administered modified versions of the Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire (TLEQ), Symptom Checklist–90–Revised (SCL-90-R), and Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire (PDEQ). The results revealed both significant partial but equal mediators of hostility and dissociation. However, a portion of the direct effect between sexual assault and suicidal ideation remained unaccounted for by indirect effects. The current model supports previous work on dialectical behavior therapy that says either side of the dialectic between extreme expression and suppression of hostility increases the likelihood of suicidal thinking after sexual assault. With sexual assault survivors, practitioners should use strategies that emphasize both anger expression and healthy avoidance as a way to modulate emotion to potentially reduce suicidal thoughts. Future research should focus on different gender models, additional possible mediators such as alcohol use and guilt, and different forms of sexual assault. Limitations of the correlational, cross-sectional methodology are discussed.

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Alcohol expectancies as a mediator of the relationship between injury and readiness to change drinking behavior.

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors ◽

10.1037/0893-164x.14.2.185 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 185-191 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Susan E. Ramsey ◽

Aruna Gogineni ◽

Ted D. Nirenberg ◽

Frank Sparadeo ◽

Richard Longabaugh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Readiness To Change ◽

Drinking Behavior ◽

Alcohol Expectancies ◽

The Relationship

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GENDER DIFFERENCES IN REACTIONS TO FEMALE VICTIMS

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.1994.22.3.267 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 267-277 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Cheryl E. Drout ◽

Samuel L. Gaertner

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Gender Differences ◽

Sexual Assault ◽

Gender Difference ◽

Behavioral Responses ◽

Just World ◽

Female Victims ◽

Male College ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship of gender and level of belief in the just world to reactions to victims. Eighty-six female and sixty-five male college students were led to believe that their partner in a study of work groups was a victim of a sexual assault. A gender difference in the choice of specific justice-restoring strategies was observed. While high just-world males provided significantly more help to victims than controls and low just-world males did not differentiate, female subjects distanced themselves from victims by perceiving them to be less similar to themselves than controls. Findings are discussed in relation to evidence that attempts to restore justice may evoke a multitude of cognitive and behavioral responses.

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