The Effects of Drive and Prior Training on External Inhibition in the Straight Alley

1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Blanchard
Keyword(s):  
Straight Alley ◽  
Prior Training ◽  
External Inhibition

scholarly journals QOLP-03. NEURO-ONCOLOGY PALLIATIVE CARE SURVEY OF PHYSICIANS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii175-ii175
Author(s):  
Ramya Tadipatri ◽  
Amir Azadi ◽  
Madison Cowdrey ◽  
Samuel Fongue ◽  
Paul Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Prior Training ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract BACKGROUND Early access to palliative care is a critical component of treating patients with advanced cancer, particularly for glioblastoma patients who have low rates of survival despite optimal therapies. Additionally, there are unique considerations for primary brain tumor patients given the need for management of headaches, seizures, and focal neurological deficits. METHODS We conducted a survey of 109 physicians in Sub-Saharan Africa in order to determine level of understanding and skill in providing palliative care, types of palliative care therapies provided, role of cultural beliefs, availability of resources, and challenges faced. Demographic data including age, gender, and prior training was collected and analyzed using ANOVA statistical testing. RESULTS Among the participants, 48% felt comfortable in providing palliative care consultations, 62% have not had prior training, 52% believed that palliative care is only appropriate when there is irreversible deterioration, 62% expressed having access to palliative care, 49% do not have access to liquid opioid agents, 50% stated that cultural beliefs held by the patient or family prevented them from receiving, palliative care, and 23% stated that their own beliefs affected palliative care delivery. Older providers (age > 30) had a clearer understanding of palliative care (p = 0.004), were more comfortable providing consultation (p = 0.052), and were more likely to address mental health (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Palliative care delivery to glioblastoma patients in Sub-Saharan Africa is often delayed until late in the disease course. Barriers to adequate palliative care treatment identified in this survey study include lack of training, limited access to liquid opioid agents, and cultural beliefs. Challenges most often identified by participants were pain management and end-of-life communication skills, but also included patient spirituality and psychological support, anxiety and depression, terminal dyspnea, ethics, and intravenous hydration and non-oral feeding.

scholarly journals Assessing and Harnessing the Power of Intergenerational Interactions in Mindfulness-Based Treatment Groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 834-835
Author(s):  
Deanna Dragan ◽  
Andrea Newman ◽  
Calia Torres ◽  
Keisha Carden ◽  
Sarah Letang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Group Cohesion ◽  
Therapist Training ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Prior Training ◽  
Group Interactions ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Mindfulness Skills ◽  
Student Therapists ◽  
Cohort Differences

Abstract Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) in individual and group formats, have been shown to be effective for a variety of psychological disorders. Due to the promising evidence supporting the wide applicability of mindfulness skills, graduate student therapists were trained to deliver groups that attracted diverse individuals across the lifespan. In these groups, therapists noted how intergenerational dynamics facilitated group cohesion and allowed for increased normalization of common challenges related to practicing mindfulness skills. Therapists’ prior training on cohort differences and treatment recommendations for older adults served as an important foundation to navigating these group interactions. Barriers to simultaneously collecting data and delivering intervention components were noted by the student therapists. Future research and therapist training gaps in knowledge related to effectively facilitating intergenerational groups were identified.

Cue Competition in Prospective Memory

1999 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 1011-1024
Author(s):  
Amy M. Richards ◽  
E. Evan Krauter
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Test Trial ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cue Competition ◽  
Prior Training ◽  
Blocking Group ◽  
Cue Words ◽  
The Relationship

Prospective memory refers to remembering to perform a previously planned activity. Two experiments were conducted to see if effects of cue competition similar to blocking and overshadowing occur in prospective memory. Participants were led to believe that the experiments were about the relationship between memory and creativity. To test prospective memory, participants were instructed to mark cue words that would appear later in a task requiring the generation of sentences. In Exp. 1 ( N = 119) one group was told to place an “x” over the cue word “rake”; a second was told to mark two words of equal salience (“method” and “rake”); and a third group was told to mark two cue words of unequal salience (the highly salient word “monad” and “rake”). “Rake” was the only cue word that actually appeared in the task involving generation of sentences. Participants instructed to place an “x” over one cue marked the target cue “rake” more frequently than if told to mark two cues (an overshadowing-like effect). The frequency of marking “rake” was lowest on the first test trial if participants had been instructed to mark both “rake” and “monad.” In Exp. 2 (N = 43) a blocking group was trained to mark one cue word (“rake”) and a control group received no training. Two days later, all participants were instructed to mark two cues (“rake” and “method”) during a task involving the generation of sentences. Prior training interfered with performance to a new cue (“method”) given in combination with the pretrained cue (“rake,” a blocking-like effect). These experiments demonstrate the existence of cue competition in prospective memory and suggest the possibility of applying theories of elementary associative learning to the study of prospective memory.

scholarly journals Analysis of knowledge on drug delivery

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-241
Author(s):  
Juan M. Carmona ◽  
Ana M. Baena ◽  
Ana C. Berral ◽  
Quintiliano Sotelo ◽  
Beatriz Recio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Medication Administration ◽  
Prior Training ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Analysis Of Knowledge ◽  
Improve Health

The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge of health professionals Hospital of Montilla on the administration of drugs in emergencies. Material: cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at the Hospital of Montilla (Córdoba). A questionnaire to doctors and nurses were distributed by random sampling during the month of December 2014. A survey of Machado de Azevedo et al. (2012) that consists of 9 items for the assessment of knowledge on medication administration was used. Results: The sample was composed of 59.1% of physicians and 40.9% of nurses with an average age of 38.05 (SD±8.981). Regarding the situation of respondents, 72.7% had received prior training. Regarding their own self-assessment, 72.7% considered to have a satisfactory knowledge of drug administration. 90.9% of respondents known to exist protocols on the administration of drugs in his unit. Discussion: Although the knowledge of drug delivery is acceptable for health workers, there are differences between the two analyzed collectives. Therefore, it would be ideal to perform adequate training and retraining of staff for optimal knowledge and, in this way, improve health care.

Chlorpromazine and Memory Consolidation

1965 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry E. Adams ◽  
L. J. Peacock ◽  
John F. Glenn
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Straight Alley ◽  
Learning Trial ◽  
Water Reward ◽  
Simple Task ◽  
Memory Traces ◽  
Main Effects

To determine whether chlorpromazine affects learning by disrupting memory traces 40 23-hr. water-deprived rats were given 1 trial per day in a straight alley maze for a water reward. The factorial design included (a) chlorpromazine vs saline and (b) injection 10 sec. after a learning trial vs injection 30 min. after a learning trial. All groups learned but there were no significant main effects or interaction, which indicates that chlorpromazine does not affect learning this simple task under water-deprivation.

Associations between Prior Disability-Focused Training and Disability-Related Attitudes and Perceptions among University Faculty

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Murray ◽  
Allison Lombardi ◽  
Carol T. Wren ◽  
Christopher Keys
Keyword(s):  
Faculty Attitudes ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
University Faculty ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Prior Training ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Students With Ld ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Time Faculty

This investigation examined the relationship between prior disability-focused training and university faculty members' attitudes towards students with learning disabilities (LD). A survey containing items designed to measure faculty attitudes was sent to all full-time faculty at one university. Analyses of 198 responses indicated that faculty who had received some form of disability-focused training scored higher on factors pertaining to Willingness to Provide Exam Accommodations, Fairness and Sensitivity, General Knowledge About LD, Willingness to Personally Invest in Students with LD, and personal actions, such as Inviting Disclosure and Providing Accommodations, and lower scores on negatively valenced factors than did faculty who had not received prior training. Faculty who had previously attended disability-related workshops and courses reported the most positive attitudes, followed by faculty who had participated in “other” forms of training (i.e., reading books and articles or visiting websites) and faculty who had received no prior training. The total number of types of training experienced and time spent engaged in training was predictive of faculty attitudes as well as faculty-reported satisfaction with prior training. Implications of the findings are discussed.

Generalization to Stimuli of Different Brightness in Three Straight-Alley Studies

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garvin McCain ◽  
B. L. Garrett
Keyword(s):  
Generalization Gradient ◽  
Straight Alley

Three experiments involving a total of 145 rats are reported; in each case the generalization gradient was approximately flat. The results pose some of the same questions as do Jensen and Cotton (1963) and other studies.

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