Drug distribution, not drug use, plages poor neighborhoods

The paper describes the situation of drugs and drug sources found available at the village level in Thailand. It concludes, from village-survey data (N = 195) and village case studies (N=15), that drugs are available in abundance. A vast variety of drugs, including prescription drugs, are available at various sources, of which the most common ones are grocery stores. The situation reflects the failure of the drug regulation system as well as the influence of commercial pharmaceutical sector in drug provision. This situation hampers attempts to rationalize drug use by consumers.

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Careers in Crack, Drug Use, Drug Distribution, and Nondrug Criminality

Crime & Delinquency ◽

10.1177/0011128795041003001 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 275-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Bruce D. Johnson ◽

Andrew Golub ◽

Jeffrey Fagan

Keyword(s):

Public Policy ◽

Drug Use ◽

Crack Cocaine ◽

Drug Distribution ◽

The Impact

The Careers in Crack Project examined the impact of crack cocaine on the lives of users and sellers of crack, heroin, and cocaine powder recruited in Manhattan in 1988-1989 (N = 1,003). This article summarizes findings that place in context and even debunk several myths about use of crack and the crack culture, presents insights into the crack epidemic and its impact on individuals, evaluates the vigorous public policy attempts to control use of crack, and suggests potentially more effective alternatives.

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How Many People Does the U.S. Imprison for Drug Use, and Who are They?

Contemporary Drug Problems ◽

10.1177/009145090503200305 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 405-428 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Jonathan P. Caulkins ◽

Eric L. Sevigny

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Drug Distribution ◽

Correctional Facilities ◽

Expected Time ◽

Drug Law ◽

Time Served ◽

The U.S

Data from the Survey of Inmates in Federal and State Correctional Facilities, 1997 are used to estimate the number of drug-law violators in U.S. prisons solely because of their drug use and not because of involvement in drug distribution or other offenses. The estimates (5,380 to 41,047) are much lower than would be implied by naively assuming that conviction for drug possession implies no involvement in drug distribution. Implied imprisonment risk per year of use is also low, perhaps an hour per year of use for marijuana, in part because expected time served is half that for those clearly involved in drug distribution.

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Distribution profiles of diphenhydramine and lidocaine in scalp, axillary, and pubic hairs measured by micro-segmental hair analysis: good indicator for discrimination between administration and external contamination of the drugs

Forensic Toxicology ◽

10.1007/s11419-021-00590-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kenji Kuwayama ◽

Hajime Miyaguchi ◽

Tatsuyuki Kanamori ◽

Kenji Tsujikawa ◽

Tadashi Yamamuro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Hair Analysis ◽

Scalp Hair ◽

Drug Distribution ◽

Drug Uptake ◽

Double Peak ◽

Segmental Analysis ◽

External Contamination ◽

Administration Routes ◽

Segmental Hair Analysis

Abstract Purpose Drug distribution in scalp hair can provide historical information about drug use, such as the date and frequency of drug ingestion. We previously developed micro-segmental hair analysis, which visualizes drug distribution at 0.4-mm intervals in individual hairs. The present study examines whether the distribution profiles of drugs can be markers for the administration or external contamination of the drugs using scalp, axillary, and pubic hairs. Methods A single dose of anti-itch ointment containing diphenhydramine (DP) and lidocaine (LD) was topically applied to the axillary or pubic areas of two volunteers; DP was also orally administered; and LD was intra-gingivally injected. Scalp, axillary, and pubic hairs were assessed using our micro-segmental analysis. Results The localization of DP and LD differed within individual scalp hair strands, implying DP and LD were predominantly incorporated into scalp hair via the bloodstream and via sweat/sebum, respectively, showing double-peak profiles. However, DP and LD were distributed along the shafts of axillary and pubic hairs without appearance of the double-peak profiles when the ointment had been applied to the axillary and pubic areas. The distributions of DP and LD in scalp hairs did not significantly differ according to administration routes, such as oral administration, gingival injection, and topical application. Conclusions Micro-segmental analysis revealed differences in the distribution profiles of drugs in hairs, and distinguished hairs with and without external contamination. These findings will be useful for understanding of the mechanism of drug uptake into hair and for estimating the circumstances for a drug use.

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Restrictions on the right to distribute information on the Internet in light of countering the spread of drugs

Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University Law ◽

10.21638/spbu14.2020.302 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 550-562

Author(s):

Vladimir N. Burlakov ◽

◽

Lilia N. Plotkina ◽

Anna S. Shchurova ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Drug Distribution ◽

The State ◽

The Internet ◽

Freedom Of Information ◽

Psychotropic Substances ◽

Use Of The Internet ◽

The Right ◽

The Impact

Digitalization has led not only to the expansion of the sphere of people’s communication space, but also to more effective illegal acts with substances that are prohibited from being circulated, in particular, narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, their analogues, or precursors (hereinafter abbreviated as drugs). Today, drug distribution has “gone online”, and the state is forced to restrict the right to freedom of information in order to make such distribution unsafe for drug traffickers. The article assesses the state of crimes committed in this area and analyzes the problem of the additional criminalization of actions that contribute to the spread of drugs through the use of the Internet. It is emphasized that the Internet’s capabilities contribute to drug trafficking to varying degrees, and specific actions are highlighted that increase drug use among the population. The authors come to the conclusion that the use of the Internet in drug crimes requires stricter responsibility not only for the sale of drugs, but also in relation to persuasion, both by involving a particular person in their consumption and by promoting drug use. Attention is paid to the psychological mechanism of drug dependence, the study of which is important for the prevention of drug related crimes. The conclusion is substantiated that the tendency to use drugs through the use of the Internet generates a combination of addictive behavior, in which there is interaction and complementarity in the quality of the impact on the person from the Internet and drugs. As a result, “Internet addiction” develops as a relatively new area of addiction. This explains why the first victims of the new addiction are teenagers who are firmly “stuck in the Internet web”, and how the negative impact of this web can be reduced.

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The social supply of pharmaceutical opioids

10.52922/sb04305 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tom Sullivan ◽

Isabella Voce

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Drug Distribution ◽

The Social ◽

Almost All

This study explores the prevalence, predictors and nature of the ‘social supply’ of pharmaceutical opioids among police detainees. Social supply refers to non-commercial drug distribution that occurs between family and friends. Analysing data from the Drug Use Monitoring in Australia program’s surveys of police detainees, this study finds that more than half of the respondents who had used pharmaceutical opioids for non-medical purposes had accessed these drugs through social supply methods. Almost all of these individuals had sourced the opioids from family and friends without paying and the remainder had swapped other drugs for them.

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Cytopathology of Cardiac Tissue from Daunomycin-Treated Mice

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100066802 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 550-551

Author(s):

Robert H. Liss ◽

Frances A. Cotton

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Tissue ◽

Cardiac Toxicity ◽

Drug Distribution ◽

Personal Communication ◽

Intravenous Dose ◽

Single Intravenous Dose ◽

Physiologic Saline ◽

Histopathologic Changes ◽

Distribution Studies ◽

Lung And Kidney

Daunomycin, an antibiotic used in the clinical management of acute leukemia, produces a delayed, lethal cardiac toxicity. The lethality is dose and schedule dependent; histopathologic changes induced by the drug have been described in heart, lung, and kidney from hamsters in both single and multiple dose studies. Mice given a single intravenous dose of daunomycin (10 mg/kg) die 6-7 days later. Drug distribution studies indicate that the rodents excrete most of a single dose of the drug as daunomycin and metabolite within 48 hours after dosage (M. A. Asbell, personal communication).Myocardium from the ventricles of 6 moribund BDF1 mice which had received a single intravenous dose of daunomycin (10 mg/kg), and from controls dosed with physiologic saline, was fixed in glutaraldehyde and prepared for electron microscopy.

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