Linguistic Context Effects on Attentional Control of Naming Pathways

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer H. Coane ◽  
Claudia Sanchez Gutierrez
2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Brysbaert ◽  
Ilse van Wijnendaele ◽  
Wouter Duyck

It is not easy to comment on Dijkstra and Van Heuven's model because there are many more aspects we agree with than aspects we feel uncomfortable about. Indeed, the BIA model has played an enormous role in showing us how bilingual visual word recognition can be achieved without recurrence to the intuitively appealing – but wrong – ideas of separate, language-specific lexicons and language-selective access. As in many other research areas, a working computational model has been much more influential in convincing critical readers (and researchers) than any series of empirical findings. The BIA+ model inherits this strength and, hopefully, in the coming years will be implemented in enough detail to exceed its predecessor. In the rest of this comment, we would like to put a cautionary note behind the temporal delay assumption introduced in the target article and provide some additional corroborating evidence for the lack of non-linguistic effects on early processes in the identification system.


2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet G. van Hell

Central questions in psycholinguistic studies on bilingualism are how bilinguals access words in their two languages, and how they control their language systems and solve the problem of cross-language competition. In their excellent paper “The architecture of the bilingual word recognition system: From identification to decision”, Dijkstra and Van Heuven expound their BIA+ model on bilingual word recognition. BIA+ builds on its predecessor BIA, one of the first connectionist models on bilingual word recognition. BIA+ preserves one of BIA's crucial assumptions, namely that the bilingual lexicon is integrated across languages and is accessed in a language non-selective way, an assumption that is supported in many empirical studies and that is now widely accepted in the bilingual literature. Compared to the original BIA model, the BIA+ architecture is further developed (in fact, much more so than the subtle ‘plus’ denotes). BIA+ now includes orthographic, as well as phonological and semantic representations in the word identification system, and a distinction is made between a word identification system and a task/decision system. This latter extension resembles the language task schemas in Green's (1998) Inhibitory Control model. Dijkstra and Van Heuven also distinguish between effects of linguistic and non-linguistic context on performance: linguistic context effects, that arise from lexical, syntactic and semantic sources, are assumed to affect the activity in the word identification system, whereas non-linguistic effects, that can arise from instruction, task demands or participant expectancies, are assumed to affect the task/decision system.


Competitive ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Nyi Raden nuraini Siti Fathonah

Kalimat ill-formed atau kalimat yang tidak sesuai dengan tata bahasa acapkali muncul di dalam tuturan pembelajar Bahasa Inggris,khususnya tuturan mahasiswa di sebuah politeknik swasta Bandung.. Dari hasil penelitian ini didapati kesalahan pembelajar Bahasa Inggris berupa penghilangan (omission), penambahan (addition), dan kesalahan bentuk (misformation). Penelitian terhadap kesalahan kalimat Bahasa Inggris sudah sering di-publish, namun belum ada penelitian yang menyertakan efek konteks terhadap pemahaman kalimat berstruktur kalimat yang salah.Kesalahan kalimat dapat terjadi pada level semantik, morfologi, pragmatik atau sintaksis. Dari penelitian terungkap fakta kalimat Ill-formed yang masih dapat dimengerti adalah kalimat yang tidak ada morfem gramatikal serta efek konteks fisik, epistemis dan linguistik yang dapat membantu pemahaman tuturan ill-formed mahasiswa. Dengan menggunakan tiga percakapan pembelajar dengan penutur Bahasa Inggris dari Jepang, Belanda dan Rusia penulis menganalisis efek konteks yang membantu inferensi pendengarnya. Kemunculan efek konteks yang membantu inferensi tuturan dari yang paling dominan adalah konteks fisik (64%) diikuti oleh konteks linguistik (29%) hingga efek konteks yang jarang muncul yaitu epistemis (7%). Untuk bentuk ill-formed yang muncul terdapat misformation dengan prosentase 60% dari jumlah tuturan ill-formed (15 kali) sehingga percakapan berlangsung tidak efisien karena ada pengulangan. Sementara itu kesalahan penghilangan (8%) sebanyak 2 kali. Penyebab kealahan pembelajar yang signifikan adalah false concept hypothesized yaitu 27%. Kata Kunci: Ill-formed, misformation, konteks, inferensi, efek konteks   Ill-formed sentences or sentences that are not in accordance with grammar often appear in the speech of English learners, especially the speech of students at a private polytechnic in Bandung. From the results of this study found the error of English learners in the form of omission, addition , and form errors (misformation). Research on English sentence errors has often been published, but no research has included context effects on sentence comprehension with the wrong sentence structure. Sentence errors can occur at semantic, morphological, pragmatic or syntactic levels. From the research revealed the facts of Ill-formed sentences that can still be understood are the sentences that have no grammatical morpheme and the effects of physical, epistemic and linguistic contexts that can help students understand ill-formed speech. By using three conversation learners with English speakers from Japan, the Netherlands and Russia the author analyzes the context effects that help the audience's inference. The emergence of context effects that help speech inference from the most dominant is the physical context (64%) followed by the linguistic context (29%) to the rarely emergent context effects that are epistemic (7%). For the ill-formed form that appears there is a misformation with a percentage of 60% of the amount of speech ill-formed (15 times) so that the conversation goes inefficient because there is a repetition. Meanwhile, omission errors (8%) twice. The significant cause of learning errors was a hypothesized false concept of 27%.


1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H Kelly ◽  
J.Kathryn Bock ◽  
Frank C Keil

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 164-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Healy ◽  
Aaron Treadwell ◽  
Mandy Reagan

The current study was an attempt to determine the degree to which the suppression of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and attentional control were influential in the ability to engage various executive processes under high and low levels of negative affect. Ninety-four college students completed the Stroop Test while heart rate was being recorded. Estimates of the suppression of RSA were calculated from each participant in response to this test. The participants then completed self-ratings of attentional control, negative affect, and executive functioning. Regression analysis indicated that individual differences in estimates of the suppression of RSA, and ratings of attentional control were associated with the ability to employ executive processes but only when self-ratings of negative affect were low. An increase in negative affect compromised the ability to employ these strategies in the majority of participants. The data also suggest that high attentional control in conjunction with attenuated estimates of RSA suppression may increase the ability to use executive processes as negative affect increases.


Author(s):  
Claude G. Čech ◽  
Edward J. Shoben
Keyword(s):  

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-225
Author(s):  
Nicholas P. Allan ◽  
Brian J. Albanese ◽  
Matt R. Judah ◽  
Caroline V. Gooch ◽  
Norman B. Schmidt

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