Dissociating Conflict Detection and Response Inhibition as Sources of Analytic Engagement Using a Rapid-Response Base-Rate Task

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Pennycook ◽  
Jonathan A. Fugelsang ◽  
Derek J. Koehler
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Conflict Detection ◽  
Base Rate ◽  
Rapid Response

Quantitative Relation between Conflict and Response Inhibition in the Flanker Task

2005 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Takezawa ◽  
Makoto Miyatani
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Preceding Trial ◽  
Conflict Detection ◽  
Quantitative Relation ◽  
Conflict Monitoring ◽  
Detection Mechanism ◽  
Response Facilitation ◽  
Distance Conditions

The 2001 conflict monitoring hypothesis of Botvinick and colleagues posits that the amount of conflict raised by incongruent stimuli in a flanker task affects subsequent cognitive control, such as response inhibition. The present experiment yielded empirical evidence of the quantitative relation between conflict and response inhibition. Participants judged the direction of a target arrow flanked by distractor arrows presented above and below the target. The amount of conflict was manipulated by varying the distance between the target and the directional distractors. Analysis showed that response times were longer for incongruent trials than for congruent trials, and response times on incongruent trials were longer for the small distance than for the large distance conditions. In addition, the response times in congruent trials became longer as the amount of conflict in the preceding trial increased. These results are consistent with Botvinick, et al.'s hypothesis that the conflict-detection mechanism determines the amount of response inhibition depending on the amount of conflict. Responses on incongruent trials were faster and more accurate when the preceding trial was incongruent than when it was congruent, and the size of this response facilitation was not influenced by the amount of conflict. These results suggest that the conflict detection mechanism modulates the subsequent behaviors by two forms of control which are differently affected by the amount of conflict.

The influence of conflict monitoring on meta-reasoning and response times in a base rate task

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 2548-2561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marin Dujmović ◽  
Pavle Valerjev
Keyword(s):  
Response Times ◽  
Conflict Detection ◽  
Base Rate ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Conflict Monitoring ◽  
Metacognitive Processes ◽  
Rate Information ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
The Impact

We examined the role of conflict monitoring processes in forming metacognitive judgements of confidence while performing base rate tasks. Recently proposed models of dual-process reasoning, as well as research, have shown that conflict detection might represent a link between Type 1 and Type 2 processing. Conflict detection has also been shown to affect metacognitive processes in reasoning tasks. By varying base rate probability and congruence, we generated base rate tasks of four distinct levels of congruence. The results of two experiments showed that participants were slower and less confident in conflict conditions regardless of their response. However, there were two distinct subsets of participants with different levels of sensitivity to conflict which resulted in different patterns of results when using low base rate ratios. In-depth analyses showed that the impact of base rate information in the formation of metacognitive judgements depended on congruence and response type. Base rate information was a more salient cue for metacognitive processes when responding according to base rates compared with responding according to belief. There is evidence that base rate information may serve as a direct cue for metacognition, independent of fluency.

scholarly journals Is Automation of Statistical Reasoning a Suitable Mindware in a Base-Rate Neglect Task?

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-466
Author(s):  
Klara Rapan ◽  
Pavle Valerjev
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Conflict Detection ◽  
Base Rate ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Statistical Reasoning ◽  
Reasoning Test ◽  
Base Rate Neglect ◽  
Task Efficiency ◽  
The Relationship

Until recently, studies within the dual-process approach were mainly focused on group differences in processing, and individual differences were neglected. However, individual differences have proven to be a significant factor in conflict detection efficiency and the overall success in base-rate neglect and similar tasks. This should be taken into consideration within the framework of the Hybrid Model of Dual Processing. New tendencies in the development of this model have focused attention on the degree of mindware instantiation as a predictor of base-rate neglect task efficiency. This study aimed to examine the relationship between mindware and base-rate neglect task efficiency and to test and explore the relationship between base-rate response frequency and conflict detection efficiency and the degree of mindware instantiation. All participants solved base-rate neglect tasks, made judgments of confidence in their responses, and solved the Statistical Reasoning Test, Cognitive Reflection Test and Numeracy Scale. We used the Statistical Reasoning Test as a measure of mindware instantiation. The degree of mindware instantiation was found to be the only significant predictor of base-rate neglect task efficiency and the results showed that participants with a higher degree of mindware instantiation generally made more base-rate responses. No correlation was found between the degree of mindware instantiation and conflict detection efficiency. These findings support the hypothesis that the power of logical intuition depends on the individual’s degree of mindware instantiation. Therefore, the results of this research indicate the importance of further research into the role of statistical reasoning in base-rate neglect task efficiency. However, we discuss that there are some methodological limitations in this research which might explain why the degree of mindware instantiation had no relationship with conflict efficiency.

Data Fail to Back Rapid Response Teams

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 8-9
Author(s):  
MARY ANN MOON
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Response ◽  
Rapid Response Teams

Conflict Monitoring Across the Life Span

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Czernochowski
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Conflict Detection ◽  
Response Conflict ◽  
Conflict Monitoring ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Additional Control ◽  
Performance Response ◽  
Conflict Detection And Resolution

Errors can play a major role for optimizing subsequent performance: Response conflict associated with (near) errors signals the need to recruit additional control resources to minimize future conflict. However, so far it remains open whether children and older adults also adjust their performance as a function of preceding response conflict. To examine the life span development of conflict detection and resolution, response conflict was elicited during a task-switching paradigm. Electrophysiological correlates of conflict detection for correct and incorrect responses and behavioral indices of post-error adjustments were assessed while participants in four age groups were asked to focus on either speed or accuracy. Despite difficulties in resolving response conflict, the ability to detect response conflict as indexed by the Ne/ERN component was expected to mature early and be preserved in older adults. As predicted, reliable Ne/ERN peaks were detected across age groups. However, only for adults Ne/ERN amplitudes associated with errors were larger compared to Nc/CRN amplitudes for correct trials under accuracy instructions, suggesting an ongoing maturation in the ability to differentiate levels of response conflict. Behavioral interference costs were considerable in both children and older adults. Performance for children and older adults deteriorated rather than improved following errors, in line with intact conflict detection, but impaired conflict resolution. Thus, participants in all age groups were able to detect response conflict, but only young adults successfully avoided subsequent conflict by up-regulating control.

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