The Syllable Frequency Effect in Lexical Decision: Phonological or Orthographic Processing?

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Conrad ◽  
Jonathan Grainger ◽  
Manuel Carreiras ◽  
Arthur Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Orthographic Processing ◽  
Frequency Effect ◽  
Syllable Frequency

scholarly journals Priming effects in the recognition of simple and complex words and pseudowords

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-222
Author(s):  
Miguel Lázaro ◽  
Víctor Illera ◽  
Javier Sainz
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Morphological Processing ◽  
Orthographic Processing ◽  
Frequency Effect ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
The Third ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
Intense Debate

AbstractWhether morphological processing of complex words occurs beyond orthographic processing is a matter of intense debate. In this study, morphological processing is examined by presenting complex words (brujería -> brujo –witchcraft -> witch), as well as simple (brujaña->brujo) and complex pseudowords (brujanza ->brujo), as primes in three masked lexical decision tasks. In the first experiment, the three experimental conditions facilitated word recognition in comparison to the control condition, but no differences emerged between them. Given the importance of the surface frequency effect observed, a second experiment was conducted. The results fully replicate those observed in the first one, but this time with low frequency targets. In the third experiment, vowels were removed from the stems of primes to reduce the orthographic overlap between primes and targets and, therefore, the influence of the embedded stem effect. The results show facilitative effects only for complex words. However, paired comparisons show no differences between experimental conditions. The overall results show the central role played by the processing of stems in visual word recognition and are explained in terms of current models of morphological processing.

Reading monomorphemic and compound words in Chinese

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Lei Cui ◽  
Tuomo Häikiö ◽  
Wenxin Zhang ◽  
Yuwei Zheng ◽  
Jukka Hyönä
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Word Type ◽  
Morphological Processing ◽  
Frequency Effect ◽  
Word Frequency Effect ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Recognition Time ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Dual Route ◽  
Dual Route Model

Abstract Two lexical decision experiments were conducted to study the recognition of two-character Chinese monomorphemic and compound words by adult native Chinese readers. In Experiment 1, the words appeared non-spaced, whereas in Experiment 2 a space was inserted between the two characters. An interaction between word type and spacing reflects a trend for spacing to slow down the recognition of monomorphemic words and speed up that of compound words. The word frequency effect was steeper for monomorphemic than compound words. The number of strokes in the first and the second character influenced the recognition time for compound words, but not for monomorphemic words. The results are interpreted in the light of the parallel dual route model of morphological processing. The holistic route is more prevalent in recognizing Chinese monomorphemic, while the morphological decomposition route is more prevalent in processing Chinese compound words.

Do We Have a “Mental Syllabary” in the Brain? An fMRI Study

Motor Control ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Brendel ◽  
Michael Erb ◽  
Axel Riecker ◽  
Wolfgang Grodd ◽  
Hermann Ackermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Frequency Effect ◽  
Speech Motor Control ◽  
Motor Execution ◽  
Syllable Frequency ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Speech Motor

The present study combines functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and reaction time (RT) measurements to further elucidate the influence of syllable frequency and complexity on speech motor control processes, i.e., overt reading of pseudowords. Tying in with a recent fMRI-study of our group we focused on the concept of a mental syllabary housing syllable sized ready-made motor plans for high- (HF), but not low-frequency (LF) syllables. The RT-analysis disclosed a frequency effect weakened by a simultaneous complexity effect for HF-syllables. In contrast, the fMRI data revealed no effect of syllable frequency, but point to an impact of syllable structure: Compared with CV-items, syllables with a complex onset (CCV) yielded higher hemodynamic activation in motor “execution” areas (left sensorimotor cortex, right inferior cerebellum), which is at least partially compatible with our previous study. We discuss the role of the syllable in speech motor control.

scholarly journals Frequency Effects with Visual Words and Syllables in a Dyslexic Reader

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 103-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prisca Stenneken ◽  
Markus Conrad ◽  
Florian Hutzler ◽  
Mario Braun ◽  
Arthur M. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Frequency Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Syllable Frequency ◽  
Frequency Effects ◽  
Visual Words ◽  
Reading Impairment ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Systematic Effects

The present study investigated the nature of the inhibitory syllable frequency effect, recently reported for normal readers, in a German-speaking dyslexic patient. The reading impairment was characterized as a severe deficit in naming single letters or words in the presence of spared lexical processing of visual word forms. Three visual lexical decision experiments were conducted with the dyslexic patient, an unimpaired control person matched to the patient and a control group: Experiment 1 manipulated the frequency of words and word-initial syllables and demonstrated systematic effects of both factors in normal readers and in the dyslexic patient. The syllable frequency effect was replicated in a second experiment with a more strictly controlled stimulus set. Experiment 3 confirmed the patient’s deficit in activating phonological forms from written words by demonstrating that a pseudohomophone effect as observed in the unimpaired control participants was absent in the dyslexic patient.

scholarly journals Syllable Frequency and Spoken Word Recognition

2016 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio González-Alvarez ◽  
María-Angeles Palomar-García
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Spoken Word Recognition ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Facilitatory Effect ◽  
Frequency Effect ◽  
Syllable Frequency ◽  
Relevant Role

Research has shown that syllables play a relevant role in lexical access in Spanish, a shallow language with a transparent syllabic structure. Syllable frequency has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on visual word recognition in Spanish. However, no study has examined the syllable frequency effect on spoken word recognition. The present study tested the effect of the frequency of the first syllable on recognition of spoken Spanish words. A sample of 45 young adults (33 women, 12 men; M = 20.4, SD = 2.8; college students) performed an auditory lexical decision on 128 Spanish disyllabic words and 128 disyllabic nonwords. Words were selected so that lexical and first syllable frequency were manipulated in a within-subject 2 × 2 design, and six additional independent variables were controlled: token positional frequency of the second syllable, number of phonemes, position of lexical stress, number of phonological neighbors, number of phonological neighbors that have higher frequencies than the word, and acoustical durations measured in milliseconds. Decision latencies and error rates were submitted to linear mixed models analysis. Results showed a typical facilitatory effect of the lexical frequency and, importantly, an inhibitory effect of the first syllable frequency on reaction times and error rates.

scholarly journals Representation of letter and syllable position in Korean orthographic processing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang ◽  
Kathleen Rastle
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Orthographic Processing ◽  
Reference Stimulus ◽  
Orthographic Representation ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Processing Stream ◽  
Orthographic Representations ◽  
Orthographic Coding ◽  
Korean Hangul ◽  
Syllable Position

Research suggests that readers of Korean Hangul are characterised by precise orthographic coding. In contrast to findings from many Indo-European languages, the recognition of Hangul words is not speeded by prior masked presentation of transposed-letter or transposed-syllable primes relative to substitution primes. The present studies asked whether evidence for precise orthographic coding is also observed in the same-different task – a task claimed to reflect pre-lexical orthographic representations. Experiments tested whether masked transposed-syllable (Experiment 1) or transposed-letter (Experiment 2) primes facilitate judgments about whether a target matches a reference stimulus. In contrast to previous results using lexical decision, robust transposition effects were observed in both cases compared to substitution primes. These findings add weight to the proposition that position invariance is a universal characteristic of orthographic representation, although results also raise questions about how the orthographic processing stream should be characterised.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document