The nose knows: On the relationship between embodiment and social judgment

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Chasse ◽  
Fade Eadeh ◽  
Stephanie Peak ◽  
N. Pontus Leander
Keyword(s):  
Social Judgment ◽  
The Relationship

The Relationship Between Spontaneous Trait Inferences and Spontaneous Situational Inferences: A Developmental Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Ningjuan Fang
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Impression Formation ◽  
Social Judgment ◽  
Developmental Approach ◽  
Recognition Probe ◽  
Spontaneous Trait Inferences ◽  
Trait Inferences ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chinese Children And Adolescents

Using a recognition probe paradigm, we examined the relationship between the strength of tendency to make spontaneous trait inferences (STIs) and the strength of tendency to make spontaneous situational inferences (SSIs) among 3 groups of Chinese children and adolescents (N = 144) aged 8, 11, and 14 years, respectively. The results showed that the children could make both STIs and SSIs simultaneously from the age of 8 years. Both 8- and 11-year-olds were more likely to make SSIs than STIs, but for the 11-year-olds there was no difference between the strength of tendency to make STIs and the strength of tendency to make SSIs. These results are discussed in the light of social judgment processes, and of cultural differences in spontaneous impression formation.

The unconditional ‘ought’: A theoretical model for the anthropology of morality

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Les Beldo
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Social Judgment ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Moral Discourse ◽  
Ontological Categories ◽  
The Relationship

Despite growing interest in the study of morality in anthropology, the field continues to be hindered by the lack of a common theoretical framework that adequately conceptualizes morality as an analytic concept and distinguishes it from other domains of social judgment. Drawing upon and critiquing efforts by Laidlaw and Zigon, I propose a theoretical model that recognizes morality as one of three kinds of ‘ought’ propositions. As a special kind of ‘ought’, moral judgment and practice imply prescriptive standards that are experienced as factual and unconditional, independent of prudence or consensus. The distinction between moral discourse and ‘embodied’ morality, as well as the relationship between morality and ontological categories such as personhood and self, are discussed in light of this understanding. The essay concludes with a brief analysis of moral discourse among members of organized atheist groups.

scholarly journals How Disgust Affects Social Judgments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoel Inbar ◽  
David Pizarro
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Social Judgment ◽  
Social Judgments ◽  
Moral Condemnation ◽  
Pathogen Avoidance ◽  
The Relationship

The emotion of disgust has been claimed to affect a diverse array of social judgments, including moral condemnation, inter-group prejudice, political ideology, and much more. We attempt to make sense of this large and varied literature by reviewing the theory and research on how and why disgust influences these judgments. We first describe two very different perspectives adopted by researchers on why disgust should affect social judgment. The first is the pathogen-avoidance account, which sees the relationship between disgust and judgment as resulting from disgust’s evolved function as a pathogen-avoidance mechanism. The second is the extended disgust account, which posits that disgust functions much more broadly to address a range of other threats and challenges. We then review the empirical evidence to assess how well it supports each of these perspectives, arguing that there is more support for the pathogen-avoidance account than the extended account. We conclude with some testable empirical predictions that can better distinguish between these two perspectives.

Wealth, Power, Status

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Cécile Gaubert ◽  
Eva Louvet
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Context ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Social Judgment ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
System Justification ◽  
High Status ◽  
High Position ◽  
Hierarchical Position ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract. The main purpose of the present research was to examine the moderating effect of system-justifying beliefs on the relationship between a target’s hierarchical position in an organizational context and perceived competence. Through three experiments we manipulated an employee’s hierarchical position in various ways and examined the effects on social judgment. Participants’ system-justifying beliefs were assessed in an ostensibly unrelated study. In Studies 1 and 2, as predicted, only participants high in system justification rated the high-position target as more competent than the low-position target. A very different pattern of results emerged when experimentally disentangling hierarchy based on status, and hierarchy based on power (Study 3). Individuals who are respected and admired by others (high-status individuals) were systematically valued on competence, whereas individuals who have asymmetric control over valued resources (high-power individuals) were derogated on competence by participants low in system justification. The present studies provide greater insight into how social judgment can function to maintain the existing social hierarchy, and offer novel empirical support to the widely accepted idea that status and power refer to theoretically different constructs.

Interstellar gas in the central region of the Galaxy

1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 239-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Galactic Plane ◽  
Neutral Hydrogen ◽  
Continuum Emission ◽  
Galactic Centre ◽  
Interstellar Gas ◽  
Hydrogen Recombination ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Centre Region ◽  
The Relationship

A review is given of information on the galactic-centre region obtained from recent observations of the 21-cm line from neutral hydrogen, the 18-cm group of OH lines, a hydrogen recombination line at 6 cm wavelength, and the continuum emission from ionized hydrogen.Both inward and outward motions are important in this region, in addition to rotation. Several types of observation indicate the presence of material in features inclined to the galactic plane. The relationship between the H and OH concentrations is not yet clear, but a rough picture of the central region can be proposed.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Choosing a Markov blanket

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Parr
Keyword(s):  
Markov Blanket ◽  
Target Article ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This commentary focuses upon the relationship between two themes in the target article: the ways in which a Markov blanket may be defined and the role of precision and salience in mediating the interactions between what is internal and external to a system. These each rest upon the different perspectives we might take while “choosing” a Markov blanket.

Tinkering with cognitive gadgets: Cultural evolutionary psychology meets active inference

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Benjamin Badcock ◽  
Axel Constant ◽  
Maxwell James Désormeau Ramstead
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Active Inference ◽  
Innovative Research ◽  
Cognitive Faculties ◽  
Cultural Evolutionary ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Cognitive Gadgets offers a new, convincing perspective on the origins of our distinctive cognitive faculties, coupled with a clear, innovative research program. Although we broadly endorse Heyes’ ideas, we raise some concerns about her characterisation of evolutionary psychology and the relationship between biology and culture, before discussing the potential fruits of examining cognitive gadgets through the lens of active inference.

Radiation Damage, Contrast and Statistics in High Resolution Biological Electron Microscopy

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 260-261
Author(s):  
Robert M. Glaeser
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Particle Flux ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Resolution Image ◽  
High Resolution Image ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Counting Statistics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Picture Element

It is well known that a large flux of electrons must pass through a specimen in order to obtain a high resolution image while a smaller particle flux is satisfactory for a low resolution image. The minimum particle flux that is required depends upon the contrast in the image and the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio at which the data are considered acceptable. For a given S/N associated with statistical fluxtuations, the relationship between contrast and “counting statistics” is s131_eqn1, where C = contrast; r2 is the area of a picture element corresponding to the resolution, r; N is the number of electrons incident per unit area of the specimen; f is the fraction of electrons that contribute to formation of the image, relative to the total number of electrons incident upon the object.

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