Item Types, Cognitive Strategies, and Gender Differences in Mental Rotation

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randi A. Doyle ◽  
Daniel Voyer
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Item Types

Photographs of real human figures: Item types and persistent sex differences in mental rotation

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 2411-2420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randi A Doyle ◽  
Daniel Voyer
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Embodied Cognition ◽  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Real ◽  
Improved Accuracy ◽  
Item Types

The goal of the current study was to provide a better understanding of the role of image familiarity, embodied cognition, and cognitive strategies on sex differences in performance when rotating blocks and photographs of real human bodies. Two new Mental Rotation Tests (MRTs) were created: one using photographs of real human models positioned as closely as possible to computer drawn figures from the human figures MRT used in Doyle and Voyer’s 2013 study, and one using analogous block figures. It was hypothesised that, when compared to the analogous block figures, the real human figures would lead to improved accuracy among both men and women, a reduced magnitude of sex differences in accuracy, and a reduced effect of occlusion on women’s performance when compared to analogous block figures. The three-way interaction between test, sex, and occlusion reported in Doyle and Voyer’s 2013 study was not replicated in the current study. However, women’s scores on the real human figures improved significantly more than men’s scores on the real human figures test compared to gender differences in improvement on the block figures test. This finding points to a greater strategy shift among women than men when rotating human figures.

Space Representation and Gender Differences

2018 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Spatial Cognition ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Space Representation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Analytical Strategies ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Scientific literature highlighted gender differences in spatial orientation. In particular, men and women differ in terms of the navigational processes they use in daily life. Scientific literature highlighted that women use analytical strategies while men tend to use holistic strategies. According to classical studies, males show a net advantage at least in the two categories of mental rotation and spatial perception. Subsequently, brain-imaging studies have shown a difference between males and females in the activity of brain regions involved in spatial cognition tasks. What we can say with certainty is that, given the complex nature of the subprocesses involved in what we call spatial cognition, the gender differences recorded by numerous scientific studies conducted in this field are closely related to specific measured abilities. The evidence that emerges with certainty from diverse studies is, however, that of a huge variety of strategies that differ according to sex, context, purpose to reach, education, age, and profession. In the study presented here, the gender and age-related tests show a significant sex-based difference perspective-taking tasks, but there is no gender-based difference in the mental rotation task.

Item type, occlusion, and gender differences in mental rotation

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1530-1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randi A. Doyle ◽  
Daniel Voyer ◽  
Maryani Lesmana
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Item Type ◽  
And Gender

Hemisphere and Gender Differences in Mental Rotation

1993 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Uecker ◽  
J.E. Obrzut
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Mental Rotation ◽  
And Gender

A voxel-by-voxel parametric fMRI study of motor mental rotation: hemispheric specialization and gender differences in neural processing efficiency

2008 ◽  
Vol 189 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peka S. Christova ◽  
Scott M. Lewis ◽  
Georgios A. Tagaris ◽  
Kâmil Uğurbil ◽  
Apostolos P. Georgopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Hemispheric Specialization ◽  
Neural Processing ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
And Gender

Brief Report. The PCL-R and Gender

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Grann
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Violent Offenders ◽  
Matched Pairs ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist Revised ◽  
And Gender

Summary: Hare's Psychopathy Checklist - Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 1991 ) was originally constructed for use among males in correctional and forensic settings. In this study, the PCL-R protocols of 36 matched pairs of female and male violent offenders were examined with respect to gender differences. The results indicated a few significant differences. By means of discriminant analysis, male Ss were distinguished from their female counterparts through their relatively higher scores on “callous/lack of empathy” (item 8) and “juvenile delinquency” (item 18), whereas the female Ss scored relatively higher on “promiscuous sexual behavior” (item 11). Some sources of bias and possible implications are discussed.

Personal Problem Solving of Partners in Divorce Proceedings

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tereza Soukupova ◽  
Petr Goldmann
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Thematic Apperception Test ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Personal Problem ◽  
Thematic Apperception ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Given

Abstract. The Thematic Apperception Test is one of the most frequently administered apperceptive techniques. Formal scoring systems are helpful in evaluating story responses. TAT stories, made by 20 males and 20 females in the situation of legal divorce proceedings, were coded for detection and comparison of their personal problem solving ability. The evaluating instrument utilized was the Personal Problem Solving System-Revised (PPSS-R) as developed by G. F. Ronan. The results indicate that in relation to card 1, men more often than women saw the cause of the problem as removable. With card 6GF, women were more motivated to resolve the given problem than were men, women had a higher personal control and their stories contained more optimism compared to men’s stories. In relation to card 6BM women, more often than men, used emotions generated from the problem to orient themselves within the problem. With card 13MF, the men’s level of stress was less compared to that of the women, and men were more able to plan within the context of problem-solving. Significant differences in the examined groups were found in those cards which depicted significant gender and parental potentials. The TAT can be used to help identify personality characteristics and gender differences.

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