Zero tolerance policies and practices: Review and recommendations From the APA Task Force

Background:Although a number of environmental and policy interventions to promote physical activity are being widely used, there is sparse systematic information on the most effective approaches to guide population-wide interventions.Methods:We reviewed studies that addressed the following environmental and policy strategies to promote physical activity: community-scale urban design and land use policies and practices to increase physical activity; street-scale urban design and land use policies to increase physical activity; and transportation and travel policies and practices. These systematic reviews were based on the methods of the independent Task Force on Community Preventive Services. Exposure variables were classified according to the types of infrastructures/policies present in each study. Measures of physical activity behavior were used to assess effectiveness.Results:Two interventions were effective in promoting physical activity (community-scale and street-scale urban design and land use policies and practices). Additional information about applicability, other effects, and barriers to implementation are provided for these interventions. Evidence is insufficient to assess transportation policy and practices to promote physical activity.Conclusions:Because community- and street-scale urban design and land-use policies and practices met the Community Guide criteria for being effective physical activity interventions, implementing these policies and practices at the community-level should be a priority of public health practitioners and community decision makers.

Download Full-text

SAE Automotive Human Factors Standards: Finding Them and What They Contain

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/1071181319631373 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 582-586

Author(s):

Paul Green

Keyword(s):

Human Factors ◽

Performance Measures ◽

Web Site ◽

Task Force ◽

Steering Committee ◽

Driving Performance ◽

Teaching Materials ◽

Development Organizations ◽

Research Publications ◽

Policies And Practices

An HFES Task Force is considering if, when, which, and how HFES research publications should require the citation of relevant standards, policies, and practices. To support the Task Force activities, papers are being written about how to find relevant standards produced by various development organizations (such as the Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE) and the content of those standards. This paper describes which groups at SAE produce standards, with a focus on the SAE Safety and Human Factors Steering Committee. This paper also gives a step-by-step description of how to find standards on the SAE web site and obtain copies. In addition, in order to contextualize content, example sections from 1 standard, SAE J2944, Operational Definitions of Driving Performance Measures and Statistics, are provided. Also included are references to other materials on finding standards and standards-related teaching materials.

Download Full-text

A Statement of Commitment to Zero Tolerance of Harassment and Discrimination in Schools and Programs of Public Health

Public Health Reports ◽

10.1177/0033354920921816 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 135 (4) ◽

pp. 534-538

Author(s):

Perry N. Halkitis ◽

Linda Alexander ◽

Kauline Cipriani ◽

John Finnegan ◽

Wayne Giles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Task Force ◽

Zero Tolerance ◽

Public Health Education ◽

Well Being ◽

Shared Knowledge ◽

Policy Statement ◽

Public Health Programs ◽

The Public ◽

Health And Well Being

The Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health convened a Task Force on Zero Tolerance of Harassment and Discrimination in 2019 to develop a policy statement and strategies for addressing harassment of all types in institutions offering public health education. We outline the premises and scholarly foundation for the development of the Statement of Commitment to Zero Tolerance of Harassment and Discrimination, the statement itself, and future plans for realizing the aspiration established in the statement. The development of this living document is predicated on the belief that it is the core responsibility of academic institutions to build the knowledge and that it is the responsibility of leaders, namely deans of schools of public health and directors of public health programs, to lead in building the shared knowledge and insist on the practices that create institutions for a better future free of harassment and discrimination. Our statement is informed by the knowledge that aggressions in the form of harassment and discrimination undermine the health and well-being of individuals, the public, and populations.

Download Full-text

Open Science and Feminist Ethics: Promises and Challenges of Open Access

Psychology of Women Quarterly ◽

10.1177/03616843211030926 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 036168432110309

Author(s):

Mary M. Brabeck

Keyword(s):

Open Access ◽

Ethical Issues ◽

Task Force ◽

Open Science ◽

Data Sets ◽

Feminist Ethics ◽

Psychology Of Women ◽

Recent Scholarship ◽

Access Policies ◽

Policies And Practices

Open science advocates argue that making data sets, studies, methodologies, and other aspects of research free from publication fees and available to scholars will increase collaborations, access, and dissemination of knowledge. In this article, I argue that open access policies and practices raise both feminist and ethical issues. I reflect on the five themes of feminist ethics identified 20 years ago by a task force of the Society for the Psychology of Women. I update the themes with recent scholarship of feminist philosophers and ethicists, and I use the themes to raise questions about the promises and challenges of open access. Throughout, I offer suggestions for all who seek to make knowledge of human psychology more complete and more accessible to more people. I conclude by offering recommendations informed by feminist ethics to those building the policies and practices of open access.

Download Full-text

Restorative practices and the integration of social emotional learning as a path to positive school climates

Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning ◽

10.1108/jrit-08-2017-0015 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 110-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Kristina Hulvershorn ◽

Shaila Mulholland

Keyword(s):

School Discipline ◽

Task Force ◽

Zero Tolerance ◽

Social Emotional Learning ◽

School Context ◽

Emotional Learning ◽

Unintended Effects ◽

Restorative Practices ◽

Social Emotional ◽

Content Type

Purpose An understanding of the effects of zero tolerance policies in schools has resulted in rethinking of approaches to prevent conflict and creating a healthy school climate. Restorative practices (RP) have been looked to as an alternative to zero tolerance policies. At the same time, social emotional learning (SEL) programming has been implemented to provide students with the skills to communicate and build relationships with peers. The purpose of this paper is to provide a look at the historical context shaping the development of RP, and explore connections between RP and SEL. Considerations for implementation and conceptual models for implementing RP are also discussed. Design/methodology/approach Informed by education policy analysis methods, this essay places RP in their broader context, explores RP and considers such practices important to study due to the unintended effects stemming from “traditional” obedience-oriented punitive approaches to school discipline (American Psychological Association Zero Tolerance Task Force, 2008; O’Malley and Austin, 2014). Findings Based on the analysis of current research, the authors explain that when RP are implemented with SEL programming, it is an opportunity for educational practitioners to address issues around race, gender, disability, and other aspects of diversity. By integrating these approaches together, RP become a vehicle to develop students’ SEL skills, which includes communication skills, kindness, empathy, and caring. Research limitations/implications An understanding of how zero tolerance policies have played out in the school setting has resulted in rethinking of current approaches to preventing conflict. Subsequently, educational leaders and professional associations have led a shift toward alternative models and practices in school discipline. Practical implications District, state, and federal policymakers have pressed for more constructive alternatives that foster a productive and healthy instructional climate without depriving large numbers of students the opportunity to learn (Skiba and Losen, 2016, p. 4). These approaches include RP, as well as integrating SEL into school practices and the curriculum. Social implications Several challenges and opportunities lie ahead. Based on the firsthand work with schools and districts implementing restorative and SEL practices, as well as the knowledge and insights gained from this analysis of research, one important need to consider is the need to integrate school disciplinary practices, including RP, into the school context and existing structures. Originality/value By conducting this study of the research evidence on RP, the authors were able to gain insights into questions, including: How have school practitioners applied RP as an alternative to zero tolerance policies?

Download Full-text

Application Of Electron Microscopy To Automotive Finish Defect Analysis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100134892 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 258-259

Author(s):

Martin J. Mahon ◽

Patrick W. Keating ◽

John T. McLaughlin

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Zero Tolerance ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

Plant Management ◽

Defect Analysis ◽

X Ray ◽

Root Cause ◽

Cutting Out ◽

Foreign Materials ◽

Automotive Finish

Coatings are applied to appliances, instruments and automobiles for a variety of reasons including corrosion protection and enhancement of market value. Automobile finishes are a highly complex blend of polymeric materials which have a definite impact on the eventual ability of a car to sell. Consumers report that the gloss of the finish is one of the major items they look for in an automobile.With the finish being such an important part of the automobile, there is a zero tolerance for paint defects by auto assembly plant management. Owing to the increased complexity of the paint matrix and its inability to be “forgiving” when foreign materials are introduced into a newly applied finish, the analysis of paint defects has taken on unparalleled importance. Scanning electron microscopy with its attendant x-ray analysis capability is the premier method of examining defects and attempting to identify their root cause.Defects are normally examined by cutting out a coupon sized portion of the autobody and viewing in an SEM at various angles.

Download Full-text