Preventing Conduct Disorder in Children at High Risk: Congressional Briefing on Raising Healthy Children: Recent Evidence from Developmental Science, September 22, 2011

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth A. Dodge
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Developmental Science

Spot urine protein creatinine ratio compared with dipstick proteinuria as a primary screening tool for renal disease in a community setting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Abel Alao ◽  
Asinobi OA ◽  
Ibrahim OR ◽  
Lagunju IA
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Urine Protein ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Primary Screening ◽  
Dipstick Urinalysis

Abstract Background Although, the use of manual dipstick urinalysis for proteinuria has been a common practice, the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guideline on screening for chronic renal disease least advocate it use. Besides, several studies have assessed the performance of dipstick urinary in screening for proteinuria to be inaccurate, unreliable with a poor predictive values. The goal of this study was to determine and compare the presence of significant proteinuria (SP) in high-risk African children using the spot urine protein creatinine ratio (UPr/UCr) as a primary screening tool besides dipstick proteinuria screening. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 1,316 apparently healthy children recruited through a multi-stage sampling technique in Ogbomoso land, Nigeria. We performed a dipstick urinalysis on early-morning urine samples. Urinary protein content was determined using a turbidimetric method and Jaffe’s reaction to measure the urinary creatinine concentration. Statistical analysis was performed using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS)TM, Version 23.0 for Windows. Results The prevalence of SP using spot UPr/UCr (≥ 0.2) and dipstick proteinuria screening (≥1+) were 18% and 0.8%, respectively (p<0.001). Of the 224 subjects determined to have SP using UPr/UCr, the females (140; 20.1%) had a higher proportion compared to males (84; 15.4% -p=0.032). Nephrotic range proteinuria was detected in nine out of 10 subjects (90%) using UPr/UCr but in only three out of ten (30%) using the urinary dipstick method. The biserial correlation coefficient (r= 0.092; p=0.001) and inter-rater-agreement (Cohen’s Kappa = 0.01) were poor, and the McNemar’s test result was (p<0.001). Conclusion The UPr/UCr ratio technique appeared to perform better than dipstick urinalysis as a primary screening tool for renal disease. Hence, it may be adopted for early detection of SP as a kidney disease marker especially among the high risk population.

scholarly journals Increase of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps, Mitochondrial DNA and Nuclear DNA in Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes Children but Not in High-Risk Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Skoglund ◽  
Daniel Appelgren ◽  
Ingela Johansson ◽  
Rosaura Casas ◽  
Johnny Ludvigsson
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Endogenous Insulin ◽  
Hla Genotypes ◽  
Endogenous Insulin Production

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are inflammatory mediators involved in the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Pancreas-infiltrating neutrophils can release NETs, contributing to the inflammatory process. Levels of NETs are increased in serum from patients with T1D and mtDNA is increased in adult T1D patients. Our aim was to investigate extracellular DNA (NETs, mtDNA and nuclear DNA) in children with newly diagnosed T1D and in children at high risk of the disease. We also elucidated if extracellular DNA short after diagnosis could predict loss of endogenous insulin production. Samples were analysed for mtDNA and nuclear DNA using droplet digital PCR and NETs were assessed by a NET-remnants ELISA. In addition, in vitro assays for induction and degradation of NETs, as well as analyses of neutrophil elastase, HLA genotypes, levels of c-peptide, IL-1beta, IFN and autoantibodies (GADA, IA-2A, IAA and ZnT8A) were performed. In serum from children 10 days after T1D onset there was an increase in NETs (p=0.007), mtDNA (p&lt;0.001) and nuclear DNA (p&lt;0.001) compared to healthy children. The elevated levels were found only in younger children. In addition, mtDNA increased in consecutive samples short after onset (p=0.017). However, levels of extracellular DNA short after onset did not reflect future loss of endogenous insulin production. T1D serum induced NETs in vitro and did not deviate in the ability to degrade NETs. HLA genotypes and autoantibodies, except for ZnT8A, were not associated with extracellular DNA in T1D children. Serum from children with high risk of T1D showed fluctuating levels of extracellular DNA, sometimes increased compared to healthy children. Therefore, extracellular DNA in serum from autoantibody positive high-risk children does not seem to be a suitable biomarker candidate for prediction of T1D. In conclusion, we found increased levels of extracellular DNA in children with newly diagnosed T1D, which might be explained by an ongoing systemic inflammation.

Neuropsychological Evaluation of High-Risk Children from Birth to Seven Years of Age

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Nogueira Cruz ◽  
Carolina Laynez Rubio ◽  
Francisco Cruz Quintana ◽  
Miguel Perez Garcia
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Current Psychological ◽  
Development Objectives ◽  
High Risk Children

High Risk Children (HRC) are those with an increased risk of abnormal development due to any factor affecting neurological growth. Those factors have been the focus of most studies in this area. However, little is known about their long-term consequences over the course of child development. Objectives: the goal was to study the cognitive, emotional and academic outcomes of 7-year-old children diagnosed as HRC at birth. Method: We compared 14 HRC and 20 healthy children using the WISC-IV, BASC and Brunet-Lezine tests. Results: HRC showed cognitive, emotional and academic deficits compared with healthy children. However, Brunet-Lezine scores obtained over the course of development (6, 12, 18 and 24 months) were not predictive of the children's' current psychological status. Conclusions: long-term follow-up with HRC should be maintained until 7 years of age, at which point an appropriate treatment should be implemented.

scholarly journals The validity of conduct disorder symptom profiles in high-risk male youth

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1537-1546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Aebi ◽  
Steffen Barra ◽  
Cornelia Bessler ◽  
Susanne Walitza ◽  
Belinda Plattner
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Symptom Profiles ◽  
Disorder Symptom

Validation of an Early Language Milestone Scale in a High-Risk Population

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 677-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Coplan ◽  
John R. Gleason ◽  
Rita Ryan ◽  
Michael G. Burke ◽  
Margaret L. Williams
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Developmental Disability ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Clinical Psychologist ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Early Language ◽  
Speech Pathologist ◽  
Language Evaluations

Detailed language evaluations were obtained by interviewing the parents of 191 healthy children aged 0 to 3 years, and by testing the children themselves. From these data, normative values were derived for 41 language milestones in the first 36 months of life. These values were used to construct the Early Language Milestone Scale (ELM Scale), a brief language assessment tool suitable for use by general pediatricians. Physician use of the ELM Scale in a population of 119 children considered at high risk for the presence of developmental disability yielded 97% sensitivity and 93% specificity for the ELM Scale as a detector of developmentally delayed children, when compared with more formal developmental measures as applied by a clinical psychologist or speech pathologist. Early language milestones are a sensitive indicator of developmental integrity; delayed achievement of early language milestones strongly suggests the presence of a significant underlying developmental disability. The ELM Scale may be adopted as a valid measure of developmental status among children considered at high risk for the presence of developmental disabilities.

Increased Dental Trauma in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Treated with Methylphenidate – A Pilot Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Katz-Sagi ◽  
M Redlich ◽  
T Brinsky-Rapoport ◽  
I Matot ◽  
D Ram
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Dental Trauma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Anterior Teeth

The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the prevalence of trauma to incisor teeth in children with normal overjet and lip competence, treated with methylphenidate (Ritalin) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The study group consisted of 24 children (19 boys, 5 girls) aged 5-12 years (mean 8.45±2.25), diagnosed with ADHD and treated with methylphenidate at a minimal dosage of 10 mg per day. The control group consisted of 22 healthy children (13 boys, 9 girls) aged 5-12 years (mean 9.15±2.28). The dental examination included incisor relation measurements in the anterior segment (overjet), which was recorded using an orthodontic ruler. Lip competence was clinically determined, and anterior teeth were examined for dental trauma. The prevalence of dental trauma was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (29.1% vs. 4.5% P = 0.02, t-test one tail). In conclusion, children with ADHD treated with methylphenidate have a high-risk for dental trauma. We believe that preventing dental trauma in this high risk group is possible. Consequently, the pediatrician and all medical staff attending to these children should encourage parents to consult frequently with a pediatric dentist to diagnose dental trauma and provide early treatment when needed.

scholarly journals Plasma Levels of Soluble HLA-E and HLA-F at Diagnosis May Predict Overall Survival of Neuroblastoma Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Morandi ◽  
Giuliana Cangemi ◽  
Sebastiano Barco ◽  
Loredana Amoroso ◽  
Maria Giuliano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Serum Biomarkers ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Event Free Survival ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Soluble Hla ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Patient’S Outcome

The purpose of this study was to identify the plasma/serum biomarkers that are able to predict overall survival (OS) of neuroblastoma (NB) patients. Concentration of soluble (s) biomarkers was evaluated in plasma (sHLA-E, sHLA-F, chromogranin, and B7H3) or serum (calprotectin) samples from NB patients or healthy children. The levels of biomarkers that were significantly higher in NB patients were then analyzed considering localized or metastatic subsets. Finally, biomarkers that were significantly different in these two subsets were correlated with patient’s outcome. With the exception of B7H3, levels of all molecules were significantly higher in NB patients than those in controls. However, only chromogranin, sHLA-E, and sHLA-F levels were different between patients with metastatic and localized tumors. sHLA-E and -F levels correlated with each other but not chromogranin. Chromogranin levels correlated with different event-free survival (EFS), whereas sHLA-E and -F levels also correlated with different OS. Association with OS was also detected considering only patients with metastatic disease. In conclusion, low levels of sHLA-E and -F significantly associated with worse EFS/OS in the whole cohort of NB patients and in patients with metastatic NB. Thus, these molecules deserve to be tested in prospective studies to evaluate their predictive power for high-risk NB patients.

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