Do the processing speed index and working memory index of the WAIS-IV predict performance on the Stroop Color-Word task?

Abstract. Objective: Deficits in basic numerical skills, calculation, and working memory have been found in children with developmental dyscalculia (DD) as well as children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This paper investigates cognitive profiles of children with DD and/or ADHD symptoms (AS) in a double dissociation design to obtain a better understanding of the comorbidity of DD and ADHD. Method: Children with DD-only (N = 33), AS-only (N = 16), comorbid DD+AS (N = 20), and typically developing controls (TD, N = 40) were assessed on measures of basic numerical processing, calculation, working memory, processing speed, and neurocognitive measures of attention. Results: Children with DD (DD, DD+AS) showed deficits in all basic numerical skills, calculation, working memory, and sustained attention. Children with AS (AS, DD+AS) displayed more selective difficulties in dot enumeration, subtraction, verbal working memory, and processing speed. Also, they generally performed more poorly in neurocognitive measures of attention, especially alertness. Children with DD+AS mostly showed an additive combination of the deficits associated with DD-only and A_Sonly, except for subtraction tasks, in which they were less impaired than expected. Conclusions: DD and AS appear to be related to largely distinct patterns of cognitive deficits, which are present in combination in children with DD+AS. 

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Do positive emotions improve working memory and processing speed in dyslexic learners?

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e537902012-178 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

S. J. Boo

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Processing Speed ◽

Positive Emotions ◽

Improve Working

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Verbal fluency in male and female schizophrenia patients: Different patterns of association with processing speed, working memory span, and clinical symptoms.

Neuropsychology ◽

10.1037/neu0000394 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 65-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Gildas Brébion ◽

Christian Stephan-Otto ◽

Susana Ochoa ◽

Lourdes Nieto ◽

Montserrat Contel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Processing Speed ◽

Verbal Fluency ◽

Memory Span ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Male And Female

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Effects of Semi-structured DIRFloortime® Therapy Using Board Games on Verbal Comprehension and Processing Speed Index in Children With High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders

The Korean Society of Cognitive Therapeutic Exercise ◽

10.29144/kscte.2018.10.2.035 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 35-44

Author(s):

Hee-Seung Chung

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽

Processing Speed ◽

High Functioning Autism ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Verbal Comprehension ◽

High Functioning ◽

Board Games ◽

Processing Speed Index ◽

Spectrum Disorders

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QOL-01. LONGITUDINAL COMPARISON OF NEUROCOGNITIVE TRAJECTORIES IN PEDIATRIC MEDULLOBLASTOMA PATIENTS TREATED WITH PROTON VERSUS PHOTON RADIOTHERAPY

Neuro-Oncology ◽

10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.667 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. iii431-iii431

Author(s):

Lisa Kahalley ◽

Rachel Peterson ◽

M Douglas Ris ◽

Laura Janzen ◽

M Fatih Okcu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Processing Speed ◽

Parental Education ◽

Normal Brain ◽

Treatment Protocols ◽

Pediatric Medulloblastoma ◽

Boost Dose ◽

Perceptual Reasoning ◽

Photon Radiotherapy ◽

Over Time

Abstract PURPOSE By reducing dose to normal brain tissue, proton radiotherapy (PRT) may lessen neurocognitive risk traditionally associated with photon radiotherapy (XRT). We examined change in neurocognitive scores over time in pediatric medulloblastoma patients treated with PRT versus XRT. METHODS Neurocognitive scores from 79 patients (37 PRT, 42 XRT) were examined. Patients were treated between 2007–2018 on the same treatment protocols that differed only by craniospinal modality (PRT versus XRT). Change in scores over time since diagnosis were compared between groups. RESULTS Groups were similar on most demographic/clinical variables: sex (67.1% male), age at diagnosis (mean 8.6 years), CSI dose (median 23.4 Gy), length of follow-up (mean 4.3 years), and parental education (mean 14.3 years). Boost dose (p<0.001) and margin (p=0.001) differed between groups. Adjusting for covariates, the PRT group exhibited superior outcomes in global IQ, perceptual reasoning, and working memory versus the XRT group (all p<0.05). The XRT group exhibited significant decline in global IQ, working memory, and processing speed (all p<0.05). The PRT group exhibited stable scores in all domains except processing speed (p=0.003). Posterior fossa syndrome imparted risk independent of modality. CONCLUSION This is the first study comparing neurocognitive trajectories between pediatric patients treated for medulloblastoma with PRT versus XRT on comparable, contemporary protocols. PRT was associated with more favorable neurocognitive outcomes in most domains compared to XRT, although processing speed emerged as vulnerable in both groups. This is the strongest evidence to date of an intellectual sparing advantage with PRT in the treatment of pediatric medulloblastoma.

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Correlating cognition and cortical excitability with pain in fibromyalgia: a case control study

Advances in Rheumatology ◽

10.1186/s42358-021-00163-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Vikas Kumar Tiwari ◽

Srishti Nanda ◽

Suvercha Arya ◽

Uma Kumar ◽

Ratna Sharma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Daytime Sleepiness ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Color Word ◽

Case Control ◽

Corticomotor Excitability ◽

Word Task ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal symptoms, primarily attributed to sensitization of somatosensory system carrying pain. Few reports have investigated the impact of fibromyalgia symptoms on cognition, corticomotor excitability, sleepiness, and the sleep quality — all of which can deteriorate the quality of life in fibromyalgia. However, the existing reports are underpowered and have conflicting directions of findings, limiting their generalizability. Therefore, the present study was designed to compare measures of cognition, corticomotor excitability, sleepiness, and sleep quality using standardized instruments in the recruited patients of fibromyalgia with pain-free controls. Methods Diagnosed cases of fibromyalgia were recruited from the Rheumatology department for the cross-sectional, case-control study. Cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination, Stroop color-word task), corticomotor excitability (Resting motor threshold, Motor evoked potential amplitude), daytime sleepiness (Epworth sleepiness scale), and sleep quality (Pittsburgh sleep quality index) were studied according to the standard procedure. Results Thirty-four patients of fibromyalgia and 30 pain-free controls were recruited for the study. Patients of fibromyalgia showed decreased cognitive scores (p = 0.05), lowered accuracy in Stroop color-word task (for color: 0.02, for word: 0.01), and prolonged reaction time (< 0.01, < 0.01). Excessive daytime sleepiness in patients were found (< 0.01) and worsened sleep quality (< 0.01) were found. Parameters of corticomotor excitability were comparable between patients of fibromyalgia and pain-free controls. Conclusions Patients of fibromyalgia made more errors, had significantly increased reaction time for cognitive tasks, marked daytime sleepiness, and impaired quality of sleep. Future treatment strategies may include cognitive deficits and sleep disturbances as an integral part of fibromyalgia management.

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Cognition in Early Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Consequences May Be Relative to Working Memory

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617713000696 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (8) ◽

pp. 938-949 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Lindsay I. Berrigan ◽

Jo-Anne LeFevre ◽

Laura M. Rees ◽

Jason Berard ◽

Mark S. Freedman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Working Memory ◽

Processing Speed ◽

Cognitive Functions ◽

Group Membership ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Relapsing Remitting ◽

Disease Stages

AbstractThe Relative Consequence Model proposes multiple sclerosis (MS) patients have a fundamental deficit in processing speed that compromises other cognitive functions. The present study examined the mediating role of processing speed, as well as working memory, in the MS-related effects on other cognitive functions for early relapsing-remitting patients. Seventy relapsing-remitting MS patients with disease duration not greater than 10 years and 72 controls completed tasks assessing processing speed, working memory, learning, and executive functioning. The possible mediating roles of speed and working memory in the MS-related effects on other cognitive functions were evaluated using structural equation modeling. Processing speed was not significantly related to group membership and could not have a mediating role. Working memory was related to group membership and functioned as a mediating/intervening factor. The results do not support the Relative Consequence Model in this sample and they challenge the notion that working memory impairment only emerges at later disease stages. The results do support a mediating/intervening role of working memory. These results were obtained for early relapsing-remitting MS patients and should not be generalized to the broader MS population. Instead, future research should examine the relations that exist at other disease stages. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–12)

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