Perceptual bias in threat distance: The role of in-group support in defensive threat regulation

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph F. Cesario ◽  
Carlos Navarrete
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Bias ◽  
Group Support

scholarly journals Lack of Group Support and Burnout Syndrome in Workers of the State Security Forces and Corps: Moderating Role of Neuroticism

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farfán ◽  
Peña ◽  
Topa
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Burnout Syndrome ◽  
Group Support ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
State Security ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Personal Fulfillment ◽  
Moderating Role

: Background and Objectives: This research analyzes the relationship between the lack of group support and burnout syndrome in workers of the State Security Forces and Corps, considering the role of personality traits in this relationship. In particular, it is hypothesized that neuroticism will moderate this relationship. Materials and Methods: Participants were 237 workers from the State Security Forces and Corps dedicated to tasks of citizen security. Results: The results show that neuroticism moderates the relationship between lack of group support and the three components of the burnout syndrome: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal fulfillment. Conclusions: The findings are discussed, suggesting intervention strategies for the improvement of the agents’ personal well-being.

scholarly journals Optimizing perception: Attended and ignored stimuli create opposing perceptual biases.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Rafiei ◽  
Sabrina Hansmann-Roth ◽  
David Whitney ◽  
Arni Kristjansson ◽  
Andrey Chetverikov
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Perceptual Bias ◽  
Negative Bias ◽  
Positive Bias ◽  
Serial Dependence ◽  
Oriented Line ◽  
Efficient Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Humans have remarkable abilities to construct a stable visual world from continuously changing input. There is increasing evidence that momentary visual input blends with previous input to preserve perceptual continuity. Most studies have shown that such influences can be traced to characteristics of the attended object at a given moment. Little is known about the role of ignored stimuli in creating this continuity. This is important since while some input is selected for processing, other input must be actively ignored for efficient selection of the task-relevant stimuli. We asked whether attended targets and actively ignored distractor stimuli in an odd-one-out search task would bias observers’ perception differently. Our observers searched for an oddly oriented line among distractors, and were occasionally asked to report the orientation of the last visual search target they saw in an adjustment task. Our results show that at least two opposite biases from past stimuli influence current perception: A positive bias caused by serial dependence pulls perception of the target toward the previous target features, while a negative bias induced by the to-be-ignored distractor features pushes perception of the target away from the distractor distribution. Our results suggest that to-be-ignored items produce a perceptual bias that acts in parallel with other biases induced by attended items to optimize perception. Our results are the first to demonstrate how actively ignored information facilitates continuity in visual perception.

The role of group support technology in developing the HEALNet research agenda

1998 ◽  
Vol 51 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 215-219
Author(s):  
Vivek Goel ◽  
Jochen Moehr ◽  
George Browman
Keyword(s):  
Research Agenda ◽  
Group Support

scholarly journals The role of cognitive styles in social perception of the specified and impersonal Other

2020 ◽  
pp. 106-117
Author(s):  
Milena V. Baleva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Perception ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Perceptual Bias ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Status ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Ingroup Favoritism

The paper studies the contributions of cognitive styles to the process of stereotyping and perceptual bias (ingroup favoritism). It was suggested that the role of cognitive styles weakens in conditions of the object’s perceptual clarity and amplifies in conditions of his/her perceptual nebulosity. In the experiment, the level of perceptual clarity appeared as an independent variable and was set using different stimulus objects. Low perceptual clarity was presented by a description of fictional groups of people sensitive to low or high frequency sounds. Medium perceptual clarity was characterized by a description of recognizable (typical) groups of people who preferred «low-status» or «high-status» things. The level of high clarity was set by visual presentation of a specific person allegedly being a representative of the group sensitive to low or high frequency sounds. At the level of low and medium perceptual clarity, the Other was not presented visually. The study involved 305 students aged 17 to 22 (M = 19,21, SD = 0,97), 71 male and 234 female. It was found that cognitive styles were the most reliable predictors for stereotyping of the Other when his/her image was as depersonalized as possible, i.e. devoid of typological and visual certainty. The highest values of stereotyping were observed upon pronounced rigidity, field-dependence, impulsivity and cognitive simplicity. When a specified, visually defined Other was perceived, cognitive styles did not affect the stereotyping. Perceptual bias (ingroup favoritism) did not change under the influence of cognitive styles, regardless of the perceptual clarity level.

Affect, Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia

1990 ◽  
Vol 156 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony S. David ◽  
John C. Cutting
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Perceptual Bias ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Sad Mood

Performance on a happy-sad chimeric face test was used to examine the role of right hemisphere activation in positive and negative affect, both normal and abnormal, as well as in schizophrenia. This test is known to elicit a left-sided perceptual bias in right-handed normal subjects. Happy and sad mood in normals did not influence the perceptual bias. Depression and mania were associated with reduced and increased biases respectively, while schizophrenics showed no bias to either side. Possible explanations are right hemisphere hyperfunction in mania, moderate relative hypofunction in depression, and severe relative hypofunction in schizophrenia. The marked difference between mania and schizophrenia supports distinct pathophysiologies underlying the two conditions.

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