The Link Between Early Visual Processing and the Endowment Effect: Evidence from Event-Related Potentials (ERP)

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel J. S. Ashby ◽  
Stephan Dickert ◽  
Andrew McCollough ◽  
Edward K. Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Endowment Effect ◽  
Early Visual Processing ◽  
Related Potentials

scholarly journals Neural Site of the Redundant Target Effect: Electrophysiological Evidence

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Miniussi ◽  
M. Girelli ◽  
C. A. Marzi
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Probability Summation ◽  
Redundant Target Effect ◽  
Early Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Hemifield ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Target Effect ◽  
Electrophysiological Correlate ◽  
Double Targets

The present study represents an attempt to find an electrophysiological correlate of the redundant targets effect, or RTE (i.e., the speeding up of reaction time, or RT, for redundant vs. single targets). Subjects made a speeded response either to one small checkerboard presented to the left or right of fixation or to a pair of identical checkerboards presented simultaneously to both hemifields. Both single and double targets could appear either in the upper or lower visual hemifield. The task required detection but not discrimination of the stimuli. During task performance, we recorded the event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by the checkerboard targets. As in previous studies, we found that manual RTs to bilateral stimuli were faster than those to unilateral stimuli. This effect was more marked for lower-than for upper-field stimuli and could not be ascribed to probability summation. In addition, we found that the P1 and N1 components of the visual ERP had a shorter latency for bilateral than for summed unilateral stimuli presented to the two hemifields. In parallel with the behavioral findings, the latency values for the above components showed a larger RTE for lower-field stimuli. These findings indicate that the RTE occurs at the level of early visual processing, probably in the extrastriate visual cortex, rather than at late decisional or pre-motor stages.

scholarly journals Age-related differences in event-related potentials for early visual processing of emotional faces

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 969-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Hilimire ◽  
Andrew Mienaltowski ◽  
Fredda Blanchard-Fields ◽  
Paul M. Corballis
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Emotional Faces ◽  
Early Visual Processing ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Related Potentials

scholarly journals Does Creativity Influence Visual Perception? - An Event-Related Potential Study With Younger and Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Csizmadia ◽  
István Czigler ◽  
Boglárka Nagy ◽  
Zsófia Anna Gaál
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Early Visual Processing ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Creative Group

We do not know enough about the cognitive background of creativity despite its significance. Using an active oddball paradigm with unambiguous and ambiguous portrait paintings as the standard stimuli, our aim was to examine whether: creativity in the figural domain influences the perception of visual stimuli; any stages of visual processing; or if healthy aging has an effect on these processes. We investigated event related potentials (ERPs) and applied ERP decoding analyses in four groups: younger less creative; younger creative; older less creative; and older creative adults. The early visual processing did not differ between creativity groups. In the later ERP stages the amplitude for the creative compared with the less creative groups was larger between 300 and 500 ms. The stimuli types were clearly distinguishable: within the 300–500 ms range the amplitude was larger for ambiguous rather than unambiguous paintings, but this difference in the traditional ERP analysis was only observable in the younger, not elderly groups, who also had this difference when using decoding analysis. Our results could not prove that visual creativity influences the early stage of perception, but showed creativity had an effect on stimulus processing in the 300–500 ms range, in indexing differences in top-down control, and having more flexible cognitive control in the younger creative group.

scholarly journals A P300 Brain-Computer Interface With a Reduced Visual Field

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiza Kirasirova ◽  
Vladimir Bulanov ◽  
Alexei Ossadtchi ◽  
Alexander Kolsanov ◽  
Vasily Pyatin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Peripheral Vision ◽  
Brain Computer Interface ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
Central Visual Field ◽  
P300 Speller ◽  
Related Potentials

A P300 brain-computer interface (BCI) is a paradigm, where text characters are decoded from event-related potentials (ERPs). In a popular implementation, called P300 speller, a subject looks at a display where characters are flashing and selects one character by attending to it. The selection is recognized as the item with the strongest ERP. The speller performs well when cortical responses to target and non-target stimuli are sufficiently different. Although many strategies have been proposed for improving the BCI spelling, a relatively simple one received insufficient attention in the literature: reduction of the visual field to diminish the contribution from non-target stimuli. Previously, this idea was implemented in a single-stimulus switch that issued an urgent command like stopping a robot. To tackle this approach further, we ran a pilot experiment where ten subjects operated a traditional P300 speller or wore a binocular aperture that confined their sight to the central visual field. As intended, visual field restriction resulted in a replacement of non-target ERPs with EEG rhythms asynchronous to stimulus periodicity. Changes in target ERPs were found in half of the subjects and were individually variable. While classification accuracy was slightly better for the aperture condition (84.3 ± 2.9%, mean ± standard error) than the no-aperture condition (81.0 ± 2.6%), this difference was not statistically significant for the entire sample of subjects (N = 10). For both the aperture and no-aperture conditions, classification accuracy improved over 4 days of training, more so for the aperture condition (from 72.0 ± 6.3% to 87.0 ± 3.9% and from 72.0 ± 5.6% to 97.0 ± 2.2% for the no-aperture and aperture conditions, respectively). Although in this study BCI performance was not substantially altered, we suggest that with further refinement this approach could speed up BCI operations and reduce user fatigue. Additionally, instead of wearing an aperture, non-targets could be removed algorithmically or with a hybrid interface that utilizes an eye tracker. We further discuss how a P300 speller could be improved by taking advantage of the different physiological properties of the central and peripheral vision. Finally, we suggest that the proposed experimental approach could be used in basic research on the mechanisms of visual processing.

scholarly journals Event-Related Potential Evidence of Enhanced Visual Processing in Auditory-Associated Cortex in Adults with Hearing Loss

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 237-248
Author(s):  
Maojin Liang ◽  
Jiahao Liu ◽  
Yuexin Cai ◽  
Fei Zhao ◽  
Suijun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Occipital Area ◽  
Mapping Analysis ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Frontotemporal Area

Objective: The present study investigated the characteristics of visual processing in the auditory-associated cortex in adults with hearing loss using event-related potentials. Methods: Ten subjects with bilateral postlingual hearing loss were recruited. Ten age- and sex-matched normal-hearing subjects were included as controls. Visual (“sound” and “non-sound” photos)-evoked potentials were performed. The P170 response in the occipital area as well as N1 and N2 responses in FC3 and FC4 were analyzed. Results: Adults with hearing loss had higher P170 amplitudes, significantly higher N2 amplitudes, and shorter N2 latency in response to “sound” and “non-sound” photo stimuli at both FC3 and FC4, with the exception of the N2 amplitude which responded to “sound” photo stimuli at FC3. Further topographic mapping analysis revealed that patients had a large difference in response to “sound” and “non-sound” photos in the right frontotemporal area, starting from approximately 200 to 400 ms. Localization of source showed the difference to be located in the middle frontal gyrus region (BA10) at around 266 ms. Conclusions: The significantly stronger responses to visual stimuli indicate enhanced visual processing in the auditory-associated cortex in adults with hearing loss, which may be attributed to cortical visual reorganization involving the right frontotemporal cortex.

scholarly journals Anorexia nervosa and body dysmorphic disorder are associated with abnormalities in processing visual information

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 2111-2122 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Li ◽  
T. M. Lai ◽  
C. Bohon ◽  
S. K. Loo ◽  
D. McCurdy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
High Spatial Frequency ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Visual Stream ◽  
N170 Component ◽  
Related Potentials

BackgroundAnorexia nervosa (AN) and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) are characterized by distorted body image and are frequently co-morbid with each other, although their relationship remains little studied. While there is evidence of abnormalities in visual and visuospatial processing in both disorders, no study has directly compared the two. We used two complementary modalities – event-related potentials (ERPs) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) – to test for abnormal activity associated with early visual signaling.MethodWe acquired fMRI and ERP data in separate sessions from 15 unmedicated individuals in each of three groups (weight-restored AN, BDD, and healthy controls) while they viewed images of faces and houses of different spatial frequencies. We used joint independent component analyses to compare activity in visual systems.ResultsAN and BDD groups demonstrated similar hypoactivity in early secondary visual processing regions and the dorsal visual stream when viewing low spatial frequency faces, linked to the N170 component, as well as in early secondary visual processing regions when viewing low spatial frequency houses, linked to the P100 component. Additionally, the BDD group exhibited hyperactivity in fusiform cortex when viewing high spatial frequency houses, linked to the N170 component. Greater activity in this component was associated with lower attractiveness ratings of faces.ConclusionsResults provide preliminary evidence of similar abnormal spatiotemporal activation in AN and BDD for configural/holistic information for appearance- and non-appearance-related stimuli. This suggests a common phenotype of abnormal early visual system functioning, which may contribute to perceptual distortions.

scholarly journals Human posterior parietal cortex responds to visual stimuli as early as peristriate occipital cortex

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamar I. Regev ◽  
Jonathan Winawer ◽  
Edden M. Gerber ◽  
Robert T. Knight ◽  
Leon Y. Deouell
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Visual Responses ◽  
Baseline Activity ◽  
Visual Areas ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Posterior Parietal

AbstractMuch of what is known about the timing of visual processing in the brain is inferred from intracranial studies in monkeys, with human data limited to mainly non-invasive methods with lower spatial resolution. Here, we estimated visual onset latencies from electrocorticographic (ECoG) recordings in a patient who was implanted with 112 sub-dural electrodes, distributed across the posterior cortex of the right hemisphere, for pre-surgical evaluation of intractable epilepsy. Functional MRI prior to surgery was used to determine boundaries of visual areas. The patient was presented with images of objects from several categories. Event Related Potentials (ERPs) were calculated across all categories excluding targets, and statistically reliable onset latencies were determined using a bootstrapping procedure over the single trial baseline activity in individual electrodes. The distribution of onset latencies broadly reflected the known hierarchy of visual areas, with the earliest cortical responses in primary visual cortex, and higher areas showing later responses. A clear exception to this pattern was robust, statistically reliable and spatially localized, very early responses on the bank of the posterior intra-parietal sulcus (IPS). The response in the IPS started nearly simultaneously with responses detected in peristriate visual areas, around 60 milliseconds post-stimulus onset. Our results support the notion of early visual processing in the posterior parietal lobe, not respecting traditional hierarchies, and give direct evidence for the upper limit of onset times of visual responses across the human cortex.

scholarly journals High-level visual processing despite lack of awareness: Evidence from event-related potentials in a case of selective metamorphopsia

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1106-1106
Author(s):  
T. Schubert ◽  
D. Rothlein ◽  
T. Brothers ◽  
K. LeDoux ◽  
B. Gordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
High Level

scholarly journals Pre-Stimulus Alpha-Band Phase Gates Afferent Visual Cortex Responses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Dou ◽  
Audrey Morrow ◽  
Luca Iemi ◽  
Jason Samaha
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Alpha Phase ◽  
Alpha Activity ◽  
Alpha Band ◽  
Visual Responses ◽  
Alpha Oscillations ◽  
Related Potentials

The neurogenesis of alpha-band (8-13 Hz) activity has been characterized across many different animal experiments. However, the functional role that alpha oscillations play in perception and behavior has largely been attributed to two contrasting hypotheses, with human evidence in favor of either (or both or neither) remaining sparse. On the one hand, alpha generators have been observed in relay sectors of the visual thalamus and are postulated to phasically inhibit afferent visual input in a feedforward manner 1-4. On the other hand, evidence also suggests that the direction of influence of alpha activity propagates backwards along the visual hierarchy, reflecting a feedback influence upon the visual cortex 5-9. The primary source of human evidence regarding the role of alpha phase in visual processing has been on perceptual reports 10-16, which could be modulated either by feedforward or feedback alpha activity. Thus, although these two hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, human evidence clearly supporting either one is lacking. Here, we present human subjects with large, high-contrast visual stimuli that elicit robust C1 event-related potentials (ERP), which peak between 70-80 milliseconds post-stimulus and are thought to reflect afferent primary visual cortex (V1) input 17-20. We find that the phase of ongoing alpha oscillations modulates the global field power (GFP) of the EEG during this first volley of stimulus processing (the C1 time-window). On the standard assumption 21-23 that this early activity reflects postsynaptic potentials being relayed to visual cortex from the thalamus, our results suggest that alpha phase gates visual responses during the first feed-forward sweep of processing.

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