Early auditory emotion processing is sensitive to distinct spatial frequency predictive information--An ERP study of face-voice perception

Although the voice-sensitive neural system emerges very early in development, it has yet to be demonstrated whether the neonatal brain is sensitive to voice perception. We measured the EEG mismatch response (MMR) elicited by emotionally spoken syllables “dada” along with correspondingly synthesized nonvocal sounds, whose fundamental frequency contours were matched, in 98 full-term newborns aged 1–5 days. In Experiment 1, happy syllables relative to nonvocal sounds elicited an MMR lateralized to the right hemisphere. In Experiment 2, fearful syllables elicited stronger amplitudes than happy or neutral syllables, and this response had no sex differences. In Experiment 3, angry versus happy syllables elicited an MMR, although their corresponding nonvocal sounds did not. Here, we show that affective discrimination is selectively driven by voice processing per se rather than low-level acoustical features and that the cerebral specialization for human voice and emotion processing emerges over the right hemisphere during the first days of life.

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Determination of the Best Emulsion for the Microscopy of Crystals

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100096886 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

pp. 32-33

Author(s):

David A. Grano ◽

Kenneth H. Downing

Keyword(s):

Spatial Frequency ◽

Information Transfer ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Experimental Situation ◽

Photographic Emulsion ◽

Modulation Transfer ◽

Signal To Noise ◽

Frequency Space ◽

Noise Ratio

The retrieval of high-resolution information from images of biological crystals depends, in part, on the use of the correct photographic emulsion. We have been investigating the information transfer properties of twelve emulsions with a view toward 1) characterizing the emulsions by a few, measurable quantities, and 2) identifying the “best” emulsion of those we have studied for use in any given experimental situation. Because our interests lie in the examination of crystalline specimens, we've chosen to evaluate an emulsion's signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as a function of spatial frequency and use this as our critereon for determining the best emulsion.The signal-to-noise ratio in frequency space depends on several factors. First, the signal depends on the speed of the emulsion and its modulation transfer function (MTF). By procedures outlined in, MTF's have been found for all the emulsions tested and can be fit by an analytic expression 1/(1+(S/S0)2). Figure 1 shows the experimental data and fitted curve for an emulsion with a better than average MTF. A single parameter, the spatial frequency at which the transfer falls to 50% (S0), characterizes this curve.

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Density-based discrimination of protein and RNA in the ribosome

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100122721 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 464-465

Author(s):

Joachim Frank

Keyword(s):

Transfer Function ◽

Spatial Frequency ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Wiener Filter ◽

Dark Field Image ◽

Dark Field ◽

Frequency Range ◽

Bright Field ◽

Contrast Transfer Function ◽

Pass Filter

Cryo-electron microscopy combined with single-particle reconstruction techniques has allowed us to form a three-dimensional image of the Escherichia coli ribosome.In the interior, we observe strong density variations which may be attributed to the difference in scattering density between ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and protein. This identification can only be tentative, and lacks quantitation at this stage, because of the nature of image formation by bright field phase contrast. Apart from limiting the resolution, the contrast transfer function acts as a high-pass filter which produces edge enhancement effects that can explain at least part of the observed variations. As a step toward a more quantitative analysis, it is necessary to correct the transfer function in the low-spatial-frequency range. Unfortunately, it is in that range where Fourier components unrelated to elastic bright-field imaging are found, and a Wiener-filter type restoration would lead to incorrect results. Depending upon the thickness of the ice layer, a varying contribution to the Fourier components in the low-spatial-frequency range originates from an “inelastic dark field” image. The only prospect to obtain quantitatively interpretable images (i.e., which would allow discrimination between rRNA and protein by application of a density threshold set to the average RNA scattering density may therefore lie in the use of energy-filtering microscopes.

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Three-fold astigmatism: An important TEM aberration

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100150691 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 972-973 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

O.L. Krivanek ◽

M.L. Leber

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Spatial Frequency ◽

Field Emission ◽

Azimuthal Angle ◽

Hollow Cone ◽

Small Probe ◽

Wide Range ◽

High Resolution Images ◽

Image Position

Three-fold astigmatism resembles regular astigmatism, but it has 3-fold rather than 2-fold symmetry. Its contribution to the aberration function χ(q) can be written as:where A3 is the coefficient of 3-fold astigmatism, λ is the electron wavelength, q is the spatial frequency, ϕ the azimuthal angle (ϕ = tan-1 (qy/qx)), and ϕ3 the direction of the astigmatism.Three-fold astigmatism is responsible for the “star of Mercedes” aberration figure that one obtains from intermediate lenses once their two-fold astigmatism has been corrected. Its effects have been observed when the beam is tilted in a hollow cone over a wide range of angles, and there is evidence for it in high resolution images of a small probe obtained in a field emission gun TEM/STEM instrument. It was also expected to be a major aberration in sextupole-based Cs correctors, and ways were being developed for dealing with it on Cs-corrected STEMs.

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Letter to the Editor Concerning Skuk et al., “Parameter-Specific Morphing Reveals Contributions of Timbre and Fundamental Frequency Cues to the Perception of Voice Gender and Age in Cochlear Implant Users”

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00563 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (12) ◽

pp. 4325-4326 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hartmut Meister ◽

Katrin Fuersen ◽

Barbara Streicher ◽

Ruth Lang-Roth ◽

Martin Walger

Keyword(s):

Cochlear Implant ◽

Fundamental Frequency ◽

Stimulus Type ◽

Voice Perception ◽

Letter To The Editor ◽

Gender And Age ◽

General Influence

Purpose The purpose of this letter is to compare results by Skuk et al. (2020) with Meister et al. (2016) and to point to a potential general influence of stimulus type. Conclusion Our conclusion is that presenting sentences may give cochlear implant recipients the opportunity to use timbre cues for voice perception. This might not be the case when presenting brief and sparse stimuli such as consonant–vowel–consonant or single words, which were applied in the majority of studies.

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EEG Measurement of Emotion Processing in Children with Daytime Urinary Incontinence

Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie ◽

10.1024/1422-4917/a000563 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 336-341

Author(s):

Justine Niemczyk ◽

Monika Equit ◽

Katja Rieck ◽

Mathias Rubly ◽

Catharina Wagner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Incontinence ◽

Patient Group ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Emotion Processing ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Oddball Paradigm ◽

Control Group ◽

Central Processing ◽

Daytime Urinary Incontinence ◽

Related Potentials

Abstract. Objective: Daytime urinary incontinence (DUI) is common in childhood. The aim of the study was to neurophysiologically analyse the central emotion processing in children with DUI. Method: In 20 children with DUI (mean age 8.1 years, 55 % male) and 20 controls (mean age 9.1 years, 75 % male) visual event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded after presenting emotionally valent (80 neutral, 40 positive, and 40 negative) pictures from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) as an oddball-paradigm. All children received a full organic and psychiatric assessment. Results: Children with DUI did not differ significantly from controls regarding responses to emotional pictures in the frontal, central, and parietal regions and in the time intervals 250–450 ms, 450–650 ms, and 650–850 ms after stimulus onset. The patient group had more psychological symptoms and psychiatric comorbidities than the control group. Conclusions: EEG responses to emotional stimuli are not altered in children with DUI. Central emotion processing does not play a major role in DUI. Further research, including a larger sample size, a more homogeneous patient group (regarding subtype of DUI) or brain imaging techniques, could reveal more about the central processing in DUI.

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