Adolescents’ cognitive capacity reaches adult levels prior to their psychosocial maturity: Evidence for a “maturity gap” in a multinational, cross-sectional sample.

Purpose This paper proposes that categorization flexibility, operationalized as the cognitive capacity that cross-categorizes products in multiple situational categories across multiple domains, might favorably influence a consumer’s evaluation of unconventional options. Design/methodology/approach Experimental research design is used to test the theory. An exploratory study first establishes the effect of categorization flexibility in a non-food domain. Study 1 documents the moderating role of decision domain, showing that the effect works only under low- (vs high-) consequence domain. Studies 2A and 2B further refine the notion by showing that individuals can be primed in a relatively higher categorization flexibility frame of mind. Study 3 demonstrates the interactive effect of categorization flexibility and adventure priming in a high-consequence domain. Study 4 integrates the interactive effects of decisions with low- vs high-consequence, adventure priming and categorization flexibility within a single decision domain of high consequence. Findings Consumers with higher- (vs lower-) categorization flexibility tend to opt for unconventional choices when the decision domain entails low consequences, whereas such a result does not hold under decision domain of high consequences. The categorization flexibility effects in case of low-consequence decision domain holds true even when consumers are primed to be categorization flexible. Furthermore, with additional adventure priming, consumers show an increased preference for unconventional options even under a decision domain with high consequence. Research limitations/implications This study could not examine real purchase behavior as results are based on cross-sectional, behavioral intention data. In addition, it did not examine the underlying reason for presence of cross-domain categorization flexibility index. Practical implications The results suggest that stimuli may be tailored to consumers in ways that increase the salience and the perceived attractiveness of unconventional choices. Further, data reinforce the notion of cross-categorical interrelations among different domains, which could be leveraged by marketers. Originality/value This study represents the first documentation of the potential ways by which unconventional product choice might be a function of individuals’ categorization flexibility level across different types of decision domains. The findings yield implications that are novel to both categorization and consumer decision-making literature.

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Assessment of caregiver burden with elderly having cognitive deficit

Acta Paulista de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/s0103-21002012000600013 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 908-913 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Aline Cristina Martins Gratao ◽

Luana Flávia da Silva Talmelli ◽

Vanderlei José Haas ◽

Sueli Marques ◽

Luciana Kusumota ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Caregiver Burden ◽

Cognitive Deficit ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cognitive Capacity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Caregiver Health ◽

Burden Scale ◽

Double Entry ◽

Self Reporting Questionnaire

To characterize the elderly with cognitive déficit, and family caregivers who live in the urban communit,y and to identify the caregiver burden. METHODS: An observational, cross-sectional study, conducted between January and July 2009. Seventy elderly (aged 65 and older) were assessed for cognitive deficit using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE); their 70 caregivers were evaluated by the Zarit Burden Scale (ZBS) and the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ). The data were entered and validated by double entry in the MS Excel Program, and were analyzed using SPSS software, version 15.0. RESULTS: Of the caregivers, 47.1% were children. We obtained a mean for the ZBS of 30.3 (± 17.3) and 6.2 (± 3.2) for the SRQ, p <0.05, correlating lower scores of the MMSE with high scores on ZBS and SRQ. CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive deficit of the elderly was a predictive factor for burden and emotional distress of caregivers. Knowing the reduction of cognitive capacity related to caregiver burden is essential for preserving caregiver health.

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Clinician awareness of brain computer interfaces: a Canadian national survey

Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation ◽

10.1186/s12984-019-0624-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sasha Letourneau ◽

Ephrem Takele Zewdie ◽

Zeanna Jadavji ◽

John Andersen ◽

Lee M. Burkholder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Disabled Persons ◽

High Potential ◽

Cognitive Capacity ◽

Brain Computer Interfaces ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Online Data ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Computer Interfaces

Abstract Background Individuals with severe neurological disabilities but preserved cognition, including children, are often precluded from connecting with their environments. Brain computer interfaces (BCI) are a potential solution where advancing technologies create new clinical opportunities. We evaluated clinician awareness as a modifiable barrier to progress and identified eligible populations. Methods We executed a national, population-based, cross-sectional survey of physician specialists caring for persons with severe disability. An evidence- and experience-based survey had three themes: clinician BCI knowledge, eligible populations, and potential impact. A BCI knowledge index was created and scored. Canadian adult and pediatric neurologists, physiatrists and a subset of developmental pediatricians were contacted. Secure, web-based software administered the survey via email with online data collection. Results Of 922 valid emails (664 neurologists, 253 physiatrists), 137 (15%) responded. One third estimated that ≥10% of their patients had severe neurological disability with cognitive capacity. BCI knowledge scores were low with > 40% identifying as less than “vaguely aware” and only 15% as “somewhat familiar” or better. Knowledge did not differ across specialties. Only 6 physicians (4%) had patients using BCI. Communication and wheelchair control rated highest for potentially improving quality of life. Most (81%) felt BCI had high potential to improve quality of life. Estimates suggested that > 13,000 Canadians (36 M population) might benefit from BCI technologies. Conclusions Despite high potential and thousands of patients who might benefit, BCI awareness among clinicians caring for disabled persons is poor. Further, functional priorities for BCI applications may differ between medical professionals and potential BCI users, perhaps reflecting that clinicians possess a less accurate understanding of the desires and needs of potential end-users. Improving knowledge and engaging both clinicians and patients could facilitate BCI program development to improve patient outcomes.

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Cluster analysis to identify elderly people's profiles: a healthcare strategy based on frailty characteristics

Sao Paulo Medical Journal ◽

10.1590/1516-3180.2014.1324622 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 132 (4) ◽

pp. 224-230 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

André Fattori ◽

Ivan Mazivieiro Oliveira ◽

Rosalia Matera de Angelis Alves ◽

Maria Elena Guariento

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Functional Performance ◽

Functional Dependence ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cognitive Capacity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Analysis Strategy ◽

Specific Care

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES: The new social panorama resulting from aging of the Brazilian population is leading to significant transformations within healthcare. Through the cluster analysis strategy, it was sought to describe the specific care demands of the elderly population, using frailty components.DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study based on reviewing medical records, conducted in the geriatric outpatient clinic, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp).METHODS: Ninety-eight elderly users of this clinic were evaluated using cluster analysis and instruments for assessing their overall geriatric status and frailty characteristics.RESULTS: The variables that most strongly influenced the formation of clusters were age, functional capacities, cognitive capacity, presence of comorbidities and number of medications used. Three main groups of elderly people could be identified: one with good cognitive and functional performance but with high prevalence of comorbidities (mean age 77.9 years, cognitive impairment in 28.6% and mean of 7.4 comorbidities); a second with more advanced age, greater cognitive impairment and greater dependence (mean age 88.5 years old, cognitive impairment in 84.6% and mean of 7.1 comorbidities); and a third younger group with poor cognitive performance and greater number of comorbidities but functionally independent (mean age 78.5 years old, cognitive impairment in 89.6% and mean of 7.4 comorbidities).CONCLUSION: These data characterize the profile of this population and can be used as the basis for developing efficient strategies aimed at diminishing functional dependence, poor self-rated health and impaired quality of life.

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Differences in Functionality Between Independent, Slight, and Moderate Dependent Older Adults: A Cross-sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-322457/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

María Teresa Valenzuela ◽

Claudia Rodriguez ◽

Diego González ◽

Andres Glasinovic ◽

Rodrigo Guzmán-Venegas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Older Adults ◽

Barthel Index ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cognitive Capacity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Symptoms Of Depression ◽

Gradual Process ◽

Climbing Stairs

Abstract Background: Aging is a gradual process characterized by damage to the physiological functions that frequently lead to dependence in the older adults of 60 years or older. We hypothesize significant differences in mental and physical capacity between fully independent older adults and slight to moderate dependent older adults. Method: A cross-sectional analysis of 322 older adults of 60 years or more, with a Barthel Index equal to or higher than 60, who attended day centers during August 2018 in Santiago-Chile was used. Quality of life, physical ability, cognitive capacity, and symptoms of depression of fully independent with slight to moderate dependent older adults are compared.Results: A higher proportion of older adults with complete independence have higher levels of quality of life and mobility. Even a small reduction in independence has a significant reduction in quality of life. An increase from a 60-90 score to a 91-99 score in the Barthel Index rises 42% [CI95% 18-66] the EQ-5D score, this difference increases to 49% [CI95% 29-70] for full independence. Climbing stairs and incontinence in urination are the two main activities related to having a lower independence level (lower than 100 Barthel Index score). Ambulation and climbing stairs are the two main activities related with lower than the cutoff levels of normality for quality of life (EQ5D) and physical condition (TUG). Finally, urine and bowel incontinence, and lower levels of ambulation are the main activities related with symptoms of depression (Yesavage score).Conclusion: There were significant differences in health-related measures among different levels of independent older adults. Understanding the potential causes of these differences could help prioritize the focus of multidimensional programs on health and prevention with the aim of prolonging older adults’ state of independence and improving their quality of life.

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Análise comparativa da capacidade funcional e cognitiva de idosos em uma unidade de referência geriátrica na cidade de Salvador - Bahia

Revista de Ciências Médicas e Biológicas ◽

10.9771/cmbio.v11i2.6678 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 163 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Igor De Matos Pinheiro ◽

Ana Luiza Azevedo do Vale ◽

Fábio Santos de Jesus ◽

Crésio De Aragão Dantas Alves

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Length Of Stay ◽

Medical Records ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cognitive Capacity ◽

Degenerative Diseases ◽

Font Size ◽

Rehabilitation Unit ◽

Cognitive Changes ◽

Cross Sectional

Introdução: O processo do envelhecimento associado às doenças crônico-degenerativas conduz ao declínio funcional e/ou cognitivo, resultando em redução da qualidade de vida e diminuição da autonomia e independência. Objetivo: Comparar a capacidade funcional e cognitiva de idosos em uma unidade de reabilitação geriátrica na cidade de Salvador-Bahia. Metodologia: Estudo observacional descritivo de corte transversal, utilizando análise de prontuários. Foram selecionados os prontuários de indivíduos idosos internados na Unidade de Reabilitação do Centro Geriátrico das Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce, entre janeiro e dezembro de 2011. Dados coletados: sociodemográficos, tempo de internação, diagnóstico clínico, escores do Índice de Barthel Modificado (IBM) e do Mini-Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM), na admissão e alta hospitalar. Resultados: 38 prontuários preencheram os critérios de inclusão. 73,68% dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino. A idade variou de 62 a 94 anos e o tempo de internação de 34 a 179 dias. As patologias mais prevalentes foram: hipertensão arterial (68,42%), acidente vascular cerebral (57,89%), restrição de mobilidade (42,10%), incontinência dupla (28,94%), diabetes mellitus (23,98%) e demência vascular (21,05%). As alterações observadas nos escores do IBM não modificaram os níveis funcionais dos idosos. Alterações cognitivas foram observadas em 81,57% na admissão e 63,15% na alta hospitalar. Apenas indivíduos com 1 a 3 anos de escolaridade modificaram os níveis de cognição. Conclusão: O processo do envelhecimento associado às doenças crônico-degenerativas influencia na funcionalidade e cognição da população estudada. Os resultados forneceram elementos para estabelecimento de objetivos e planos terapêuticos que favoreçam a reabilitação do idoso. Abstract Introduction: The aging process associated with chronic degenerative diseases leads to functional decline and/or cognitive impairment resulting in reduced quality of life and decreased autonomy and independence. Objective: To compare the functional and cognitive capacity of elderly in a geriatric rehabilitation unit in the city of Salvador, Bahia. Methodology: This is an observational descriptive cross-sectional analysis using medical records. The medical records of elderly patients admitted in the Rehabilitation Unit of the Geriatric Center of Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce were selected from January to December 2011. The charts were evaluated for sociodemographic, length of stay, clinical diagnosis, scores of the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) on admission and discharge. Results: A total of 38 records met the inclusion criteria. 73.68% of the patients were male. The age ranged from 62 to 94 years and length of stay from 34 to 179 days. The most prevalent diseases were hypertension (68.42%), stroke (57.89%), restriction of mobility (42.10%), double incontinence (28.94%), diabetes mellitus (23.98 %) and vascular dementia (21.05%). The observed changes in the MBI scores did not change the functional levels of the elderly. Cognitive changes were observed in 81.57% on admission and 63.15% on discharge. Only individuals with 1-3 years of education changed levels of cognition. Conclusion: The process of aging associated with chronic degenerative diseases influences on the functionality and cognition of the studied population. The results provided evidence for the establishment of goals and treatment plans that promote the rehabilitation of the elderly.

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Psychoactive substance consumption: A Portuguese cross-sectional study

Work ◽

10.3233/wor-213578 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 335-344

Author(s):

Isabel C. Pinto ◽

Olívia R. Pereira ◽

António Fernandes ◽

João Nogueira ◽

Ricardo Costa

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cognitive Capacity ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Psychoactive Substances ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Substance Consumption ◽

Substance Involvement ◽

Illicit Substances

BACKGROUND: Increasing consumption of psychoactive substances is a major social concern worldwide. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence of psychoactive substances consumption in the Portuguese, throughout their life as well as recently, and the main reasons for the consumption and associated factors. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was based on the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) applied to a sample of 385 Portuguese obtained for convenience. It was used descriptive statistics, the Cui-square, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests, with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: Alcohol was the most consumed throughout life (86%), followed by xanthines (79%) and tobacco (60%). In the last 3 months, xanthines (49%) were the most consumed daily, followed by tobacco (22%) and alcohol (9%). Socializing was the main reason for consumption of alcohol (67%), tobacco (36%) and cannabis (34%) while anxiolytics have been used to sleep (50%) and xanthines to increase cognitive capacity (35%). Tobacco (p = 0.016), alcohol (p = 0.03) and illicit substances (p < 0.001) were more consumed by men and anxiolytics by women (p = 0.027). Alcohol (p = 0.008), cannabis (p = 0.027), and xanthines (p = 0.009) were mostly consumed by young adults. CONCLUSIONS: The results reveal sporadic and recreational use of illicit substances, and regular use of alcohol, tobacco and xanthines, mostly by young adults and men, and anxiolytics by women. Socializing was the main reason for psychoactive substances consumption.

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Socioeconomic Status and Life-Space Mobility in Old Age

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.2015-0196 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 617-623 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Johanna Eronen ◽

Mikaela von Bonsdorff ◽

Merja Rantakokko ◽

Erja Portegijs ◽

Anne Viljanen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Cognitive Capacity ◽

Life Space ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Low Education ◽

Marginal Means ◽

The Relationship

Life-space mobility describes the extent of community mobility of older persons. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and life-space mobility and to investigate whether associations might be explained by SES-related disparities in health and functioning. The participants (n = 848) were community-dwelling adults aged 75–90. Education and occupation were used to indicate SES. Life-space assessment (range 0–120) was used to indicate distance and frequency of moving and assistance needed in moving. People with low education had lower life-space mobility scores than those with intermediate or high education: marginal means 63.5, 64.8, and 70.0 (p = .003), respectively. SES-related health disparities, i.e., higher body mass index, poorer cognitive capacity, and poorer physical performance explained the association, rendering it nonsignificant (marginal means 65.2, 65.3, and 67.5, p = .390). Low SES and restricted life-space mobility often coexist with overweight, reduced cognition, and poorer physical performance.

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Predicting dimensions of clinical-functional conditions and cognition in the elderly

Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0162 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 (suppl 3) ◽

Author(s):

Jenifer Nogueira Martins Araujo da Silva ◽

Marinês Tambara Leite ◽

Luana Caroline Gaviraghi ◽

Vanessa Ramos Kirsten ◽

Sandra da Silva Kinalski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Elderly People ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Functional Disability ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Cognitive Capacity ◽

Elderly Subjects ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Frail Elderly People ◽

At Home

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the predictive dimensions of clinical-functional conditions and the cognitive capacity of elderly people living at home. Method: Cross-sectional, population-based, analytical, quantitative study was utilized. For data collection, an instrument with sociodemographic and behavioral variables, the Functional Clinical Vulnerability Index; and, to assess cognition, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used. Descriptive analyzes and statistical tests were conducted. Results: 305 elderly subjects, living at home, in urban and rural areas participated in the study. They were classified as robust (71.8%), pre-frail (22%) and frail (6.2%). As for cognition, 24.9% of them had cognitive impairment. It was shown that cognitive impairment predicts the development of functional disability. Conclusion: It is considered that health professionals should both act in order to maintain the functional and cognitive conditions of the robust and pre-frail elderly people and pay attention to the rehabilitation of the disabilities installed in those elderly people who are in a situation of frailty.

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