Barriers to Access to Care Evaluation Scale

INTRODUCTION: A significant gap between the number of individuals who need mental health care and the ones who actually have access to it has been consistently demonstrated in studies conducted in different countries. Recognizing the barriers to care and their contributions to delaying or preventing access to mental health services is a key step to improve the management of mental health care. The Barriers to Access to Care Evaluation (BACE) scale is a 30-item self-report instrument conceived to evaluate obstacles to proper mental health care. The main constraint in the investigation of these barriers in Brazil is the lack of a reliable instrument to be used in the Brazilian social and cultural context. OBJECTIVE: To describe the translation and adaptation process of the BACE scale to the Brazilian social and cultural context. METHOD: The translation and adaptation process comprised the following steps: 1) translation from English to Brazilian Portuguese by two authors who are Brazilian Portuguese native speakers, one of whom is a psychiatrist; 2) evaluation, comparison and matching of the two preliminary versions by an expert committee; 3) back-translation to English by a sworn translator who is an English native speaker; 4) correction of the back-translated version by the authors of the original scale; 5) modifications and final adjustment of the Brazilian Portuguese version. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The processes of translation and adaptation described in this study were performed by the authors and resulted in the Brazilian version of a scale to evaluate barriers to access to mental health care.

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Translation and validation of the Arabic version of the barrier to access to care evaluation (BACE) scale

Mental Health and Social Inclusion ◽

10.1108/mhsi-05-2021-0022 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Ahmad F. Alenezi ◽

Ahmed Aljowder ◽

Mohamed J. Almarzooqi ◽

Marya Alsayed ◽

Rashed Aldoseri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Access To Care ◽

Online Survey ◽

Arabic Version ◽

Content Type ◽

Barriers To Access ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Back Translation ◽

Arabic Speaking ◽

To Receive ◽

Care Evaluation

Purpose This paper aims to translate and validate an Arabic version of the Barriers to Access to Care Evaluation (BACE) BACE scale to make it appropriate for the targeted socio-cultural and linguistic context. Design/methodology/approach This psychometric study has two main compounds: translating the BACE into Arabic and validating it. Using the back-translation method, the authors involved seven professional individuals to maximize the efficacy of the translated version. The authors began with the process of translating the scale from English into Arabic and vice versa followed by evaluation, compression and matching. Later, a pilot study with a sample size of 35 participants was conducted to receive feedback on the Arabic version of the scale. Finally, an online survey was generated and distributed among Arabic-speaking countries; a total of 630 participants were voluntarily involved in this study. Findings A total of 630 participants completed the survey with a mean age of 31.4 ± 12.9, and 402 (63.8%) were females. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and McDonald's Omega coefficient were both greater than 0.9. The confirmatory factor analysis was found to fit highly satisfactory with the stigma-related barriers. Research limitations/implications The BACE was validated in Arabic and its psychometric properties were examined in-depth and found to be strong. Originality/value This paper fulfils an identified need to translate tools to make mental health more accessible to patients in need.

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Development and Psychometric Properties of the Barriers to Access to Care Evaluation Scale (BACE) in Mental Health

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e511062013-001 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Debra Jeffery ◽

Sarah Clement ◽

Elaine Brohan ◽

Claire Henderson ◽

Stephani Hatch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Access To Care ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Barriers To Access ◽

Care Evaluation

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Barriers to Access to Care in Hispanics With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review

Hispanic Health Care International ◽

10.1177/1540415320956389 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 154041532095638

Author(s):

Sharon K. Titus ◽

Merle Kataoka-Yahiro

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Social Support ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Access To Care ◽

Cause Of Death ◽

The United States ◽

Barriers To Access ◽

Cost Factors

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major cause of death in the United States. Hispanics living in America suffer disproportionally with diabetes and is the fifth cause of death for them. A systematic review was conducted that highlighted barriers to access to care for Hispanics with T2D during the early years of the Affordable Care Act. Method: PubMed and CINAHL databases were searched (2010-2015) using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. From 84 studies, seven qualitative/mixed methods studies were reviewed based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. Barriers were placed into three categories set a priori. Results: All study samples were from different states, representing barriers across the United States. Persistent barriers were self (100%), provider (100%), and environment (71%). Covariates (culture and genetics), individual resources (cost factors, time, and social support), lack of providers or providers specializing in T2D, and environmental factors (lack of diabetes education, nutrition, and exercise programs) were found to affect Hispanics with T2D access to care. Conclusion: Cost factors, time, lack of social support, providers, and relevant programs remain prevalent barriers. As the Hispanic population increases and changes in the health care system are evolving, additional barriers to access to care are likely to emerge and must be explored.

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Negotiating candidacy: ethnic minority seniors' access to care

Ageing and Society ◽

10.1017/s0144686x08007952 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 585-608 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

SHARON KOEHN

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Access To Care ◽

Ethnic Minority ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Service Providers ◽

Future Research ◽

Care Providers ◽

Optimal Care ◽

Barriers To Access ◽

Recommendations For Action

ABSTRACTThe ‘Barriers to Access to Care for Ethnic Minority Seniors’ (BACEMS) study in Vancouver, British Columbia, found that immigrant families torn between changing values and the economic realities that accompany immigration cannot always provide optimal care for their elders. Ethnic minority seniors further identified language barriers, immigration status, and limited awareness of the roles of the health authority and of specific service providers as barriers to health care. The configuration and delivery of health services, and health-care providers' limited knowledge of the seniors' needs and confounded these problems. To explore the barriers to access, the BACEMS study relied primarily on focus group data collected from ethnic minority seniors and their families and from health and multicultural service providers. The applicability of the recently developed model of ‘candidacy’, which emphasises the dynamic, multi-dimensional and contingent character of health-care access to ethnic minority seniors, was assessed. The candidacy framework increased sensitivity to ethnic minority seniors' issues and enabled organisation of the data into manageable conceptual units, which facilitated translation into recommendations for action, and revealed gaps that pose questions for future research. It has the potential to make Canadian research on the topic more co-ordinated.

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