Cumulative ultraviolet radiation flux in adulthood and risk of incident skin cancers in women

The process of skin carcinogenesis is still not fully understood. Both experimental and epidemiological evidence indicate that chronic inflammation is one of the hallmarks of microenvironmental-agent-mediated skin cancers and contributes to its development. Maintaining an inflammatory microenvironment is a condition leading to tumor formation. Multiple studies focus on the molecular pathways activating tumorigenesis by inflammation and indicate several biomarkers and factors that can improve diagnostic and prognostic processes in oncology and dermatology. Reactive oxygen species produced by ultraviolet radiation, oxidizers, or metabolic processes can damage cells and initiate pro-inflammatory cascades. Considering the potential role of inflammation in cancer development and metastasis, the identification of early mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis is crucial for clinical practice and scientific research. Moreover, it could lead to the progress of advanced skin cancer therapies. We focus on a comprehensive analysis of available evidence and on understanding how chronic inflammation and ultraviolet radiation can result in skin carcinogenesis. We present the inflammatory environment as complex molecular networks triggering tumorigenesis and constituting therapeutic targets.

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Thermal processes in molecular gas

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900239521 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 147 ◽

pp. 197-204

Author(s):

J.P. Chièze ◽

C. de Boisanger

Keyword(s):

Ultraviolet Radiation ◽

Molecular Clouds ◽

Radiation Flux ◽

Molecular Gas ◽

Heating And Cooling ◽

Collective Motions ◽

Thermochemical Processes ◽

Order Of Magnitude ◽

Short Time ◽

Non Equilibrium

The dynamics of the cold atomic and molecular gas, on which we focus here, is strongly affected by non equilibrium heating and cooling processes. We give two different examples, in which the breaking of the thermal balance is due respectively to variations of the incident ultraviolet radiation flux, and non equilibrium abundances of H2 molecules in molecular clouds envelopes. Fluctuations of the ultraviolet radiation flux in clumpy molecular cloud envelopes result in the formation or the destruction of dense regions. Large density contrasts, greater than one order of magnitude, are easily achieved in cloud regions of moderate visual extinction. Condensation or expansion develop on quite short time scales, of the order of a few tenth of million year, and induce collective motions which can feed turbulence.Another example of the importance of out of equilibrium thermochemical processes is furnished by the study of the H — H2 transition layers in molecular clouds envelopes. They turn out to be unstable against convection-like motions, driven by the energy released by H2 photodestruction. The gas velocities involved in these motions are, again, typical of the observed turbulent velocity in clouds envelopes.

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Peri - and Intraocular Mutilating Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma: ʺMonsters Inside Your Bodyʺ?

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2018.013 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 132-133

Author(s):

Georgi Tchernev ◽

Torello Lotti ◽

Ilia Lozev ◽

Georgi Konstantinov Maximov ◽

Uwe Wollina

Keyword(s):

Ultraviolet Radiation ◽

Predominantly White ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Tumour Progression ◽

Primary Tumour ◽

Tumour Suppressor Genes ◽

White Population ◽

Small Nodule ◽

Tumour Relapse ◽

Skin Cancers

Periocular malignancies represent between 5% and 10% of all types of skin cancers. The incidence of eyelid (but also the periocular located) malignancies seems to differ in distribution across the continents. The incidence of eyelid tumours (but also the periocular located tumours) in a predominantly white population determined that BCC is the most common malignant periocular eyelid tumour in whites. This finding has been replicated consistently throughout the literature, with BCC representing 85–95% of all eyelid malignancies, SCC representing 3.4 - 12.6%, Seb Ca representing 0.6 - 10.2%, and both melanoma and Merkel cell carcinoma representing less than 1%. Most periocular skin cancers are associated with ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure. Ultraviolet radiation causes local immune suppression, which, coupled with DNA abnormalities in tumour suppressor genes and oncogenes, leads to the development of skin cancers. We are presenting a 62 - year - old patient with a small nodule about 2 cm away from the lower lid of his left eye. A tumour was surgically treated. Several years later there was a tumour relapse, treated with radiotherapy and subsequent chemotherapy with Endoxan and Cisplatin. After the second relapse, he was treated surgically in general anaesthesia by orbital exenteration, removal of the orbital floor and resection of zygomatic bone and the maxillary sinus. A couple of months later, he developed a tumour relapse in the scars and the area of a primary tumour with tumour progression. A possible therapy with Cetuximab or radiation therapy was discussed as a possible treatment option.

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Implementation of Ultraviolet Radiation Safety Measures for Outdoor Workers

Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.1177/1203475416683389 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 117-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Erin Maguire ◽

Alison Spurr

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

General Population ◽

Ultraviolet Radiation ◽

Radiation Safety ◽

Prevention Strategies ◽

Safety Measures ◽

Workplace Interventions ◽

Outdoor Workers ◽

Skin Cancers ◽

Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) poses a major risk for outdoor workers, putting them at greater risk for skin cancer. In the general population, the incidence of both melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers is increasing. It is estimated that 90% of skin cancers in Canada are directly attributable to UVR exposure, making this cancer largely preventable with the appropriate precautions. A scoping review was conducted on the barriers and facilitators to UVR safety in outdoor workers to elucidate why these precautions are not in use currently. We discuss these results according to the Hierarchy of Controls as a means to outline effective and feasible prevention strategies for outdoor workers. In doing so, this review may be used to inform the design of future workplace interventions for UVR safety in outdoor workers to decrease the risk of skin cancer in this vulnerable population.

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Association between Cataract and Keratinocytic Skin Cancers or Melanoma: Speculating on the Common Role of Sun and Ultraviolet Radiation Exposures

Ophthalmic Epidemiology ◽

10.1080/09286586.2017.1291844 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (5) ◽

pp. 336-340 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

David Varssano ◽

Mira Friedman ◽

Michaella Goldstein ◽

Shai Bar-Sela ◽

Tal Sella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ultraviolet Radiation ◽

Skin Cancers ◽

The Common

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Norathyriol Suppresses Skin Cancers Induced by Solar Ultraviolet Radiation by Targeting ERK Kinases

Cancer Research ◽

10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-2596 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 260-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Jixia Li ◽

Margarita Malakhova ◽

Madhusoodanan Mottamal ◽

Kanamata Reddy ◽

Igor Kurinov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ultraviolet Radiation ◽

Solar Ultraviolet Radiation ◽

Skin Cancers ◽

Solar Ultraviolet

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Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Expression of Drug Transporters in In Vitro Skin Models

10.20944/preprints202012.0067.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Manon Barthe ◽

Jean-Paul Thénot ◽

Hanan Osman-Ponchet

Keyword(s):

Ultraviolet Radiation ◽

Uv Radiation ◽

Drug Transporters ◽

Dermal Fibroblasts ◽

Human Dermal Fibroblasts ◽

Slc Transporters ◽

Skin Cancers ◽

Normal Human ◽

Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts

The majority of skin cancers are caused by over exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The effects of UV radiation on the expression of drug transporters expressed in human skin has never been studied. In this the effects of UVA and UVB irradiation on the expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and Solute carrier (SLC) transporters was evaluated in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) and normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) in primary culture. First experiments were intended to validate the inflammatory reaction in response to stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in NHEK, NHDF and 3D-reconstructed human epidermis (3D-RHE) model. LPS treatment has shown to increase the expression of IL-8 and TNF-alpha in all three in vitro models. Expression of the most expressed ABC and SLC transporters was then measured in NHEK and NHDF after UVA (30 J/m²) and UVB (40 mJ/m²) irradiation. The most striking result was a significant 29-fold increase of the expression of SLCO4A1 in normal human dermal fibroblasts. In summary, this study shows for the first time a significant regulation of the expression of SLCO4A1 in human dermal fibroblasts induced by UVA irradiation. This finding is of particular interest as most of skin cancers are caused by over exposure to ultraviolet radiation and need to be considered in pharmacokinetic evaluation of topical drugs.

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Multiple skin neoplasms in subjects under 40 years of age in Goiania, Brazil

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0034-8910.2015049005777 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 49 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Samir Pereira ◽

Maria Paula Curado ◽

Ana Maria Quinteiro Ribeiro

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

Ultraviolet Radiation ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Skin Neoplasms ◽

Population Based ◽

Annual Percentage Change ◽

Multiple Lesions ◽

Skin Cancers ◽

Malignant Skin ◽

Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers

OBJECTIVE To describe the trend for malignant skin neoplasms in subjects under 40 years of age in a region with high ultraviolet radiation indices.METHODS A descriptive epidemiological study on melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers that was conducted in Goiania, Midwest Brazil, with 1,688 people under 40 years of age, between 1988 and 2009. Cases were obtained fromRegistro de Câncer de Base Populacional de Goiânia(Goiania’s Population-Based Cancer File). Frequency, trends, and incidence of cases with single and multiple lesions were analyzed; transplants and genetic skin diseases were found in cases with multiple lesions.RESULTS Over the period, 1,995 skin cancer cases were observed to found, of which 1,524 (90.3%) cases had single lesions and 164 (9.7%) had multiple lesions. Regarding single lesions, incidence on men was observed to have risen from 2.4 to 3.1/100,000 inhabitants; it differed significantly for women, shifting from 2.3 to 5.3/100,000 (Annual percentage change – [APC] 3.0%, p = 0.006). Regarding multiple lesions, incidence on men was observed to have risen from 0.30 to 0.98/100,000 inhabitants; for women, it rose from 0.43 to 1.16/100,000 (APC 8.6%, p = 0.003). Genetic skin diseases or transplants were found to have been correlated with 10.0% of cases with multiple lesions – an average of 5.1 lesions per patient. The average was 2.5 in cases without that correlation.CONCLUSIONS Skin cancer on women under 40 years of age has been observed to be increasing for both cases with single and multiple lesions. It is not unusual to find multiple tumors in young people – in most cases, they are not associated with genetic skin diseases or transplants. It is necessary to avoid excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation from childhood.

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The effect of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on induction of skin cancers

Medycyna Pracy ◽

10.13075/mp.5893.00342 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 67 (2) ◽

pp. 255-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Marta Pacholczyk ◽

Jan Czernicki ◽

Tomasz Ferenc

Keyword(s):

Ultraviolet Radiation ◽

Solar Ultraviolet Radiation ◽

Skin Cancers ◽

Solar Ultraviolet

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Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure: Some Observations and Considerations, Focusing on Some Italian Experiences, on Cancer Risk, and Primary Prevention

Environments ◽

10.3390/environments7020010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 10 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lucia Miligi

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Primary Prevention ◽

Skin Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Ultraviolet Radiation ◽

Radiation Exposure ◽

Outdoor Workers ◽

Skin Cancers ◽

Melanoma Skin

Solar ultraviolet radiation may cause acute and chronic health effects on the skin, eyes, and also on the immune system. Actinic keratosis, non-melanoma skin cancers, and malignant melanoma are the main long-term adverse skin effects. In the white population, the most common type of cancer worldwide is skin cancer, and the incidence of this cancer has increased during the last decades. The most important risk factor responsible for this trend seems to be Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR). IARC has classified UVR as being carcinogenic to humans. UV radiation exposure is ubiquitous; to study skin cancer risk, it is important to take into account the fact that UV exposure may occur both for occupational activities but also during vacation or recreational activities. Furthermore, exposure to artificial UVR such as those emitted by artificial devices, classified by IARC as carcinogenic to humans, is also to be considered. Due to the prominent role of UVR, primary prevention of skin cancer is very suitable, because when following specific rules this risk factor can be reduced. The incidence rate of skin cancer is higher in people with fair skin. Outdoor workers exposed to solar UVR are at risk of developing skin cancer, particularly non-melanoma skin cancers, and welders exposed to artificial UVR are at risk of developing ocular melanoma. A specific project on solar UVR risk in outdoor workers in Tuscany, Italy, has shown that outdoor workers had an unsatisfactory sun protection behaviour. The project demonstrates the complexity of studying UVR exposure and recommended the need for prevention programs. Risk increases with increasing ambient solar radiation and with unsafe behaviours in the sun or when using artificial UVR (e.g., sunbeds). Effective prevention strategies have to be adopted both for the outdoor workers and for the general population exposed to UVR. A standardized program of proven efficacy, such as that implemented in Australia, should also be implemented in other countries. All these strategies could contribute to the aim of decreasing the morbidity and mortality of cancers associated with this exposure. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of UVR exposure risk, particularly occupational risk, and to give some elements to understand the complexity of the relation between UVR exposure and cancer risk, as well as to outline primary prevention measures, focusing also on Italian experiences that could be useful for providing additional elements of knowledge on this topic.

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