How the US is rebooting gun violence research

Nature ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamini Bundell ◽  
Benjamin Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Gun Violence ◽  
The Us

Is the firearm epidemic in the US getting worse?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Tedesco ◽  
K Y C Adja ◽  
F Rallo ◽  
C Reno ◽  
M P Fantini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
National Level ◽  
Gun Violence ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Western World ◽  
Diagnostic Code ◽  
The Us ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Ed Visits ◽  
Annual Decline

Abstract Background The US is the least regulated firearm market in the Western world and firearm violence is a major public health issue. Firearms account for 40,000 deaths in the US annually, which is higher than other high-income countries. Although most of the gun-related deaths in the US are the result of suicide attempts and self-inflicted injuries, nearly 40% of them come from accidents, assaults, or police intervention. Methods We measured the number of non-self-inflicted firearm-related ED visits, by including patients discharged with diagnostic ICD-9-CM (ICD-10 for 2016) codes of accidents, assaults or legal intervention resulting in firearm injuries between 2006-2016. We used data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUPnet). From the CDC Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research we obtained data on non-suicidal firearm-related deaths over the period 2006-2017. To identify the cause of death we used the ICD-10 codes. Temporal changes of rates of ED visits and deaths were evaluated using Joinpoint Software. Results In 2006 there were a total of 79,998 ED visits with a diagnostic code of firearm-related injury, and this number showed a non-significant 2.7% annual decline between 2006-2013 (p = 0.06) followed by a significant 19.4% annual increase between 2013-2016 (p < 0.05), resulting in 111.305 visits in 2016. The number of non-suicidal firearm-related deaths showed a significant 2.2% annual decline between 2006-2014 (p < 0.05), followed by a significant 10.3% APC (p < 0.05) between 2014-2017. Conclusions Data showed steady rates until 2013 and a striking increasing trend starting from 2013. Firearm-related deaths followed the same trends. Our data show that in the last four detectable years there has been a new concerning wave of gun violence and consequently a higher number of fatalities. Analysis limitations: we used national-level aggregate data and coding accuracy may be not consistent nationwide. Key messages In the last four detectable years there has been a new concerning wave of gun violence and consequently a higher number of fatalities nationwide. The US firearm related deaths epidemic urges for new policies and preventive measures, such as stricter background checks and restrictions on guns ownership.

scholarly journals Understanding Persistence in the Resistance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana R Fisher ◽  
Lorien Jasny
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gun Violence ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
The Us ◽  
Differential Participation ◽  
Unique Dataset

Since Donald Trump’s Inauguration, large-scale protest events have taken place around the US, with many of the biggest events being held in Washington, DC. The streets of the nation’s capital have been flooded with people marching about a diversity of progressive issues including women’s rights, climate change, and gun violence. Although research has found that these events have mobilized a high proportion of repeat participants who come out again-and-again, limited research has focused on understanding differential participation in protest, especially during one cycle of contention. This paper, accordingly, explores the patterns among the protest participants to understand differential participation and what explains persistence in the Resistance. In it, we analyze a unique dataset collected from surveys conducted with a random sample of protest participant at the largest protest events in Washington, DC since the inauguration of Donald Trump. Our findings provide insights into repeat protesters during this cycle of contention. The paper concludes by discussion how our findings contribute to the research on differential participation and persistence.

“They took all my clothes and made me walk naked for two days so I couldn’t escape”: Latina immigrant experiences of human smuggling in Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Cleaveland ◽  
Vicki Kirsch
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Gun Violence ◽  
Immigration Enforcement ◽  
Human Smuggling ◽  
Immigrants And Refugees ◽  
Unauthorized Immigration ◽  
The Us ◽  
Immigrant Experiences

Latina migrants often suffer rape, assaults, and gun violence during unauthorized immigration from Mexico to the US. Despite widespread violence during immigration to the US, social work scholarship on this issue is sparse. This article seeks to close that gap by examining the narratives of women who survived smuggling from Mexico. Social workers who practice with immigrants and refugees may encounter women who relied on human smugglers to traverse borders and thus need to understand the human rights violence they may have suffered. The question of how women perceive, navigate, and survive smuggling is critical for understanding the consequences of immigration enforcement and the perpetuation of the human smuggling industry.

scholarly journals A healing-centered approach to preventing urban gun violence: The Advance Peace Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Corburn ◽  
DeVone Boggan ◽  
Khaalid Muttaqi ◽  
Sam Vaughn ◽  
James Houston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
African American Males ◽  
State Violence ◽  
Gun Violence ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Mortality Burden ◽  
Outreach Workers ◽  
The Us ◽  
Trauma Informed

AbstractUrban gun violence is the result of and contributes to trauma for both individuals and communities. In the US, African American males between 15 and 34 years old bear the greatest mortality burden from gun violence. Community-based approaches that use credible, street-level outreach workers to interrupt conflicts, mentor the small number of offenders in each community, and offer them alternatives to violent conflict resolution, have demonstrated success in reducing firearm homicides. Yet, few of these approaches explicitly aim to also address the traumas of structural violence that contribute to gun crime, including dehumanizing policing, extreme poverty, and institutional racism. This commentary describes a program called Advance Peace that aims to explicitly use a healing-centered approach to address the traumas associated with violence as a means to reduce gun crime in urban communities. We describe the trauma-informed, healing-centered approach used by Advance Peace, the components of its intensive outreach strategy called the Peacemaker Fellowship, and some impacts the program is having on trauma and healing. The evidence comes from observations, interviews, and the voices of Advance Peace participants and staff. We suggest that exploring the inner workings of the Advance Peace model is critical for identifying ways to support trauma-informed healing-centered approaches in Black and brown communities that have been ravaged by racism, incarceration, and heavy-handed state violence.

scholarly journals Speaking of trauma: the race talk, the gun violence talk, and the racialization of gun trauma

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madison Armstrong ◽  
Jennifer Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Social Practices ◽  
Gun Violence ◽  
African American Parents ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Gun Policy ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
High Profile ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
Trayvon Martin

Abstract This paper considers the intersection of race and gun violence through the lens of trauma. We focus on two high-profile cases of gun violence: the state-deemed justifiable homicide of Trayvon Martin in Sanford, Florida, on February 26, 2012 and the active shooting that took place at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, on February 14, 2018. These cases illustrate not just how people in the US experience gun violence in racially divergent ways (as existing literature suggests) but also how people—particularly parents—manage the anticipation of gun violence and its trauma. To this end, we develop the concept of “anticipatory trauma” and illustrate it by analyzing a set of social practices that have emerged surrounding gun violence: parents’ conversations with their children aimed at explaining and addressing their children’s unique risk of gun violence. Building on existing literature on “the Talk” among African American parents, we analyze a racial bifurcation in how parents talk about gun violence. Specifically, we detail “the Race Talk” (in relation to the Trayvon Martin case) and “the Gun Violence Talk” (in relation to the Parkland case), which differentially construct children’s vulnerability, the social phenomena that render them vulnerable, and the appropriate solutions for addressing that vulnerability. Without understanding anticipatory trauma as a racialized phenomenon, we risk leveling the gun violence debate—and creating gun policy that is neither politically meaningful nor practically effective for addressing the broad but complex issue of gun violence.

scholarly journals The association between the rise of gun violence in popular US primetime television dramas and homicides attributable to firearms, 2000–2018

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247780
Author(s):  
Patrick E. Jamieson ◽  
Daniel Romer
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Media Violence ◽  
Gun Violence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Entertainment Media ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Us ◽  
Tv Shows ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Popular Television

Injuries and fatalities due to firearms are a major burden on public health in the US. The rise in gun violence in popular movies has been suggested as a potential cultural influence on this behavior. Nevertheless, homicide rates have not increased over recent decades in the US, suggesting that media portrayals have had little influence on gun violence. Here we challenge this interpretation by examining trends in the proportion of violence that are attributable to firearms, a measure that should be more sensitive to media violence. In addition, we examine trends in the portrayal of guns in popular television (TV) dramas, which are viewed more frequently than movies. We ask (a) whether gun violence has increased in these TV shows not only on an absolute basis but also as a proportion of violent scenes and (b) whether trends in gun portrayal on these shows are associated with corresponding trends in the proportion of real-world violence attributable to firearms in the US from 2000 to 2018. To answer these questions, we coded annual instances of violence, gun violence, and proportion of violence involving guns for each 5-minute segment of 33 popular TV dramas in the police, medical, and legal genres from 2000 to 2018. Trends in annual rates of violence, gun violence and proportion of violence involving guns were determined over the study period and were compared to annual rates of homicide attributable to firearms in three age groups: 15–24, 25–34 and 35 and older. Although violence on TV dramas peaked in 2011, gun use steadily increased over the study period both in absolute terms and in relation to other violent methods. The latter metric paralleled trends in homicides attributable to firearms for all three age groups, with the strongest relationship for youth ages 15–24 (R2 = .40, P = .003). The positive relation between relative amount of TV violence involving guns and actual homicides due to firearms, especially among youth, is consistent with the hypothesis that entertainment media are contributing to the normative acceptance of guns for violent purposes. Future research is needed to study the influence of media violence on gun acquisition at the individual level.

Why gun violence continues to plague the US

2013 ◽  
Vol 219 (2936) ◽  
pp. 30-31
Author(s):  
Tiffany O'Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
Gun Violence ◽  
The Us
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document