The associations of high birth weight with blood pressure and hypertension in later life: a systematic review and meta-analysis

There is substantial evidence of an inverse association between birth weight and later blood pressure (BP) in populations from high-income countries, but whether this applies in low-income countries, where causes of low birth weight are different, is not certain. Objective: We conducted a review of the evidence on the relationship between birth weight and BP among African children and adolescents. Medline, EMBASE, Global Health and Web of Science databases were searched for publications to October 2016. Papers reporting the relationship between birth weight and BP among African children and adolescents were assessed. Bibliographies were searched for further relevant publications. Selected papers were summarized following the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. In total, 16 papers from 13 studies conducted in nine African countries (Nigeria, Republic of Seychelles, Gambia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Cameroon, South Africa, Algeria, Zimbabwe and Angola) were reviewed. Eight studies were cohorts, while five were cross-sectional. The relationship between birth weight and later BP varied with age of the participants. Studies in neonates showed a consistently positive association, while predominantly inverse associations were seen among children, and studies in adolescents were inconsistent. Based on the limited number of studies identified, the relationship between birth weight and later BP may vary with age in African children and adolescents. Not all studies adequately controlled for confounding, notably gender or age. Whether the inverse relationship between birth weight and BP in later life observed in Western settings is also seen in Africa remains unclear.

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Breastfeeding in Infancy and Blood Pressure in Later Life: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

American Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/aje/kwh338 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 161 (1) ◽

pp. 15-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 168

Author(s):

R. M. Martin

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Later Life

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Effect of breast feeding in infancy on blood pressure in later life: systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.327.7425.1189 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 327 (7425) ◽

pp. 1189-1195 ◽

Cited By ~ 128

Author(s):

C. G Owen

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Later Life

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Adverse pregnancy outcomes and long-term risk of maternal renal disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027180 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. e027180 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Peter M Barrett ◽

Fergus P McCarthy ◽

Karolina Kublickiene ◽

Marie Evans ◽

Sarah Cormican ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Renal Disease ◽

Pregnancy Outcomes ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Later Life ◽

Adverse Pregnancy ◽

Meta Analyses

IntroductionAdverse pregnancy outcomes, such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), gestational diabetes (GDM) and preterm birth have been linked to maternal cardiovascular disease in later life. Pre-eclampsia (PE) is associated with an increased risk of postpartum microalbuminuria, but there is no clear consensus on whether HDP increases the risk of maternal chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Similarly, it is uncertain whether GDM, preterm birth and delivery of low birth-weight infants independently predict the risk of maternal renal disease in later life. The aims of this proposed systematic review and meta-analysis are to summarise the available evidence examining the association between adverse outcomes of pregnancy (HDP, GDM, preterm birth, delivery of low birth-weight infant) and later maternal renal disease and to synthesise the results of relevant studies.Methods and analysisA systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science will be undertaken using a detailed prespecified search strategy. Two authors will independently review the titles and abstracts of all studies, perform data extraction and appraise the quality of included studies using a bias classification tool. Original case–control and cohort studies published in English will be considered for inclusion. Primary outcomes of interest will be CKD and ESKD; secondary outcomes will be hospitalisation for renal disease and deaths from renal disease. Meta-analyses will be performed to calculate the overall pooled estimates using the generic inverse variance method. The systematic review will follow the Meta-analyses Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review and meta-analysis will be based on published data, and thus there is no requirement for ethics approval. The results will be shared through publication in a peer reviewed journal and through presentations at academic conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018110891

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Cardiovascular risk factors in those born preterm – systematic review and meta-analysis

Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease ◽

10.1017/s2040174420000914 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Prabha H. Andraweera ◽

Bradley Condon ◽

Gemma Collett ◽

Stefania Gentilcore ◽

Zohra S. Lassi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Early Adolescence ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Later Life ◽

Cvd Risk Factors ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Subgroup Analyses

Abstract Emerging evidence demonstrates a link between preterm birth (PTB) and later life cardiovascular disease (CVD). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare conventional CVD risk factors between those born preterm and at term. PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, and EMBASE databases were searched. The review protocol is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018095005). CVD risk factors including systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index, lipid profile, blood glucose, and fasting insulin among those born preterm (<37 weeks’ gestation) were compared with those born at term (≥37 weeks’ gestation). Subgroup analyses based on gender, age, gestational at birth (<32 weeks’ gestation and <28 weeks’ gestation), and PTB associated with small for gestational age or average for gestational age were also performed. Fifty-six studies provided data on 308,987 individuals. Being born preterm was associated with 3.26 mmHg (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.08 to 4.44) higher mean SBP and 1.32 mmHg (95% CI: 0.61 to 2.04) higher mean DBP compared to being born at term. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that SBP was higher among (a) preterm compared to term groups from early adolescence until adulthood; (b) females born preterm but not among males born preterm compared to term controls; and (c) those born at <32 weeks or <28 weeks compared to term. Our meta-analyses demonstrate higher SBP and DBP among those born preterm compared to term. The difference in SBP is evident from early adolescence until adulthood.

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High Birth Weight Increases the Risk for Bone Tumor: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph120911178 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 11178-11195 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Songfeng Chen ◽

Lin Yang ◽

Feifei Pu ◽

Hui Lin ◽

Baichuan Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Bone Tumor ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

High Birth Weight

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Sex differences in early-life programming of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in humans suggest increased vulnerability in females: a systematic review

Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease ◽

10.1017/s204017441600074x ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 244-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

T. Carpenter ◽

S. M. Grecian ◽

R. M. Reynolds

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Hpa Axis ◽

Early Life ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Later Life ◽

Cortisol Secretion ◽

Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal

Fetal glucocorticoid overexposure is a key mechanism linking early development with later-life disease. In humans, low birth weight associates with increased fasting cortisol, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity, and with cardiovascular risk and cognitive decline. As there are sex differences in these adult diseases, we hypothesized that there may be sex differences in programming of the HPA axis in response to prenatal stressors. We conducted a systematic review following Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. We searched Embase, MEDLINE and Web of Science from inception to 31 October 2016. We included studies related to sex differences, prenatal exposures and HPA axis. We excluded studies investigating specific disease states. The 23 included studies investigated the consequences of low birth weight, preterm birth and maternal stressors of asthma, psychosocial stress and glucocorticoid medications on HPA axis outcomes of placental glucocorticoid biology and offspring HPA axis function in early life and later life. Female offspring exposed to stressors had increased HPA axis reactivity compared with males. Furthermore, the female placenta increased its permeability to maternal glucocorticoids following maternal stress with changes in the expression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzymes in response to maternal glucocorticoid exposure or asthma. Among males there was some evidence of altered diurnal cortisol secretion. We conclude that although there is some evidence of male vulnerability leading to altered diurnal cortisol secretion, the female HPA axis is more vulnerable to programming, particularly in terms of its reactivity; this suggests a mechanism underlying sex differences in later-life diseases.

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Birth-weight and Risk of Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review Study

International Journal of Translational Medical Research and Public Health ◽

10.21106/ijtmrph.54 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 11-24

Author(s):

Stephenson Babatunde Ojeifo ◽

Seun Stephen Anjorin

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Computer Software ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

High Birth Weight ◽

Developmental Origin ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Level Of Risk

Introduction: Observational studies have linked the risk of breast cancer to birth weight, however, findings are not consistent. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate and quantify the level of risk of breast cancer associated with birth-weight among women. Methodology: A systematic search of literature was conducted from 1990-2016 using the following databases: PUBMED, DH-Data, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PSYCINFO and GOOGLE SCHOLAR. 13 relevant articles were identified for the systematic review, out of which 5 were suitable for meta-analysis. The computer software Review Manager (RevMan) 5.2 was used for the meta-analysis. Results: Most of the studies reviewed reported significant increased risk of breast cancer among participants with high birth weight. There were indications that this relationship is more pronounced among premenopausal women. In addition, the meta-analysis further revealed that women with suboptimum birth-weight (<3,500g) are at lesser risk of breast cancer when compared with optimum birth-weight 3,500g-4,500g (OR= 1.17 (95% CI 0.98, 1.39)); while optimum birth-weight (3,500g-4,500g) women are at lesser risk of breast cancer when compared with women with above-optimum birth-weight (>4,500g) (OR=0.87 (95% CI 0.66, 1.15). Conclusion and Implications for Translation: This study revealed that the risk of breast cancer increases with increasing high birth weight especially among premenopausal women, thus suggesting early onset of breast cancer in this group. There is a clear relationship between high birth weight and risk of breast cancer; the developmental origin of health and diseases theory as postulated by Baker may be the strongest biological mechanism to explain this finding. Prevention programs through health education and early diagnosis strategies targeted at this group might be promising strategies to tackle global burden of breast cancer. Key words: • Breast cancer • Birth-weight • Level of risk • Developmental origin of disease • Systematic review Copyright © 2018 Ojeifo and Anjorin. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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