Finasteride chemoprevention might be cost-effective in high-risk populations

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 237-237
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Risk Populations

scholarly journals Natriuretic Peptides~: Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease in the General Population and High Risk Populations

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Hildebrandt
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Natriuretic Peptides ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
High Risk Populations ◽  
Artery Disease

The natriuretic peptides, especially the B-type peptide (BNP) and its inactive split-product N-terminal proBNP (Nt-proBNP) are increasingly used in screening for heart failure, primarily with reduced systolic function, in patients with symptoms suggestive of heart failure, as well in the stable (General Practitioner) setting as in the acute setting.Supporting this use is a very strong prognostic value of the natriuretic peptides. This has been shown in as well heart failure as acute coronary syndromes, but also in the general population and in high-risk groups as patients with diabetes, hypertension and coronary artery disease.This has of course raised interest for the use of the natriuretic peptides as a risk marker and for screening for heart failure with reduced systolic function in these populations. In symptomatic persons and in high risk populations, the natriuretic peptides have demonstrated a high sensitivity for ruling out the disease, if the right decision limits are choosen. Thus the number of normal echocardiographies can be reduced.More recently, the use in screening asymptomatic persons for left ventricular systolic dysfunction has gained more interest. In the unselected population, screening would probably not be cost-effective. In populations with a higher pre-test probability for heart failure, as patients with diabetes, hypertension and stable coronary artery disease, screening would presumably be more cost-effective, but evidence for the use in this setting is still lacking.

scholarly journals Is the universal population Hepatitis C virus screening a cost-effective strategy? A systematic review of the economic evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 240-248
Author(s):  
Francisco Ledesma ◽  
María Buti ◽  
Raquel Domínguez-Hernández ◽  
Miguel Ángel Casado ◽  
Rafael Esteban
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
High Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Population Screening ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
High Risk Populations

Background. Efficient strategies are needed in order to achieve the objective of the WHO of eradicating Hepatitis C virus (HCV). Hepatitis C infection can be eliminated by a combination of direct acting antiviral (DAA). The problem is that many individuals remain undiagnosed. The objective is to conduct a systematic review of the evidence on economic evaluations that analyze the screening of HCV followed by treatment with DAAs. Methods. Eleven databases were performed in a 2015-2018-systematic review. Inclusion criteria were economic evaluations that included incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) in terms of cost per life year gained or quality-adjusted life year. Results. A total of 843 references were screened. Sixteen papers/posters meet the inclusion criteria. Ten of them included a general population screening. Other populations included were baby-boomer, people who inject drugs, prisoners or immigrants. Comparator was “standard of care”, other high-risk populations or no-screening. Most of the studies are based on Markov model simulations and they mostly adopted a healthcare payer´s perspective. ICER for general population screening plus treatment versus high-risk populations or versus routinely performed screening showed to be below the accepted willingness to pay thresholds in most studies and therefore screening plus DAAs strategy is highly cost-effective. Conclusion. This systematic review shows that screening programmes followed by DAAs treatment is cost-effective not only for high risk population but for general population too. Because today HCV can be easily cured and its long-term consequences avoided, a universal HCV screening plus DAAs therapies should be the recommended strategy to achieve the WHO objectives for HCV eradication by 2030.

Pre-Diabetes Detection and Intervention for High Risk Communities

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (s3) ◽  
pp. S327-S340
Author(s):  
Jennifer L Kuk ◽  
Shahnaz Davachi ◽  
Andrea M. Kriska ◽  
Michael C. Riddell ◽  
Edward W. Gregg
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Intervention Delivery ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
High Risk Populations ◽  
Risk Communities ◽  
Health Care Centers

This article briefly summarizes the “Pre-Diabetes Detection and Intervention Symposium” that described ongoing and past pre-diabetes interventions, and outlined some considerations when deciding to target specific populations with pre-diabetes. The success of type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevention clinical trials provides clear evidence that healthy lifestyle change can prevent the development of T2D in a cost effective manner in high risk individuals. However, who to target and what cut-points should be used to identify individuals who would qualify for these T2D prevention programs are not simple questions. More stringent cut-offs are more efficient in preventing T2D, but less equitable. Interventions will likely need to be adapted and made more economical for local communities and health care centers if they are to be adopted universally. Further, they may need to be adapted to meet the specific needs of certain high-risk populations such as ethnic minorities. The Chronic Disease Management & Prevention Program for Diverse Populations in Alberta and the Pre-diabetes Detection and Physical Activity Intervention Delivery project in Toronto represent 2 examples of specialized interventions that are targeted at certain high risk populations. To reverse the current T2D trends will require continued efforts to develop and refine T2D prevention interventions.

Treatment Interventions for PTSD in Difficult or High Risk Populations

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keri Pinna ◽  
Maria Pacella ◽  
Norah Feeny ◽  
Brittain Lamoureux
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Treatment Interventions ◽  
High Risk Populations

Overcoming the barriers to HPV vaccination in high-risk populations in the U.S.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Teoh ◽  
E.K. Hill ◽  
W. Goldsberry ◽  
L. Levine ◽  
A. Novetsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
High Risk Populations ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals 8B.003 The value of drowning prevention programs for ‘high-risk’ populations in Australia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey Willcox-Pidgeon ◽  
Richard Franklin ◽  
Peter Leggat ◽  
Sue Devine ◽  
Justin Scarr
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Drowning Prevention ◽  
High Risk Populations

scholarly journals Early Administration of Convalescent Plasma Improves Survival in Patients with Hematological Malignancies and COVID-19

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 436
Author(s):  
Monika Maria Biernat ◽  
Anna Kolasińska ◽  
Jacek Kwiatkowski ◽  
Donata Urbaniak-Kujda ◽  
Paweł Biernat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Viral Clearance ◽  
Early Administration ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Historical Group ◽  
High Risk Populations ◽  
Diagnosis Of Infection

The use of convalescent plasma in the treatment of COVID-19 may lead to a milder course of infection and has been associated with improved outcomes. Determining optimal treatments in high risk populations is crucial, as is the case in those with hematological malignancies. We analyzed a cohort of 23 patients with hematological malignancies and COVID-19 who had received plasma 48–72 h after the diagnosis of infection and compared it with a historical group of 22 patients who received other therapy. Overall survival in those who received convalescent plasma was significantly higher than in the historical group (p = 0.03460). The plasma–treated group also showed a significantly milder course of infection (p = 0.03807), characterized by less severe symptoms and faster recovery (p = 0.00001). In conclusion, we have demonstrated that convalescent plasma is an effective treatment and its early administration leads to clinical improvement, increased viral clearance and longer overall survival in patients with hematological malignancies and COVID-19. To our knowledge, this is the first report to analyze the efficacy of convalescent plasma in a cohort of patients with hematological malignancies.

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