scholarly journals Virus trafficking – learning from single-virus tracking

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boerries Brandenburg ◽  
Xiaowei Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
Virus Trafficking ◽  
Single Virus Tracking

Quantum Dots: A Promising Fluorescent Label for Probing Virus Trafficking

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Gang Wang ◽  
Shu-Lin Liu ◽  
Dai-Wen Pang
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Fluorescent Label ◽  
Virus Trafficking

The Ins and Outs of virus trafficking through acidic Ca2+ stores

Cell Calcium ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 102528
Author(s):  
Gihan S. Gunaratne ◽  
Jonathan S. Marchant
Keyword(s):  
Virus Trafficking

scholarly journals Dynamics of transmissible gastroenteritis virus internalization unraveled by single‐virus tracking in live cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 4653-4669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Wang ◽  
Yangyang Li ◽  
Shouyu Wang ◽  
Fei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Live Cells ◽  
Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus ◽  
Gastroenteritis Virus ◽  
Transmissible Gastroenteritis ◽  
Single Virus Tracking

scholarly journals Single-Virus Tracking: From Imaging Methodologies to Virological Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 1936-1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Lin Liu ◽  
Zhi-Gang Wang ◽  
Hai-Yan Xie ◽  
An-An Liu ◽  
Don C. Lamb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Virus Tracking

scholarly journals A Spotlight on Viruses—Application of Click Chemistry to Visualize Virus-Cell Interactions

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Müller ◽  
Volkan Sakin ◽  
Barbara Müller
Keyword(s):  
Click Chemistry ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Fluorescent Labeling ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Fluorescent Label ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Genetic Code Expansion ◽  
Single Virus Tracking ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

The replication of a virus within its host cell involves numerous interactions between viral and cellular factors, which have to be tightly controlled in space and time. The intricate interplay between viral exploitation of cellular pathways and the intrinsic host defense mechanisms is difficult to unravel by traditional bulk approaches. In recent years, novel fluorescence microscopy techniques and single virus tracking have transformed the investigation of dynamic virus-host interactions. A prerequisite for the application of these imaging-based methods is the attachment of a fluorescent label to the structure of interest. However, their small size, limited coding capacity and multifunctional proteins render viruses particularly challenging targets for fluorescent labeling approaches. Click chemistry in conjunction with genetic code expansion provides virologists with a novel toolbox for site-specific, minimally invasive labeling of virion components, whose potential has just recently begun to be exploited. Here, we summarize recent achievements, current developments and future challenges for the labeling of viral nucleic acids, proteins, glycoproteins or lipids using click chemistry in order to study dynamic processes in virus-cell interactions.

Real-Time Dissection of Distinct Dynamin-Dependent Endocytic Routes of Influenza A Virus by Quantum Dot-Based Single-Virus Tracking

ACS Nano ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 4395-4406 ◽  
Author(s):  
En-Ze Sun ◽  
An-An Liu ◽  
Zhi-Ling Zhang ◽  
Shu-Lin Liu ◽  
Zhi-Quan Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dot ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Single Virus Tracking

Labeling the nucleocapsid of enveloped baculovirus with quantum dots for single-virus tracking

Biomaterials ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 2295-2301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wen ◽  
Yi Lin ◽  
Zhen-Hua Zheng ◽  
Zhi-Ling Zhang ◽  
Li-Juan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Single Virus Tracking

scholarly journals Lipid-Specific Labeling of Enveloped Viruses with Quantum Dots for Single-Virus Tracking

mBio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Juan Zhang ◽  
Shaobo Wang ◽  
Li Xia ◽  
Cheng Lv ◽  
Hong-Wu Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Quantum Dot ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Single Molecule Tracking ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
Single Virus Tracking ◽  
Labeling Method

ABSTRACT Quantum dots (QDs) possess optical properties of superbright fluorescence, excellent photostability, narrow emission spectra, and optional colors. Labeled with QDs, single molecules/viruses can be rapidly and continuously imaged for a long time, providing more detailed information than when labeled with other fluorophores. While they are widely used to label proteins in single-molecule-tracking studies, QDs have rarely been used to study virus infection, mainly due to a lack of accepted labeling strategies. Here, we report a general method to mildly and readily label enveloped viruses with QDs. Lipid-biotin conjugates were used to recognize and mark viral lipid membranes, and streptavidin-QD conjugates were used to light them up. Such a method allowed enveloped viruses to be labeled in 2 h with specificity and efficiency up to 99% and 98%, respectively. The intact morphology and the native infectivity of viruses were preserved. With the aid of this QD labeling method, we lit wild-type and mutant Japanese encephalitis viruses up, tracked their infection in living Vero cells, and found that H144A and Q258A substitutions in the envelope protein did not affect the virus intracellular trafficking. The lipid-specific QD labeling method described in this study provides a handy and practical tool to readily “see” the viruses and follow their infection, facilitating the widespread use of single-virus tracking and the uncovering of complex infection mechanisms. IMPORTANCE Virus infection in host cells is a complex process comprising a large number of dynamic molecular events. Single-virus tracking is a versatile technique to study these events. To perform this technique, viruses must be fluorescently labeled to be visible to fluorescence microscopes. The quantum dot is a kind of fluorescent tag that has many unique optical properties. It has been widely used to label proteins in single-molecule-tracking studies but rarely used to study virus infection, mainly due to the lack of an accepted labeling method. In this study, we developed a lipid-specific method to readily, mildly, specifically, and efficiently label enveloped viruses with quantum dots by recognizing viral envelope lipids with lipid-biotin conjugates and recognizing these lipid-biotin conjugates with streptavidin-quantum dot conjugates. It is not only applicable to normal viruses, but also competent to label the key protein-mutated viruses and the inactivated highly virulent viruses, providing a powerful tool for single-virus tracking.

scholarly journals Autographa Californica Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus Enters Host Cells via Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis and Direct Fusion with the Plasma Membrane

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fujun Qin ◽  
Congrui Xu ◽  
Chengfeng Lei ◽  
Jia Hu ◽  
Xiulian Sun
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Autographa Californica ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Quantitative Electron Microscopy ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus ◽  
Single Virus Tracking ◽  
Autographa Californica Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus ◽  
Direct Fusion

The cell entry mechanism of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) is not fully understood. Previous studies showed that AcMNPV entered host cells primarily through clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and could efficiently infect cells via fusion with the plasma membrane after a low-pH trigger. However, whether AcMNPV enters cells via these two pathways simultaneously, and the exact manner in which AcMNPV particles are internalized into cells remains unclear. In this study, using single-virus tracking, we observed that AcMNPV particles were first captured by pre-existing clathrin-coated pits (CCP), and were then delivered to early endosomes. Population-based analysis of single-virus tracking and quantitative electron microscopy demonstrated that the majority of particles were captured by CCPs and internalized via invagination. In contrast, a minority of virus particles were not delivered to CCPs, and were internalized through direct fusion with the plasma membrane without invagination. Quantitative electron microscopy also showed that, while inhibition of CCP assembly significantly impaired viral internalization, inhibition of endosomal acidification blocked virus particles out of vesicles. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that approximately 90% of AcMNPV particles entered cells through clathrin-mediated endocytosis and 10% entered via direct fusion with the plasma membrane. This study will lead toward a better understanding of AcMNPV infection.

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