Akt1 deficiency delays tumor progression, vascular invasion, and distant metastasis in a murine model of thyroid cancer

Abstract Background: Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is unique among cancers in that patient age is a consideration in staging. One of the most important modifications in the 8th Edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) classification, which was introduced in 2018, was to increase the age cutoff for risk stratification in PTC from 45 to 55 years. However, whether this cutoff is useful in clinical practice remains controversial. In the present study, we assessed how well this new age threshold stratifies patients with aggressive PTC.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological features and overall survival rate of 523 patients with PTC admitted to and surgically treated at a single surgical center. We divided the patients into two groups according to age at PTC diagnosis: ≥55 years and <55 years. Results: We found that the rates of tumor progression, lymph node metastasis (LNM) and distant metastasis were significantly higher in patients ≥55 years than in those <55 years; consequently, TNM stages were significantly higher in older than in younger patients (p<0.05 for all parameters). The risk of tumor progression (T3+T4) was nearly two-fold higher and the risk of LNM (N1) more than four-fold higher in older than in younger patients (p<0.05 for both). No patients <55 years old but 19 patients >55 years old (9.8% of the total group) showed distant metastasis. The rates of microcalcification, vascular and capsular invasion, extrathyroidal extension, irregular tumor shape, multifocality, bilaterality and multiplicity of foci were significantly higher in older than in younger patients (p<0.05 for all). The rate of disease-free survival was significantly lower in older (86.6%) than in younger (98.7%) patients (p<0.0001), and the rate of overall survival was significantly lower in older (90.3%) than in younger (99.4%) patients (p<0.0001).Conclusions: PTC is more aggressive in patients aged ≥ 55 years than in their younger counterparts. This age therefore effectively stratifies PTC patients with a poor prognosis, indicating it is likely to be useful in clinical practice.

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Vascular Invasion Raises Risk in Thyroid Cancer

Internal Medicine News ◽

10.1016/s1097-8690(10)70945-8 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 43 (18) ◽

pp. 48-49

Author(s):

MICHELE G. SULLIVAN

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Vascular Invasion

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Combining BRAF inhibitor and anti PD-L1 antibody dramatically improves tumor regression and anti tumor immunity in an immunocompetent murine model of anaplastic thyroid cancer.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.726191113.793541393 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Maria Cabanillas

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Tumor Immunity ◽

Murine Model ◽

Tumor Regression ◽

Braf Inhibitor ◽

Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

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The Value of Alkaline Phosphatase-to-Albumin Ratio in Detecting Synchronous Metastases and Predicting Postoperative Relapses among Patients with Well-Differentiated Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms

Journal of Oncology ◽

10.1155/2020/8927531 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wentao Zhou ◽

Yuan Fang ◽

Xu Han ◽

Tiantao Kuang ◽

Xuefeng Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Distant Metastasis ◽

Vascular Invasion ◽

Biological Behavior ◽

Neuroendocrine Neoplasm ◽

Albumin Ratio ◽

Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasm ◽

Synchronous Metastases ◽

Well Differentiated ◽

Synchronous Distant Metastasis

Backgrounds. Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (pNEN) is a highly heterogeneous entity, presenting widely varied biological behavior as well as long-term prognosis. Reliable biomarkers are urgently needed to make risk stratifications for pNEN patients, which could be beneficial to the development of individualized therapeutic strategy in the clinical practice. Here, we aimed to evaluate the predictive and prognostic roles of serum alkaline phosphatase-to-albumin ratio (APAR) in well-differentiated pNEN patients. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed the pathologically confirmed grade 1/2 pNEN patients, who were originally treated in our hospital from February 2008 to April 2018. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the value of APAR in detecting synchronous metastases and predicting relapses following curative resections. Results. A total of 170 eligible cases were included into analysis. Logistic univariate analysis indicated APAR (P=0.002) was significantly associated with synchronous distant metastasis among well-differentiated pNEN patients, which was further demonstrated to be an independent risk factor by multivariate analysis (odds ratio 8.127, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.105–31.372, P=0.002). For the prognostic value, APAR (P=0.007) was statistically associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS) in nonmetastatic resected pNEN patients, but it was not an independent predictor. Further subgroup analysis showed that APAR was independently related to RFS in patients with no nerve (hazard ratio (HR) 7.685, 95% CI 1.433–41.209, P=0.017) or vascular invasion (HR 4.789, 95% CI 1.241–18.473, P=0.023), respectively. Conclusion. APAR may work as a convenient pretreatment marker to detect synchronous distant metastasis for well-differentiated pNEN patients and predict recurrences for curatively resected cases without nerve or vascular invasion. However, these findings should be further verified in prospectively well-designed studies.

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