Anti-scattering light focusing by fast wavefront shaping based on multi-pixel encoded digital-micromirror device

AbstractSpeed and enhancement are the two most important metrics for anti-scattering light focusing by wavefront shaping (WS), which requires a spatial light modulator with a large number of modulation modes and a fast speed of response. Among the commercial modulators, the digital-micromirror device (DMD) is the sole solution providing millions of modulation modes and a pattern rate higher than 20 kHz. Thus, it has the potential to accelerate the process of anti-scattering light focusing with a high enhancement. Nevertheless, modulating light in a binary mode by the DMD restricts both the speed and enhancement seriously. Here, we propose a multi-pixel encoded DMD-based WS method by combining multiple micromirrors into a single modulation unit to overcome the drawbacks of binary modulation. In addition, to efficiently optimize the wavefront, we adopted separable natural evolution strategies (SNES), which could carry out a global search against a noisy environment. Compared with the state-of-the-art DMD-based WS method, the proposed method increased the speed of optimization and enhancement of focus by a factor of 179 and 16, respectively. In our demonstration, we achieved 10 foci with homogeneous brightness at a high speed and formed W- and S-shape patterns against the scattering medium. The experimental results suggest that the proposed method will pave a new avenue for WS in the applications of biomedical imaging, photon therapy, optogenetics, dynamic holographic display, etc.

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Diffraction Efficiency Characteristics for MEMS-Based Phase-Only Spatial Light Modulator with Nonlinear Phase Distribution

Photonics ◽

10.3390/photonics8030062 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 62

Author(s):

Remington S. Ketchum ◽

Pierre-Alexandre Blanche

Keyword(s):

Diffraction Efficiency ◽

High Speed ◽

Phase Distribution ◽

Complex Structure ◽

Spatial Light Modulators ◽

Light Modulator ◽

Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽

Light Modulators ◽

Nonlinear Phase ◽

Liquid Crystal On Silicon

Micro-electro mechanical systems (MEMS)-based phase-only spatial light modulators (PLMs) have the potential to overcome the limited speed of liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) spatial light modulators (SLMs) and operate at speeds faster than 10 kHz. This expands the practicality of PLMs to several applications, including communications, sensing, and high-speed displays. The complex structure and fabrication requirements for large, 2D MEMS arrays with vertical actuation have kept MEMS-based PLMs out of the market in favor of LCoS SLMs. Recently, Texas Instruments has adapted its existing DMD technology for fabricating MEMS-based PLMs. Here, we characterize the diffraction efficiency for one of these PLMs and examine the effect of a nonlinear distribution of addressable phase states across a range of wavelengths and illumination angles.

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Phase-only transmissive spatial light modulator based on tunable dielectric metasurface

Science ◽

10.1126/science.aaw6747 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 364 (6445) ◽

pp. 1087-1090 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Shi-Qiang Li ◽

Xuewu Xu ◽

Rasna Maruthiyodan Veetil ◽

Vytautas Valuckas ◽

Ramón Paniagua-Domínguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Spatial Light Modulator ◽

Deflection Angle ◽

Beam Steering ◽

Beam Deflection ◽

Spatial Light Modulators ◽

Light Modulator ◽

Steering Angle ◽

Holographic Display ◽

Light Modulators

Rapidly developing augmented reality, solid-state light detection and ranging (LIDAR), and holographic display technologies require spatial light modulators (SLMs) with high resolution and viewing angle to satisfy increasing customer demands. Performance of currently available SLMs is limited by their large pixel sizes on the order of several micrometers. Here, we propose a concept of tunable dielectric metasurfaces modulated by liquid crystal, which can provide abrupt phase change, thus enabling pixel-size miniaturization. We present a metasurface-based transmissive SLM, configured to generate active beam steering with >35% efficiency and a large beam deflection angle of 11°. The high resolution and steering angle obtained provide opportunities to develop the next generation of LIDAR and display technologies.

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Generation of binary holograms with a Kinect sensor for a high speed color holographic display

10.1117/12.2264080 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thibault Leportier ◽

Min-Chul Park ◽

Sumio Yano ◽

Jung-Young Son

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Kinect Sensor ◽

Holographic Display

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High speed analogue autocorrelation for PIV transparency analysis using a ferroelectric liquid crystal spatial light modulator

Optics and Lasers in Engineering ◽

10.1016/0143-8166(95)00049-6 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 301-317 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Z.Q. Mao ◽

N.A. Halliwell ◽

J.M. Coupland

Keyword(s):

Liquid Crystal ◽

High Speed ◽

Spatial Light Modulator ◽

Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal ◽

Light Modulator

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Control of a lamination process

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part E Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.1243/095440805x7008 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 219 (1) ◽

pp. 69-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R Whalley ◽

M Ebrahimi

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Closed Loop ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Closed Loop System ◽

Design Validation ◽

Control Effort ◽

Speed Of Response ◽

Feedback Compensation ◽

Lamination Process ◽

Compensation Design

A high-speed laminating machine for a fabric coating and conversion process is considered. Following analysis procedures, state-space and the admittance transfer function descriptions for the system are derived. Regulation of the fabric tension owing to heat shrinkage and environmental and coating variations is necessary. An optimum, minimum control effort strategy is proposed, enabling simple cost effective regulation, without the use of active elements. The speed of response of the system is improved by the use of feedback compensation. Design validation, via simulation, obtaining the open- and closed-loop system responses is employed, demonstrating the achievement of smooth, almost monotonic variations in tension following reference changes, as specified.

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Challenges in DMD™ Assembly and Test

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-657-ee6.1 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 657 ◽

Author(s):

S. Joshua Jacobs ◽

Joshua J. Malone ◽

Seth A. Miller ◽

Armando Gonzalez ◽

Roger Robbins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Light Modulator ◽

Test Equipment ◽

Digital Television ◽

Digital Micromirror Device ◽

Next Generation ◽

Optical Testing ◽

Light Modulator ◽

Current Generation

ABSTRACTThe Digital Micromirror Device™ (DMD™) developed at Texas Instruments is a spatial light modulator composed of 500,000 to 1.3 million movable micromachined aluminum mirrors. The DMD™ serves as the engine for the current generation of computer-driven slide and video projectors, and for next generation devices in digital television and movie projectors. The unique architecture and applications of the device present several packaging and test challenges. This paper provides a description of package humidity modeling and verification testing, as well as an overview of the automated optical testing and test equipment that have been developed to support manufacturing of the DMD™.

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