scholarly journals Increased novelty-induced locomotion, sensitivity to amphetamine, and extracellular dopamine in striatum of Zdhhc15-deficient mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebeca Mejias ◽  
Juan J. Rodriguez-Gotor ◽  
Minae Niwa ◽  
Irina N. Krasnova ◽  
Abby Adamczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Extracellular Dopamine ◽  
Habituation Phase ◽  
Dopamine Content ◽  
Deficient Mice

AbstractNovelty-seeking behaviors and impulsivity are personality traits associated with several psychiatric illnesses including attention deficits hyperactivity disorders. The underlying neural mechanisms remain poorly understood. We produced and characterized a line of knockout mice for zdhhc15, which encodes a neural palmitoyltransferase. Genetic defects of zdhhc15 were implicated in intellectual disability and behavioral anomalies in humans. Zdhhc15-KO mice showed normal spatial learning and working memory but exhibited a significant increase in novelty-induced locomotion in open field. Striatal dopamine content was reduced but extracellular dopamine levels were increased during the habituation phase to a novel environment. Administration of amphetamine and methylphenidate resulted in a significant increase in locomotion and extracellular dopamine levels in the ventral striatum of mutant mice compared to controls. Number and projections of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic pathways were normal. No significant change in the basal palmitoylation of known ZDHHC15 substrates including DAT was detected in striatum of zdhhc15 KO mice using an acyl-biotin exchange assay. These results support that a transient, reversible, and novelty-induced elevation of extracellular dopamine in ventral striatum contributes to novelty-seeking behaviors in rodents and implicate ZDHHC15-mediated palmitoylation as a novel regulatory mechanism of dopamine in the striatum.

scholarly journals Regulatory mechanism of gastric acid secretion and mucosal integrity. An analysis with various gene deficient mice.

2002 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susumu OKABE ◽  
Kazuharu FURUTANI ◽  
Kazuhiko MAEDA ◽  
Takeshi AIHARA ◽  
Teruaki FUJISHITA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Secretion ◽  
Gastric Acid Secretion ◽  
Gastric Acid ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Mucosal Integrity ◽  
Deficient Mice

Dopaminergic neurons of system x c – ‐deficient mice are highly protected against 6‐hydroxydopamine‐induced toxicity

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 1359-1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Massie ◽  
Anneleen Schallier ◽  
Seong Woong Kim ◽  
Ruani Fernando ◽  
Sho Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine ◽  
Deficient Mice

Subcortical Structures and Neuropsychiatric Illness

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Salloway ◽  
Jeffrey Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Ventral Pallidum ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Motor Systems ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Reticular Nuclei

Subcortical structures play an important role in modulating mood, drive, memory, executive functions, and cognitive timing. Subcortical structures are intimately linked with the frontal lobe and limbic system. Key subcortical structures regulating behavior include the caudate nucleus, the ventral striatum, the ventral pallidum, and the dorsomedial and reticular nuclei of the thalamus. Some degenerative diseases affect subcortical nuclear and white matter structures, causing involuntary movements and abnormal behavior. Primary psychiatric illnesses, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, have been proposed to arise from dysfunction in the frontostriatal-thalamic circuits. The neuroanatomical and neurochemical organization of these subcortical systems mediating complex behaviors and the interactions between behavioral and motor systems are increasingly well understood. Undoubtedly, our newer understanding of subcortical systems will help us to unravel the pathophysiology of some neuropsychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals Characterizing Different Strategies for Resolving Approach-Avoidance Conflict

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector Bravo-Rivera ◽  
Patricia Rubio Arzola ◽  
Albit Caban-Murillo ◽  
Adriana N. Vélez-Avilés ◽  
Shantée N. Ayala-Rosario ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Behavioral Flexibility ◽  
Simple Approach ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Conflict Task ◽  
Midline Thalamus ◽  
Approach Avoidance ◽  
Increased Activity

The ability of animals to maximize benefits and minimize costs during approach-avoidance conflicts is an important evolutionary tool, but little is known about the emergence of specific strategies for conflict resolution. Accordingly, we developed a simple approach-avoidance conflict task in rats that pits the motivation to press a lever for sucrose against the motivation to step onto a distant platform to avoid a footshock delivered at the end of a 30 s tone (sucrose is available only during the tone). Rats received conflict training for 16 days to give them a chance to optimize their strategy by learning to properly time the expression of both behaviors across the tone. Rats unexpectedly separated into three distinct subgroups: those pressing early in the tone and avoiding later (Timers, 49%); those avoiding throughout the tone (Avoidance-preferring, 32%); and those pressing throughout the tone (Approach-preferring, 19%). The immediate early gene cFos revealed that Timers showed increased activity in the ventral striatum and midline thalamus relative to the other two subgroups, Avoidance-preferring rats showed increased activity in the amygdala, and Approach-preferring rats showed decreased activity in the prefrontal cortex. This pattern is consistent with low fear and high behavioral flexibility in Timers, suggesting the potential of this task to reveal the neural mechanisms of conflict resolution.

scholarly journals Shared striatal activity in decisions to satisfy curiosity and hunger at the risk of electric shocks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnny King L Lau ◽  
Hiroki Ozono ◽  
Kei Kuratomi ◽  
Asuka Komiya ◽  
Kou Murayama
Keyword(s):  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Dorsal Striatum ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Instrumental Value ◽  
Motivational Effect ◽  
Enhanced Activity ◽  
Electric Shocks ◽  
Desirable Feature

AbstractCuriosity is often portrayed as a desirable feature of human faculty. However, curiosity may come at a cost that sometimes puts people in a harmful situation. Here, with a set of behavioural and neuroimaging experiments using stimuli that strongly trigger curiosity (e.g., magic tricks), we examined the psychological and neural mechanisms underlying the motivational effect of curiosity. We consistently demonstrated that across different samples, people were indeed willing to gamble, subjecting themselves to physical risks (i.e. electric shocks) in order to satisfy their curiosity for trivial knowledge that carries no apparent instrumental value. Also, this influence of curiosity shares common neural mechanisms with that of extrinsic incentives (i.e. hunger for food). In particular, we showed that acceptance (compared to rejection) of curiosity/incentive-driven gambles was accompanied by enhanced activity in the ventral striatum (when curiosity was elicited), which extended into the dorsal striatum (when participants made a decision).

scholarly journals Roles of the ClC chloride channel CLH-1 in food-associated salt chemotaxis behavior of C. elegans

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanhyun Park ◽  
Yuki Sakurai ◽  
Hirofumi Sato ◽  
Shinji Kanda ◽  
Yuichi Iino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Channel ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Fluorescent Sensors ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Anion Channels ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Clc Chloride Channel ◽  
Navigation Strategies

The ability of animals to process dynamic sensory information facilitates foraging in an ever-changing environment. However, molecular and neural mechanisms underlying such ability remain elusive. The ClC anion channels/transporters play a pivotal role in cellular ion homeostasis across all phyla. Here, we find a ClC chloride channel is involved in salt concentration chemotaxis of Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetic screening identified two altered-function mutations of clh-1 that disrupt experience-dependent salt chemotaxis. Using genetically encoded fluorescent sensors, we demonstrate that CLH-1 contributes to regulation of intracellular anion and calcium dynamics of salt-sensing neuron, ASER. The mutant CLH-1 reduced responsiveness of ASER to salt stimuli in terms of both temporal resolution and intensity, which disrupted navigation strategies for approaching preferred salt concentrations. Furthermore, other ClC genes appeared to act redundantly in salt chemotaxis. These findings provide insights into the regulatory mechanism of neuronal responsivity by ClCs that contribute to modulation of navigation behavior.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document