scholarly journals Sleep disturbances are associated with cortical and subcortical atrophy in alcohol use disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Dardo Tomasi ◽  
Peter Manza ◽  
Ehsan Shokri-Kojori ◽  
Sukru B. Demiral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Chronic Alcohol ◽  
Supramarginal Gyrus

AbstractSleep disturbances are prominent in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and predict relapse. So far, the mechanisms underlying sleep disruptions in AUD are poorly understood. Because sleep-related regions vastly overlap with regions, where patients with AUD showed pronounced grey matter (GM) reduction; we hypothesized that GM structure could contribute to sleep disturbances associated with chronic alcohol use. We combined sleep EEG recording and high-resolution structural brain imaging to examine the GM-sleep associations in 36 AUD vs. 26 healthy controls (HC). The patterns of GM-sleep associations differed for N3 vs. REM sleep and for AUD vs. HC. For cortical thickness (CT), CT-sleep associations were significant in AUD but not in HC and were lateralized such that lower CT in right hemisphere was associated with shorter N3, whereas in left hemisphere was associated with shorter REM sleep. For the GM density (GMD), we observed a more extensive positive GMD-N3 association in AUD (right orbitofrontal cortex, cerebellum, dorsal cingulate and occipital cortex) than in HC (right orbitofrontal cortex), and the GMD-REM association was positive in AUD (midline, motor and paralimbic regions) whereas negative in HC (the left supramarginal gyrus). GM structure mediated the effect of chronic alcohol use on the duration of N3 and the age by alcohol effect on REM sleep. Our findings provide evidence that sleep disturbances in AUD were associated with GM reductions. Targeting sleep-related regions might improve sleep in AUD and enhance sleep-induced benefits in cognition and emotional regulation for recovery.

scholarly journals Magnesium Metabolism in Chronic Alcohol-Use Disorder: Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1959
Author(s):  
Flora O. Vanoni ◽  
Gregorio P. Milani ◽  
Carlo Agostoni ◽  
Giorgio Treglia ◽  
Pietro B. Faré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Chronic Alcohol ◽  
Renal Handling ◽  
Intracellular Magnesium ◽  
Magnesium Depletion ◽  
Statistical Heterogeneity

Chronic alcohol-use disorder has been imputed as a possible cause of dietary magnesium depletion. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of hypomagnesemia in chronic alcohol-use disorder, and to provide information on intracellular magnesium and on its renal handling. We carried out a structured literature search up to November 2020, which returned 2719 potentially relevant records. After excluding non-significant records, 25 were retained for the final analysis. The meta-analysis disclosed that both total and ionized circulating magnesium are markedly reduced in chronic alcohol-use disorder. The funnel plot and the Egger’s test did not disclose significant publication bias. The I2-test demonstrated significant statistical heterogeneity between studies. We also found that the skeletal muscle magnesium content is reduced and the kidney’s normal response to hypomagnesemia is blunted. In conclusion, magnesium depletion is common in chronic alcohol-use disorder. Furthermore, the kidney plays a crucial role in the development of magnesium depletion.

scholarly journals The Relationship Among Sleep Quality, the Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale, Abstinence Self-efficacy, and Quality of Life with Alcohol Use Disorder in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
EunJu Song
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Stages Of Change ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
The Relationship

Many patients with alcohol use disorder experienced insomnia or sleep disturbances. However, their sleep problems rarely addressed in the treatment process. It may prove beneficial if treatment programs should intend to help prevent the recurrence of alcohol use disorder by solving patients’ sleep-induced problems and accordingly include appropriate sleep interventions. The present study employed a descriptive design and conducted a cross-sectional survey to assess the relationship among sleep quality, score on the Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES), abstinence self-efficacy, and quality of life in inpatients with alcohol use disorders. Data were collected from June to August 2018, from 117 patients admitted to the psychiatric ward for alcohol-use patients in two mental hospitals in South Korea. Sleep quality was significantly correlated with the SOCRATES score (r = .247, p = .007) and quality of life (r = -.346, p = .001). However, it showed no relationship with abstinence self-efficacy (r = -.066, p = .477). These findings suggest that abstinence programs need to employ a comprehensive approach instead of primarily focusing on maintaining abstinence and cessation of alcohol use. However, both sleep disturbances and alcohol abstinence require patience and prolonged treatment. Thus, it is a challenge to design concrete interventions to address the sleep problems experienced by patients with alcohol use disorder.

scholarly journals Different aspects of impulsivity in chronic alcohol use disorder with and without comorbid problem gambling

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. e0227645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ildikó Kovács ◽  
Ildikó Demeter ◽  
Zoltán Janka ◽  
Zsolt Demetrovics ◽  
Aniko Maraz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Chronic Alcohol

scholarly journals Is training in creative writing a feasible treatment adjunct for clients suffering from chronic alcohol-use disorder?

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikke Hellum ◽  
Stine Jensen ◽  
Anette Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Creative Writing ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Chronic Alcohol ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Writing Course ◽  
Mental Problems ◽  
Treatment Centre

Introduction: If and how various ways of expressing oneself creatively might help heal and resolve mental problems is a question that has been discussed for decades. Creative writing is typically used as an add-on to traditional therapy rather than being an integrated part of the therapy. There is a lack of research into the effect of implementing creative writing as an add-on to therapy for alcohol dependence. The aim of this study was to introduce creative writing to chronic alcohol-dependent clients. Method: A creative writing course was held as a pilot study with six workshops each lasting two hours. Six clients recruited from a harm reduction unit in a Danish alcohol treatment centre and suffering from chronic alcohol-use disorder participated in the workshops. The workshops were led by two professional authors experienced in teaching creative writing. At the end we conducted three interviews: one with the clients, one with the therapist and one with the authors. The interviews were analysed with a focus on the clients’ perspective. Findings: In the analysis, we found that writing can give the clients a lower self-esteem, make them fear failure, and it can be too private. We also found that writing can increase the clients’ self-confidence and unity in the group, give them new nuances of life, stimulate their brain, give zest for life, and improve relations between clients and care providers. Further, we identified a few points of importance to be added to the organization of the workshops. Conclusion: We found that clients suffering from alcohol-use disorder participating in creative writing profited from increased self-confidence, a sense of unity, were better able to appreciate the nuances of life, experienced stimulating brain activity, had more zest for life, and that the intervention improved relations between clients and care providers.

scholarly journals An ultra-low frequency spike timing dependent plasticity-based approach for treating alcohol use disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders J Asp ◽  
Suelen Lucio Boschen ◽  
J Luis Lujan
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Dopamine Receptor ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Spike Timing ◽  
Synaptic Function ◽  
Chronic Alcohol ◽  
Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity ◽  
Chronic Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Dependent Plasticity

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic relapsing brain disorder characterized by an impaired ability to stop or control alcohol consumption despite adverse social, occupational, or health consequences. AUD affects nearly one-third of adults at some point during their lives, with an associated cost of approximately $249 billion annually in the U.S. alone. The effects of alcohol consumption are expected to increase significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic, with alcohol sales increased by approximately 54%, potentially exacerbating health concerns and risk-taking behaviors. Unfortunately, existing pharmacological and behavioral therapies for AUD have historically been associated with poor success rates, with approximately 40% of individuals relapsing within three years of treatment. Pre-clinical studies have shown that chronic alcohol consumption leads to significant changes in synaptic function within the dorsal medial striatum (DMS), one of the brain regions associated with AUD and responsible for mediating goal-directed behavior. Specifically, chronic alcohol consumption has been associated with hyperactivity of dopamine receptor 1 (D1) medium spiny neurons (MSN) and hypoactivity of dopamine receptor 2 (D1) MSNs within the DMS. Optogenetic, chemogenetic, and transgenic approaches have demonstrated that reducing the D1/D2 MSN signaling imbalance decreases alcohol self-administration in rodent models of AUD. However, these approaches cannot be studied clinically at this time. Here, we present an electrical stimulation alternative that uses ultra-low (<=1Hz) frequency (ULF) spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) to reduce DMS D1/D2 MSN signaling imbalances by stimulating D1-MSN afferents into the GPi and ACC glutamatergic projections to the DMS in a time-locked stimulation sequence. Our data suggest that GPi/ACC ULF-STDP selectively decreases DMS D1-MSN hyperactivity leading to reduced alcohol consumption without evoking undesired affective behaviors in a two-bottle choice mouse model of AUD.

P.014 Chronic alcohol use disorder and externalising personality characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. S11
Author(s):  
B.I. Gál ◽  
I. Kovács ◽  
Z. Horváth ◽  
I. Demeter ◽  
S. Rózsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Chronic Alcohol

scholarly journals PCSK9 and the Gut-Liver-Brain Axis: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Immune Regulation in Alcohol Use Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1758
Author(s):  
Ji Soo Lee ◽  
Emma M. O’Connell ◽  
Pal Pacher ◽  
Falk W. Lohoff
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Brain Inflammation ◽  
Organ Injury ◽  
Chronic Alcohol ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic relapsing disorder characterized by an impaired ability to control or stop alcohol intake and is associated with organ damage including alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and progressive neurodegeneration. The etiology of AUD is complex, but organ injury due to chronic alcohol use can be partially attributed to systemic and local inflammation along the gut-liver-brain axis. Excessive alcohol use can result in translocation of bacterial products into circulation, increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and activation of immune cells, including macrophages and/or microglia in the liver and brain. One potential mediator of this alcohol-induced inflammation is proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). PCSK9 is primarily known for its regulation of plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol but has more recently been shown to influence inflammatory responses in the liver and brain. In rodent and post-mortem brain studies, chronic alcohol use altered methylation of the PCSK9 gene and increased expression of PCSK9 in the liver and cerebral spinal fluid. Additionally, PCSK9 inhibition in a rat model of ALD attenuated liver inflammation and steatosis. PCSK9 may play an important role in alcohol-induced pathologies along the gut-liver-brain axis and may be a novel therapeutic target for AUD-related liver and brain inflammation.

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