EZH2 inhibits autophagic cell death of aortic vascular smooth muscle cells to affect aortic dissection

This work aims to analyze the chemical and biological evaluation of two extracts obtained by olive mill wastewater (OMW), an olive oil processing byproduct. The exploitation of OMW is becoming an important aspect of development of the sustainable olive oil industry. Here we chemically and biologically evaluated one liquid (L) and one solid (S) extract obtained by liquid–liquid extraction followed by acidic hydrolysis (LLAC). Chemical characterization of the two extracts indicated that S has higher phenol content than L. Hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol were the more abundant phenols in both OMW extracts, with hydroxytyrosol significantly higher in S as compared to L. Both extracts failed to induce cell death when challenged with endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells in cell viability experiments. On the contrary, the higher extract dosages employed significantly affected cell metabolic activity, as indicated by the MTT tests. Their ability to counteract H2O2-induced oxidative stress and cell death was assessed to investigate potential antioxidant activities of the extracts. Fluorescence measurements obtained with the reactive oxygen species (ROS) probe H2DCF-DA indicated strong antioxidant activity of the two OMW extracts in both cell models, as indicated by the inhibition of H2O2-induced ROS generation and the counteraction of the oxidative-induced cell death. Our results indicate LLAC-obtained OMW extracts as a safe and useful source of valuable compounds harboring antioxidant activity.

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Calcium Phosphate Crystals Induce Cell Death in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Circulation Research ◽

10.1161/circresaha.108.181305 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 103 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 203

Author(s):

Alexandra E. Ewence ◽

Martin Bootman ◽

H. Llewelyn Roderick ◽

Jeremy N. Skepper ◽

Geraldine McCarthy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Smooth Muscle ◽

Calcium Phosphate ◽

Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽

Smooth Muscle Cells ◽

Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells ◽

Muscle Cells ◽

Induce Cell Death

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Fas/Fas ligand-mediated death pathway is involved in oxLDL-induced apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells

AJP Cell Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpcell.2001.280.3.c709 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 280 (3) ◽

pp. C709-C718 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Tzong-Shyuan Lee ◽

Lee-Young Chau

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Smooth Muscle ◽

Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽

Smooth Muscle Cells ◽

Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells ◽

Fas Ligand ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Muscle Cells ◽

Potent Inducer ◽

Apoptotic Death

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is a potent inducer of apoptosis for vascular cells. In the present study, we demonstrate that the expression of death mediators, including p53, Fas, and Fas ligand (FasL) was substantially upregulated by oxLDL in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). The induction of these death mediators was time dependent and was accompanied by an increase in apoptotic death of SMCs following oxLDL treatment. Two oxysterols, 7β-hydroxycholesterol and 25-hydroxycholesterol, were also effective to induce the expression of death mediators and apoptosis. α-Tocopherol and deferoxamine significantly attenuated the induction of death mediators and cell death induced by oxLDL and oxysterols, suggesting that reactive oxygen species are involved in triggering the apoptotic event. Incubation of cells with FasL-neutralizing antibody inhibited the oxLDL-induced cell death up to 50%. Furthermore, caspase 8 and caspase 3 activities were induced time dependently in SMCs following oxLDL treatment. Collectively, these data suggest that the Fas/FasL death pathway is activated and responsible for, at least in part, the apoptotic death in vascular SMCs upon exposure to oxLDL.

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Cocaine Induces Apoptosis in Primary Cultured Rat Aortic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Possible Relationship to Aortic Dissection, Atherosclerosis, and Hypertension

International Journal of Toxicology ◽

10.1080/10915810490471361 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 233-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Jialin Su ◽

Jianfeng Li ◽

Wenyan Li ◽

Bella T. Altura ◽

Burton M. Altura

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Aortic Dissection ◽

Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽

Smooth Muscle Cells ◽

Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells ◽

Cocaine Abuse ◽

Cardiovascular Effects ◽

Muscle Cells ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner

Cocaine abuse is known to induce many adverse cardiovascular effects, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and aortic dissection. A major physiological event leading to these pathophysiological actions of cocaine could be apoptosis. This study was designed to investigate if primary cultured rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) can undergo apoptosis when treated with cocaine. After treatment with cocaine (10−6 to 10−4 M), morphological analysis of aortic VSMCs using confocal fluoresence microscopy showed that the percentage of apoptotic aortic VSMCs increased after cocaine (10−6 to 10−4 M) treatment for 12, 24, and 48 h. These results demonstrate that aortic VSMCs can undergo rapid apoptosis in response to cocaine in a concentration-dependent manner. Cocaine-induced apoptosis may thus play a major role in cocaine abuse-induced aortic dissection, atherosclerosis, and hypertension.

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