Genetic dissection for head blast resistance in wheat using two mapping populations

AbstractWheat head blast is a dangerous fungal disease in South America and has recently spread to Bangladesh and Zambia, threatening wheat production in those regions. Host resistance as an economical and environment-friendly management strategy has been heavily relied on, and understanding the resistance loci in the wheat genome is very helpful to resistance breeding. In the current study, two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations, Alondra/Milan (with 296 RILs) and Caninde#2/Milan-S (with 254 RILs and Milan-S being a susceptible variant of Milan), were used for mapping QTL associated with head blast resistance in field experiments. Phenotyping was conducted in Quirusillas and Okinawa, Bolivia, and in Jashore, Bangladesh, during the 2017–18 and 2018–19 cropping cycles. The DArTseq® technology was employed to genotype the lines, along with four STS markers in the 2NS region. A QTL with consistent major effects was mapped on the 2NS/2AS translocation region in both populations, explaining phenotypic variation from 16.7 to 79.4% across experiments. Additional QTL were detected on chromosomes 2DL, 7AL, and 7DS in the Alondra/Milan population, and 2BS, 4AL, 5AS, 5DL, 7AS, and 7AL in the Caninde#2/Milan-S population, all showing phenotypic effects <10%. The results corroborated the important role of the 2NS/2AS translocation on WB resistance and identified a few novel QTL for possible deployment in wheat breeding. The low phenotypic effects of the non-2NS QTL warrantee further investigation for novel QTL with higher and more stable effects against WB, to alleviate the heavy reliance on 2NS-based resistance.

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Exploring the Distribution of Blast Resistance Alleles at the Pi2/9 Locus in Major Rice-Producing Areas of China by a Novel Indel Marker

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-10-19-2187-re ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 104 (7) ◽

pp. 1932-1938

Author(s):

Dagang Tian ◽

Yan Lin ◽

Ziqiang Chen ◽

Zaijie Chen ◽

Fang Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blast Resistance ◽

Resistance Breeding ◽

Field Trials ◽

Indel Marker ◽

Blast Disease ◽

Cereal Crops ◽

R Genes ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Environment Friendly ◽

The World

Rice blast disease caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae damages cereal crops and poses a high risk to rice production around the world. Currently, planting cultivars with resistance (R) genes is still the most environment-friendly approach to control this disease. Effective identification of R genes existing in diverse rice cultivars is important for understanding the distribution of R genes and predicting their contribution to resistance against blast isolates in regional breeding. Here, we developed a new insertion/deletion (InDel) marker, Pigm/2/9InDel, that can differentiate the cloned R genes (Pigm, Pi9, and Pi2/Piz-t) at the Pi2/9 locus. Pigm/2/9InDel combined with the marker Pi2-LRR for Pi2 was applied to determine the distribution of these four R genes among 905 rice varieties, most of which were collected from the major rice-producing regions in China. In brief, nine Pigm-containing varieties from Fujian and Guangdong provinces were identified. All of the 62 Pi2-containing varieties were collected from Guangdong, and 60 varieties containing Piz-t were from seven provinces. However, Pi9 was not found in any of the Chinese varieties. The newly identified varieties carrying the Pi2/9 alleles were further subjected to inoculation tests with regional blast isolates and field trials. Our results indicate that Pigm and Pi2 alleles have been introgressed for blast resistance breeding mainly in the Fujian and Guangdong region, and Pi9 is a valuable blast resistance resource to be introduced into China.

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Bayogenin 3-O-Cellobioside is a novel non-cultivar specific anti-blast metabolite produced in rice in response to Pyricularia oryzae infection

10.1101/647636 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Justice Norvienyeku ◽

Lili Lin ◽

Abdul Waheed ◽

Xiaomin Chen ◽

Jiandong Bao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Control Strategy ◽

Host Resistance ◽

Blast Resistance ◽

Differential Resistance ◽

Host Immunity ◽

Cereal Crops ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

First Time ◽

Insight Into

AbstractRice cultivars from japonica and indica lineage possess differential resistance against blast fungus on an account genetic divergence. Whether different rice cultivars also show distinct metabolomic changes in response to P. oryzae, and their role in host resistance, are poorly understood. Here, we examine the responses of six different rice cultivars from japonica and indica lineage challenged with P. oryzae. Both susceptible and resistant rice cultivars expressed several metabolites exclusively during P. oryzae infection, including the saponin Bayogenin 3-O-cellobioside. Bayogenin 3-O-cellobioside level in infected rice directly correlated with their resistant attributes. These findings reveal, for the first time to our knowledge that besides oat, other grass plants including rice produces protective saponins. Our study provides insight into the role of pathogen-mediated metabolomics-reprogramming in host immunity. The correlation between Bayogenin 3-O-Cellobioside levels and blast resistance suggests that engineering saponin expression in cereal crops represents an attractive and sustainable disease control strategy.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of An important role of prostanoid receptor EP2 in host resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.725356631.793504122 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Padmini Salgame ◽

Archana Gopalakrishnan

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Host Resistance ◽

Tuberculosis Infection ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽

Prostanoid Receptor

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How an Active Conflict Management Strategy Relates to Psychological Strain: The Role of Control

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.1484794 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Maria T. M. Dijkstra ◽

Bianca Beersma ◽

Arne Evers

Keyword(s):

Conflict Management ◽

Management Strategy ◽

Psychological Strain

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Role of Serum β-HCG doubling in Diagnosis of Early Pregnancy and its Management Strategy

Current Women s Health Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573404816999200905140919 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Divya Mirji ◽

Shubha Rao ◽

Akhila Vasudeva ◽

Roopa P.S

Keyword(s):

Ectopic Pregnancy ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Management Strategy ◽

Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽

Expectant Management ◽

First Trimester ◽

Intrauterine Pregnancy ◽

Β Hcg ◽

Pregnancy Of Unknown Location

Background: Pregnancy of unknown location (PUL) is defined as the absence of intrauterine or extrauterine sac and Beta Human Chorionic Gonadotropin levels (β-HCG) above the discriminatory zone of 1500 mIU/ml. It should be noted that PUL is not always an ectopic; however, by measuring the trends of serum β-HCG, we can determine the outcome of a PUL. Objective: This study aims to identify the various trends β-HCG levels in early pregnancy and evaluate the role of β-HCG in the management strategy. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study of pregnant women suspected with early pregnancy. Cases were classified as having a pregnancy of unknown location (PUL) by transvaginal ultrasound and ß-HCG greater than 1000 mIU/ml. Expectant management was done until there was a definite outcome. All the collected data were analyzed by employing the chi-square test using SPSS version 20. Results: Among 1200 women who had early first trimester scans, 70 women who fulfilled our criteria of PUL and ß-HCG > 1000 mIU/ml were recruited in this study. In our study, the mean age of the participants was 30±5.6yrs, and the overall mean serum ß-HCG was 3030±522 mIU/ml. The most common outcome observed was an ectopic pregnancy, 47% in our study. We also found the rate of failing pregnancy was 27%, and that of intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) was 25%. Overall, in PUL patients diagnosed with ectopic pregnancy, 9% behaved like IUP, and 4% had an atypical trend in their ß-HCG. Those who had an IUP, 11% had a suboptimal increase in ß-HCG. Conclusion: PUL rate in our unit was 6%. Majority of the outcome of PUL was ectopic in our study. Every case of PUL should be managed based on the initial ß-HCG values, clinical assessments and upon the consent of the patient.

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Genetic Dissection of Seed Dormancy in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) by Using Two Mapping Populations Derived from Common Parents

Rice ◽

10.1186/s12284-020-00413-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chaopu Zhang ◽

Zhiyang Yuan ◽

Yuntong Wang ◽

Wenqiang Sun ◽

Xinxin Tang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Seed Dormancy ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Genetic Dissection ◽

Mapping Populations

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γ-Valerolactone-Introduced Controlled-Isomerization of Glucose for Lactic Acid Production over Sn-Beta Catalyst

Green Chemistry ◽

10.1039/d1gc00378j ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xinpeng Zhao ◽

Zhimin Zhou ◽

hu luo ◽

Yanfei Zhang ◽

Wang Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Density Functional Theory ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Dft Calculations ◽

Acid Production ◽

Density Functional ◽

Lactic Acid Production ◽

Hydrothermal Conversion ◽

Functional Theory ◽

Environment Friendly

Combined experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations provided insights into the role of the environment-friendly γ-valerolactone (GVL) as a solvent in the hydrothermal conversion of glucose into lactic acid...

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The Role of Angioembolization in Hepatic Trauma

The American Surgeon ◽

10.1177/0003134820973729 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 000313482097372

Author(s):

Ali Cadili ◽

Jonathan Gates

Keyword(s):

Gold Standard ◽

Management Strategy ◽

Operative Management ◽

Hepatic Trauma ◽

Anatomy And Physiology ◽

Liver Injuries ◽

Hepatic Injuries ◽

Non Operative Management ◽

Type Of Injury

The liver is one of the most commonly injured solid organs in blunt abdominal trauma. Non-operative management is considered to be the gold standard for the care of most blunt liver injuries. Angioembolization has emerged as an important adjunct that is vital to the success of the non-operative management strategy for blunt hepatic injuries. This procedure, however, is fraught with some possible serious complications. The success, as well as rate of complications of this procedure, is determined by degree and type of injury, hepatic anatomy and physiology, and embolization strategy among other factors. In this review, we discuss these important considerations to help shed further light on the contribution and impact of angioembolization with regards to complex hepatic injuries.

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