scholarly journals Engineering shape memory and morphing protein hydrogels based on protein unfolding and folding

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingyuan Bian ◽  
Linglan Fu ◽  
Hongbin Li
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Protein Unfolding ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bilayer Structure ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Shape Morphing ◽  
Young’S Moduli ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Induced Changes

AbstractEngineering shape memory/morphing materials have achieved considerable progress in polymer-based systems with broad potential applications. However, engineering protein-based shape memory/morphing materials remains challenging and under-explored. Here we report the design of a bilayer protein-based shape memory/morphing hydrogel based on protein folding-unfolding mechanism. We fabricate the protein-bilayer structure using two tandem modular elastomeric proteins (GB1)8 and (FL)8. Both protein layers display distinct denaturant-dependent swelling profiles and Young’s moduli. Due to such protein unfolding-folding induced changes in swelling, the bilayer hydrogels display highly tunable and reversible bidirectional bending deformation depending upon the denaturant concentration and layer geometry. Based on these programmable and reversible bending behaviors, we further utilize the protein-bilayer structure as hinge to realize one-dimensional to two-dimensional and two-dimensional to three-dimensional folding transformations of patterned hydrogels. The present work will offer new inspirations for the design and fabrication of novel shape morphing materials.

Classical-Quantum Correspondence in Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials

2011 ◽  
Vol 228-229 ◽  
pp. 216-221
Author(s):  
Jun Lu
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Spectrum Function ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Classical Quantum ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Quantum Correspondence ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Quantum Spectrum

Two-dimensional nanomaterials are becoming the focus of intensive research due to their novel physical properties and the potential applications in nanodevices. We define a quantum spectrum function using the eigenvalues and the eigenfunctions in the system of two-dimensional nanomaterials. We find that the Fourier transform of the quantum spectrum function reveals a lot of information of the classical orbits from one point to another for a particle in the two-dimensional nanomaterials. These results give new evidence about the classical-quantum correspondence. All the methods and results can be used in a lot of other systems, including some one-dimensional and three-dimensional systems. The researches about these systems are very important in the field of applied science.

Two-dimensional ZnIIand one-dimensional CoIIcoordination polymers based on benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate and pyridine ligands

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Juan Zhou ◽  
Chang-Bao Han ◽  
Yu-Ling Wang
Keyword(s):  
Coordination Polymers ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Compound I ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Pyridine Ligands ◽  
Carboxylate Groups ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Compound Ii

Coordination polymers constructed from metal ions and organic ligands have attracted considerable attention owing to their diverse structural topologies and potential applications. Ligands containing carboxylate groups are among the most extensively studied because of their versatile coordination modes. Reactions of benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid (H2BDC) and pyridine (py) with ZnIIor CoIIyielded two new coordination polymers, namely, poly[(μ4-benzene-1,4-dicarboxylato-κ4O:O′:O′′:O′′′)(pyridine-κN)zinc(II)], [Zn(C8H4O2)(C5H5N)]n, (I), andcatena-poly[aqua(μ3-benzene-1,4-dicarboxylato-κ3O:O′:O′′)bis(pyridine-κN)cobalt(II)], [Co(C8H4O2)(C5H5N)2(H2O)]n, (II). In compound (I), the ZnIIcation is five-coordinated by four carboxylate O atoms from four BDC2−ligands and one pyridine N atom in a distorted square-pyramidal coordination geometry. Four carboxylate groups bridge two ZnIIions to form centrosymmetric paddle-wheel-like Zn2(μ2-COO)4units, which are linked by the benzene rings of the BDC2−ligands to generate a two-dimensional layered structure. The two-dimensional layer is extended into a three-dimensional supramolecular structure with the help of π–π stacking interactions between the aromatic rings. Compound (II) has a one-dimensional double-chain structure based on Co2(μ2-COO)2units. The CoIIcations are bridged by BDC2−ligands and are octahedrally coordinated by three carboxylate O atoms from three BDC2−ligands, one water O atom and two pyridine N atoms. Interchain O—H...O hydrogen-bonding interactions link these chains to form a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture.

Transformations of two-dimensional layered zinc phosphates to three-dimensional and one-dimensional structures

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1044-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitava Choudhury ◽  
S. Neeraj ◽  
Srinivasan Natarajan ◽  
C. N. R. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Zinc Phosphates

Mine Impact Burial Prediction From One to Three Dimensions

2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Chu
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Time History ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Models

The Navy’s mine impact burial prediction model creates a time history of a cylindrical or a noncylindrical mine as it falls through air, water, and sediment. The output of the model is the predicted mine trajectory in air and water columns, burial depth/orientation in sediment, as well as height, area, and volume protruding. Model inputs consist of parameters of environment, mine characteristics, and initial release. This paper reviews near three decades’ effort on model development from one to three dimensions: (1) one-dimensional models predict the vertical position of the mine’s center of mass (COM) with the assumption of constant falling angle, (2) two-dimensional models predict the COM position in the (x,z) plane and the rotation around the y-axis, and (3) three-dimensional models predict the COM position in the (x,y,z) space and the rotation around the x-, y-, and z-axes. These models are verified using the data collected from mine impact burial experiments. The one-dimensional model only solves one momentum equation (in the z-direction). It cannot predict the mine trajectory and burial depth well. The two-dimensional model restricts the mine motion in the (x,z) plane (which requires motionless for the environmental fluids) and uses incorrect drag coefficients and inaccurate sediment dynamics. The prediction errors are large in the mine trajectory and burial depth prediction (six to ten times larger than the observed depth in sand bottom of the Monterey Bay). The three-dimensional model predicts the trajectory and burial depth relatively well for cylindrical, near-cylindrical mines, and operational mines such as Manta and Rockan mines.

Theory of ultrasonic attenuation in one and two dimensional metals

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (14) ◽  
pp. 1454-1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Tiedje ◽  
R. R. Haering
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Attenuation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
The Difference

The theory of ultrasonic attenuation in metals is extended so that it applies to quasi one and two dimensional electronic systems. It is shown that the attenuation in such systems differs significantly from the well-known results for three dimensional systems. The difference is particularly marked for one dimensional systems, for which the attenuation is shown to be strongly temperature dependent.

scholarly journals Quasi-two-dimensional approximation for numerical simulation of flows in engine ducts

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Vlasenko ◽  
A. Shiryaeva
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Combustion Chambers ◽  
New Approach ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Approximation ◽  
3D Flows

New quasi-two-dimensional (2.5D) approach to description of three-dimensional (3D) flows in ducts is proposed. It generalizes quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D, 1.5D) theories. Calculations are performed in the (x; y) plane, but variable width of duct in the z direction is taken into account. Derivation of 2.5D approximation equations is given. Tests for verification of 2.5D calculations are proposed. Parametrical 2.5D calculations of flow with hydrogen combustion in an elliptical combustor of a high-speed aircraft, investigated within HEXAFLY-INT international project, are described. Optimal scheme of fuel injection is found and explained. For one regime, 2.5D and 3D calculations are compared. The new approach is recommended for use during preliminary design of combustion chambers.

Modeling of a Beam and a Rotor with an Edge Crack Using Dissimilar Elements

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1159-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nandi ◽  
S. Neogy
Keyword(s):  
Finite Elements ◽  
Stress Field ◽  
Edge Crack ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Transition Element ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Cracked Beam ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Beam Elements ◽  
Dimensional Plane

Vibration-based diagnostic methods are used for the detection of the presence of cracks in beams and other structures. To simulate such a beam with an edge crack, it is necessary to model the beam using finite elements. Cracked beam finite elements, being one-dimensional, cannot model the stress field near the crack tip, which is not one-dimensional. The change in neutral axis is also not modeled properly by cracked beam elements. Modeling of such beams using two-dimensional plane elements is a better approximation. The best alternative would be to use three-dimensional solid finite elements. At a sufficient distance away from the crack, the stress field again becomes more or less one-dimensional. Therefore, two-dimensional plane elements or three-dimensional solid elements can be used near the crack and one-dimensional beam elements can be used away from the crack. This considerably reduces the required computational effort. In the present work, such a coupling of dissimilar elements is proposed and the required transition element is formulated. A guideline is proposed for selecting the proper dimensions of the transition element so that accurate results are obtained. Elastic deformation, natural frequency and dynamic response of beams are computed using dissimilar elements. The finite element analysis of cracked rotating shafts is complicated because of the fact that elastic deformations are superposed on the rigid-body motion (rotation about an axis). A combination of three-dimensional solid elements and beam elements in a rotating reference is proposed here to model such rotors.

Preliminary Ship Design Using One and Two-Dimensional Models

1999 ◽  
Vol 36 (02) ◽  
pp. 102-112
Author(s):  
Michael D. A. Mackney ◽  
Carl T. F. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Dimensional Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Dimensional Models ◽  
Support Conditions ◽  
The One ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element

Computational studies of hull-superstructure interaction were carried out using one-, two-and three-dimensional finite element analyses. Simplification of the original three-dimensional cases to one- and two-dimensional ones was undertaken to reduce the data preparation and computer solution times in an extensive parametric study. Both the one- and two-dimensional models were evaluated from numerical and experimental studies of the three-dimensional arrangements of hull and superstructure. One-dimensional analysis used a simple beam finite element with appropriately changed sections properties at stations where superstructures existed. Two-dimensional analysis used a four node, first order quadrilateral, isoparametric plane elasticity finite element, with a corresponding increase in the grid domain where the superstructure existed. Changes in the thickness property reflected deck stiffness. This model was essentially a multi-flanged beam with the shear webs representing the hull and superstructure sides, and the flanges representing the decks One-dimensional models consistently and uniformly underestimated the three-dimensional behaviour, but were fast to create and run. Two-dimensional models were also consistent in their assessment, and considerably closer in predicting the actual behaviours. These models took longer to create than the one-dimensional, but ran in very much less time than the refined three-dimensional finite element models Parametric insights were accomplished quickly and effectively with the simplest model and processor, but two-dimensional analyses achieved closer absolute measure of the displacement behaviours. Although only static analysis with simple loading and support conditions were presented, it is believed that similar benefits would be found for other loadings and support conditions. Other engineering components and structures may benefit from similarly judged simplification using one- and two-dimensional models to reduce the time and cost of preliminary design.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document