scholarly journals 4 Day in dry immersion reproduces partially the aging effect on the arteries as observed during 6 month spaceflight or confinement

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Greaves ◽  
Laurent Guillon ◽  
Stephane Besnard ◽  
Nastassia Navasiolava ◽  
Philippe Arbeille
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Natural Aging ◽  
Aging Effect ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Arterial Tree ◽  
Dry Immersion ◽  
Arterial Aging ◽  
Ventricle Volume ◽  
Carotid Distensibility ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to determine whether 4 days of dry immersion (DI) induced similar arterial aging as spaceflight and to test the impact of thigh cuffs. Eighteen subjects underwent DI; nine wore thigh cuffs. Cardiac and arterial targets were assessed by ultrasound. No significant differences were found between the groups. The left ventricle volume, stroke volume (SV), and ejection fraction decreased with DI (p < 0.001). Carotid distensibility reduced (p < 0.05), carotid to femoral arterial tree became stiffer in 33% of the subjects, and femoral artery intima media thickness increased (p < 0.05). A reduction in plasma volume is likely to have caused the observed cardiac changes, whereas the arterial wall changes are probably best explained by hypokinesia and/or environmental stress. These changes are similar but lower in amplitude than those observed in spaceflight and mimic the natural aging effect on earth. The daytime-worn thigh cuffs had no acute or chronic impact on these arterial-focused measurements.

Arterial stiffness and carotid distensibility following acute formaldehyde exposure in female adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 074823372110316
Author(s):  
Nina L Stute ◽  
Jonathon L Stickford ◽  
Marc A Augenreich ◽  
Kyle C Kimball ◽  
Janet M Cope ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Human Cadaver ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Stiffness ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Carotid Distensibility ◽  
The Impact

Formaldehyde (FA) is a ubiquitous organic preservative used in several industries and represents an occupational health hazard. Short-term exposure to FA can increase oxidative stress and cause a decrease in conduit vessel function. These decrements in vascular function may extend to the arterial architecture, predisposing individuals to increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of an acute 90-minute FA exposure period (259 ± 95 ppb) on indices of arterial architecture. Arterial stiffness and carotid distensibility as determined by central pressures, augmentation index (AIx), and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) ( n=13F, 24 ± 1 year) as well as carotid stiffness and intima media thickness (IMT) ( n = 9F, 23 ± 1 year) were assessed prior to (Pre-FA) and immediately following (Post-FA) exposure to FA in human cadaver dissection laboratories. Central pressures and cfPWV (Pre-FA: 5.2 ± 0.8 m.s−1, Post-FA: 5.2 ± 1.1 m s−1) were unchanged by acute FA exposure ( p > 0.05). Carotid stiffness parameters and distension were unchanged by acute FA exposure ( p > 0.05), although distensibility (Pre-FA: 33.9 ± 10.5[10–3*kPa−1], Post-FA: 25.9 ± 5.5[10–3*kPa-1], p < 0.05), and IMT (Pre-FA: 0.42 ± 0.05 mm, Post-FA: 0.51 ± 0.11 mm, p < 0.05) decreased and increased, respectively. Individual Pre- to Post-FA changes in these markers of arterial architecture did not correlate with levels of FA exposure ([FA]: 20–473 ppb) ( p > 0.05). Our group previously found vascular function decrements following acute FA exposure in human cadaver laboratories; here we found that carotid distensibility and intima media thickness are altered following FA exposure.

scholarly journals Role of arterial stiffness in cardiovascular disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Cecelja ◽  
Phil Chowienczyk
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Stiffness ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Arterial Tree ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality

Propagation of the pressure wave along the arterial tree (pulse wave velocity [PWV]) is related to the intrinsic elasticity of the arterial wall. PWV is increased in stiffer arteries and, when measured over the aorta, is an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Given the predictive power of PWV, identifying strategies that prevent or reduce stiffening may be important in prevention of cardiovascular events. One view is that aortic stiffness occurs as a result of atherosclerosis along the aorta. However, there is little or no association between PWV and classical risk factors for atherosclerosis, other than age and blood pressure. Furthermore, PWV does not increase during early stages of atherosclerosis, as measured by intima-media thickness and noncalcified atheroma, but it does increase in the presence of aortic calcification that occurs within advanced atherosclerotic plaque. Age-related widening of pulse pressure is the major cause of age-related increase in prevalence of hypertension and has been attributed to arterial stiffening. This review summarizes the methods of measuring aortic stiffness in humans, the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to aortic stiffness, including its association with atherosclerosis, and the haemodynamic consequences of increased aortic stiffness.

scholarly journals Linking cardiorespiratory fitness classification criteria to early subclinical atherosclerosis in children

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Melo ◽  
Helena Santa-Clara ◽  
Diana A. Santos ◽  
Nuno M. Pimenta ◽  
Cláudia S. Minderico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Resolution Ultrasonography

It is unclear if cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) can be used as a screening tool for premature changes in carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in paediatric populations. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was 3-fold: (i) to determine if CRF can be used to screen increased cIMT; (ii) to determine an optimal CRF cut-off to predict increased cIMT; and (iii) to evaluate its ability to predict increased cIMT among children in comparison with existent CRF cut-offs. cIMT was assessed with high-resolution ultrasonography and CRF was determined using a maximal cycle test. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were conducted in boys (n = 211) and girls (n = 202) aged 11–12 years to define the optimal sex-specific CRF cut-off to classify increased cIMT (≥75th percentile). Logistic regression was used to examine the association between the CRF cut-offs with the risk of having an increased cIMT. The optimal CRF cut-offs to predict increased cIMT were 45.81 and 34.46 mL·kg−1·min−1 for boys and girls, respectively. The odds-ratios for having increased cIMT among children who were unfit was up to 2.8 times the odds among those who were fit (95% confidence interval: 1.40–5.53). Considering current CRF cut-offs, only those suggested by Adegboye et al. 2011. (Br. J. Sports Med. 45(9): 722–728) and Boddy et al. 2012 (PLoS One, 7(9): e45755) were significant in predicting increased cIMT. In conclusion, CRF cut-offs (boys: ≤ 45.8; girls: ≤ 34.5 mL·kg−1·min−1) are associated with thickening of the arterial wall in 11- to 12-year-old children. Low CRF is an important cardiovascular risk factor in children and our data highlight the importance of obtaining an adequate CRF.

scholarly journals Long-Term Trajectories of BMI Predict Carotid Stiffness and Plaque Volume in Type 2 Diabetes Older Adults: a Cohort Study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
chen Botvin Moshe ◽  
Salo Haratz ◽  
Ramit Ravona-Springer ◽  
Anthony Heymann ◽  
Lin Hung-Mo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Plaque Volume ◽  
Diabetes Registry ◽  
Carotid Stiffness ◽  
Carotid Distensibility

Abstract Background: High body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, its relationships with indices of carotid stiffness and plaque volume are unclear. We investigated associations of long-term measurements of BMI with indices of carotid stiffness and atherosclerosis among non-demented diabetes patients from the Israel Diabetes and Cognitive Decline (IDCD) study. Methods: Carotid ultrasound indices [carotid intima media thickness (cIMT), distensibility, elastography and plaque volume] were assessed in N=471 participants. Mean BMI across all MHS diabetes registry measurements and trajectories of BMI were calculated. BMI was categorized into three trajectory groups representing: a relatively stable normal weight (n=185, 44%), overweight trajectory (n=188, 44.8%) and a trajectory of obesity (n=47, 11.2%). Linear and logistic regressions estimated associations of carotid indices with mean BMI and BMI trajectories. Results: Compared to the normal weight trajectory, an obesity trajectory was associated with carotid distensibility (β=-3.078, p=0.037), cIMT (β=0.095, p=0.004), and carotid elastography (β=0.181, p=0.004) but not with plaque volume (β=0.066, p=0.858). Compared with the normal weight trajectory, an obesity trajectory was associated with increased odds for impaired carotid distensibility (OR=2.790, p=0.033), impaired cIMT (OR=5.277, p=0.001) and large carotid plaque volume (OR=8.456, p=0.013) but not with carotid elastography (OR=1.956, p=0.140). Mean BMI was linearly associated with Distensibility (β=-0.275, p=0.005) and cIMT (β=0.005, p=0.026).Conclusions: Long-term measurements of adiposity are associated with indices of carotid stiffness and plaque volume among older type 2 diabetes adults.

Abstract 1165: Impact of Gender on Serial Atherosclerotic Changes in Response to Established Medical Therapies

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivasa R Kalidindi ◽  
Amy Hsu ◽  
Keon-Woong Moon ◽  
E. Murat Tuzcu ◽  
Steven E Nissen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Elastic Membrane ◽  
Single Coronary Artery ◽  
Plaque Progression ◽  
Ultrasound Evaluation ◽  
External Elastic Membrane ◽  
Remodeling Index ◽  
Medical Therapies ◽  
The Impact

Background: While the importance of coronary artery disease in females has become increasingly recognized, little is known regarding the impact of gender with regard to changes in arterial wall dimensions with progression and regression of atherosclerosis. This study investigated the remodeling response of the artery wall accompanying changes in atheroma burden in response to use of medical therapies, stratified according to gender. Methods: 1533 patients (27.5% female) underwent serial intravascular ultrasound evaluation of a single coronary artery in the context of clinical trials that assess the impact of medical therapies on plaque progression. The relationship between gender and remodeling of the arterial wall at baseline and its serial change in association with plaque progression and regression were studied. Results: Females were older (59 v 57 years, p<0.01), had a higher body mass index (31.5 v 29.5 kg/m 2 , p<0.01), were more likely to have hypertension (86 v 71.5%, p<0.01) and metabolic syndrome (57 v 49%, p<0.01) and less likely to have a history of smoking (57.5 v 73.5%, p=0.01) and myocardial infarction (27.5 v 35.5%, p<0.01). After adjusting for body surface area, females demonstrated a trend towards smaller external elastic membrane (EEM) (226.3 v 234.3 mm 3 , p=0.09) and larger lumen (143.7 v 137.7 mm 3 , p=0.01) volumes. The remodeling index at the most diseased site did not differ between genders (0.95 v 0.95, p=0.95). No differences were observed between genders with regard to changes in EEM (−5.6 v −6.2 mm 3 , p=0.29) and lumen (−4.9 v −4.5 mm 3 , p=0.82) volumes and remodeling index (−0.02 v −0.03, p=0.43) in response to use of medical therapies. Similarly, there were no differences between genders with regard to the percentage of patients undergoing expansion (34.7 v 35.5%, p=0.86) or contraction (20.4 v 21.8%, p=0.69) of lumen volume in association with regression of atherosclerotic plaque. Conclusion: A similar pattern of remodeling of the arterial wall was observed between genders in association with serial changes in atheroscle-rotic plaque. This further highlights our understanding of the pathological interactions between atherosclerosis and the arterial wall in females.

Abstract 4688: The Impact of Marfan Syndrome on Arterial Stiffness and Endothelial Function: The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Brilli ◽  
Dimitris Tousoulis ◽  
Charalambos Antoniades ◽  
George Hatzis ◽  
Nikos Ioakeimidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Marfan Syndrome ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Arterial Tree ◽  
Augmentation Pressure ◽  
The Impact

Background: Marfan syndrome is characterised by high risk of aortic dissections and increased cardiovascular risk. However, the impact of Marfan syndrome on endothelial function and arterial stiffness is unclear, while the role of matrix metalloproteinases is unknown. We examined the impact of Marfan syndrome on the elastic properties of the arterial tree, and vascular endothelial function, and we evaluated the potential role of matrix metalloproteinases in these effects. Methods: The study population consisted of 17 subjects with Marfan syndrome, aged 26.6±2.3 years old, with BMI 20.5±1.03Kg/m2 and 22 healthy individuals matched for gender, age (26.4±0.78 years old, p=NS) and BMI (22.4±0.86 Kg/m2). Arterial stiffness was evaluated by measuring carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), while augmentation pressure and augmentation index (AIx) were also determined, as measures of arterial wave reflections. Endothelial function was evaluated by determining flow mediated dilation (FMD) in the brachial artery while matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) levels were determined by ELISA. Results: Patients with Marfan syndrome had significantly lower pulse pressure in the radial artery (41.0±1.07mmHg) compared to controls (51.3±4.4mmHg). In addition, patients had higher AIx (17.6±2.4%) and augmentation pressure (5.44±0.65mmHg) compared to controls (7.72±3.43% and 2.41±1.14mmHg respectively, p<0.05 for both). However, the difference in PWV between patients and controls did not reach statistical significance (6.33±0.33 vs 5.96±0.23m/s respectively, p=NS). Patients with Marfan syndrome had lower FMD (2.05±1.13%) and higher plasma MMP-9 (827±70ng/ml) compared to controls (6.8±2.3% p<0.05 and 326±50ng/ml, p<0.01). Conclusions: Marfan syndrome is associated with increased MMP-9 levels, as well as with elevated augmentation index and augmentation pressure compared to healthy individuals, matched for age, gender and body mass index. Moreover, flow-mediated dilation is also impaired in these subjects. These findings suggest that Marfan syndrome directly affects the elastic properties and endothelial function of the arterial tree, with matrix metalloproteinases being important mediators in the pathophysiology of this syndrome.

Reproducibility of Ultrasonographically Determined Intima-Media Thickness Is Dependent on Arterial Wall Thickness

Stroke ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1972-1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Stensland-Bugge ◽  
Kaare H. Bønaa ◽  
Oddmund Joakimsen
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Arterial Wall Thickness ◽  
Media Thickness
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