scholarly journals Dynamic face processing impairments are associated with cognitive and positive psychotic symptoms across psychiatric disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayley Darke ◽  
Suresh Sundram ◽  
Simon J. Cropper ◽  
Olivia Carter
Keyword(s):  
Face Processing ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Identity Recognition ◽  
Facial Identity ◽  
Recognition Of Facial Expressions ◽  
Core Deficit

AbstractImpairments in social cognition—including recognition of facial expressions—are increasingly recognised as a core deficit in schizophrenia. It remains unclear whether other aspects of face processing (such as identity recognition) are also impaired, and whether such deficits can be attributed to more general cognitive difficulties. Moreover, while the majority of past studies have used picture-based tasks to assess face recognition, literature suggests that video-based tasks elicit different neural activations and have greater ecological validity. This study aimed to characterise face processing using video-based stimuli in psychiatric inpatients with and without psychosis. Symptom correlates of face processing impairments were also examined. Eighty-six psychiatric inpatients and twenty healthy controls completed a series of tasks using video-based stimuli. These included two emotion recognition tasks, two non-emotional facial identity recognition tasks, and a non-face control task. Symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder groups were significantly impaired on the emotion-processing tasks and the non-face task compared to healthy controls and patients without psychosis. Patients with other forms of psychosis performed intermediately. Groups did not differ in non-emotional face processing. Positive symptoms of psychosis correlated directly with both emotion-processing performance and non-face discrimination across patients. We found that identity processing performance was inversely associated with cognition-related symptoms only. Findings suggest that deficits in emotion-processing reflect symptom pathology independent of diagnosis. Emotion-processing deficits in schizophrenia may be better accounted for by task-relevant factors—such as attention—that are not specific to emotion processing.

Facial affect recognition: Electrophysiological findings in schizophrenia

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 424-424
Author(s):  
S. Komlosi ◽  
G. Csukly ◽  
G. Stefanics ◽  
I. Czigler ◽  
P. Czobor
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Facial Emotion Recognition ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
Affect Recognition ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Emotional Face Processing ◽  
Facial Emotion Processing ◽  
Emotional Face

IntroductionWhile deficits in facial emotion recognition in schizophrenia have consistently been shown, the underlying neuronal mechanisms remain unclear. Electrophysiological measures, such as event-related brain potentials related to facial emotion recognition yield insight into the time course of recognizing emotional faces.ObjectivesIn our study we aimed to delineate the neurophysiological correlates of facial emotion recognition and to investigate where, when, and what components in the course of emotional information processing show impairment in schizophrenia.MethodologyWe collected data using a 128-channel EEG recording system for testing an experimental facial emotion recognition paradigm with 20 patients with schizophrenia and 20 matched healthy controls. Subjects were presented fearful and neutral emotional facial expressions on a monitor and asked to make decisions via a button press relating to either the gender or the emotion of the presented face.ResultsOur findings revealed that ERPs of pateints with schizophrenia significantly differed from those of matched healthy controls in several components and areas characteristic to facial emotion processing, showing differences in both early and late ERP components of emotional face processing. Significant main effects of task (gender vs emotion) and emotion (fear vs neutral) were also found.ConclusionThe finding that patients with schizophrenia, as compared to healthy controls, show differences in emotional face processing in several cortical areas and time intervals underlines the hypotheses that a deficit in affect recognition may originate from the impairment of a distributed facial emotion recognition network, including both early perceptual and later phases of facial emotion processing.

scholarly journals Dissociable patterns of medial prefrontal and amygdala activity to face identity versus emotion in bipolar disorder

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1913-1924 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Keener ◽  
J. C. Fournier ◽  
B. C. Mullin ◽  
D. Kronhaus ◽  
S. B. Perlman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Neural Circuitry ◽  
Happy Face ◽  
Face Identity ◽  
Facial Identity ◽  
Amygdala Activity ◽  
Identity Processing

BackgroundIndividuals with bipolar disorder demonstrate abnormal social function. Neuroimaging studies in bipolar disorder have shown functional abnormalities in neural circuitry supporting face emotion processing, but have not examined face identity processing, a key component of social function. We aimed to elucidate functional abnormalities in neural circuitry supporting face emotion and face identity processing in bipolar disorder.MethodTwenty-seven individuals with bipolar disorder I currently euthymic and 27 healthy controls participated in an implicit face processing, block-design paradigm. Participants labeled color flashes that were superimposed on dynamically changing background faces comprising morphs either from neutral to prototypical emotion (happy, sad, angry and fearful) or from one identity to another identity depicting a neutral face. Whole-brain and amygdala region-of-interest (ROI) activities were compared between groups.ResultsThere was no significant between-group difference looking across both emerging face emotion and identity. During processing of all emerging emotions, euthymic individuals with bipolar disorder showed significantly greater amygdala activity. During facial identity and also happy face processing, euthymic individuals with bipolar disorder showed significantly greater amygdala and medial prefrontal cortical activity compared with controls.ConclusionsThis is the first study to examine neural circuitry supporting face identity and face emotion processing in bipolar disorder. Our findings of abnormally elevated activity in amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) during face identity and happy face emotion processing suggest functional abnormalities in key regions previously implicated in social processing. This may be of future importance toward examining the abnormal self-related processing, grandiosity and social dysfunction seen in bipolar disorder.

Culture Reveals a Flexible System for Face Processing

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Caldara
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Flexible System ◽  
Facial Identity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recognition Of Facial Expressions ◽  
The Face ◽  
Facial Expressions Of Emotion ◽  
Crucial Information ◽  
Socially Relevant

The human face transmits a wealth of signals that readily provide crucial information for social interactions, such as facial identity and emotional expression. Nonetheless, a fundamental question remains debated: Is face processing governed by universal perceptual processes? It has long been presumed that this is the case. However, over the past decade, our work at the Eye and Brain Mapping Laboratory has called into question this widely held assumption. We have investigated the eye movements of Western and Eastern observers across various face-processing tasks to determine the effect of culture on perceptual processing. Commonalities aside, we found that Westerners distribute local fixations across the eye and mouth regions, whereas Easterners preferentially deploy central, global fixations during face recognition. Moreover, during the recognition of facial expressions of emotion, Westerners fixate the mouth relatively more to discriminate across expressions, whereas Easterners favor the eye region. Both observations demonstrate that the face system relies on different strategies to perform a range of socially relevant face-processing tasks with comparable levels of efficiency. Overall, these cultural perceptual biases challenge the view that the processes dedicated to face processing are universal, favoring instead the existence of distinct, flexible strategies. The way humans perceive the world and process faces is determined by experience and environmental factors.

Normal Recognition of Emotion in a Prosopagnosic

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p5067 ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 827-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley C Duchaine ◽  
Holly Parker ◽  
Ken Nakayama
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Face Perception ◽  
Solid Support ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Identity Recognition ◽  
Facial Identity ◽  
Recognition Of Facial Expressions ◽  
Facial Expressions Of Emotion

In the leading model of face perception, facial identity and facial expressions of emotion are recognized by separate mechanisms. In this report, we provide evidence supporting the independence of these processes by documenting an individual with severely impaired recognition of facial identity yet normal recognition of facial expressions of emotion. NM, a 40-year-old prosopagnosic, showed severely impaired performance on five of six tests of facial identity recognition. In contrast, she performed in the normal range on four different tests of emotion recognition. Because the tests of identity recognition and emotion recognition assessed her abilities in a variety of ways, these results provide solid support for models in which identity recognition and emotion recognition are performed by separate processes.

Facial identity recognition in children with autism spectrum disorders revealed by P300 analysis: A preliminary study

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsuko Gunji ◽  
Takaaki Goto ◽  
Yosuke Kita ◽  
Ryusuke Sakuma ◽  
Naomi Kokubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Identity Recognition ◽  
Facial Identity ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

scholarly journals Dopamine D1 receptor availability is not associated with delusional ideation measures of psychosis proneness

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Granville James Matheson ◽  
Pontus Plavén-Sigray ◽  
Anaïs Louzolo ◽  
Jacqueline Borg ◽  
Lars Farde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Dopamine D1 Receptor ◽  
D1 Receptor ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Psychosis Proneness ◽  
Delusional Ideation ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractThe dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) is thought to play a role in psychosis and schizophrenia, however the exact nature of this involvement is not clear. Positron emission tomography studies comparing D1R between patients and control subjects have produced inconsistent results. An important confounding factor in most clinical studies is previous exposure to antipsychotic treatment, which is thought to influence the density of D1R. To circumvent some of the limitations of clinical studies, an alternative approach for studying the relationship between D1R and psychosis is to examine individuals at increased risk for psychotic disorders, or variation in subclinical psychotic symptoms such as delusional ideation within the general population, referred to as psychosis proneness traits. In this study, we investigated whether D1R availability is associated with delusional ideation in healthy controls using data from 76 individuals measured with PET using [11C]SCH23390 and 217 individuals who completed delusional ideation questionnaires, belonging to three different study cohorts. We first performed exploratory, hypothesis-generating, analyses by creating and evaluating a new measure of delusional ideation (n=132 and n=27), which was then found to show a negative association with D1R availability (n=24). Next, we performed confirmatory analyses using Bayesian statistical modelling, in which we first attempted to replicate this result (n=20), and then evaluated the association of Peters Delusion Inventory scores with D1R availability in two independent cohorts (n=41 and 20). Collectively, we found strong evidence that there is little to no linear association between delusional ideation and D1R availability in healthy controls. If differences in D1R can be confirmed in drug-naive schizophrenia patients compared to controls, further studies are needed to ascertain whether these changes occur at the onset of psychotic symptoms or if they are associated with specific behavioural or genetic aspects of psychosis proneness other than delusional ideation.

scholarly journals Memory and Perception-based Facial Image Reconstruction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Hsun Chang ◽  
Dan Nemrodov ◽  
Andy C. H. Lee ◽  
Adrian Nestor
Keyword(s):  
Image Reconstruction ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Identity Recognition ◽  
Facial Identity ◽  
Face Images ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Novel Applications

AbstractVisual memory for faces has been extensively researched, especially regarding the main factors that influence face memorability. However, what we remember exactly about a face, namely, the pictorial content of visual memory, remains largely unclear. The current work aims to elucidate this issue by reconstructing face images from both perceptual and memory-based behavioural data. Specifically, our work builds upon and further validates the hypothesis that visual memory and perception share a common representational basis underlying facial identity recognition. To this end, we derived facial features directly from perceptual data and then used such features for image reconstruction separately from perception and memory data. Successful levels of reconstruction were achieved in both cases for newly-learned faces as well as for familiar faces retrieved from long-term memory. Theoretically, this work provides insights into the content of memory-based representations while, practically, it opens the path to novel applications, such as computer-based ‘sketch artists’.

scholarly journals Altered fear processing in adolescents with a history of severe childhood maltreatment: an fMRI study

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 1092-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hart ◽  
L. Lim ◽  
M. A. Mehta ◽  
A. Simmons ◽  
K. A. H. Mirza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions

AbstractBackgroundChildren with a history of maltreatment suffer from altered emotion processing but the neural basis of this phenomenon is unknown. This pioneering functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated the effects of severe childhood maltreatment on emotion processing while controlling for psychiatric conditions, medication and substance abuse.MethodTwenty medication-naive, substance abuse-free adolescents with a history of childhood abuse, 20 psychiatric control adolescents matched on psychiatric diagnoses but with no maltreatment and 27 healthy controls underwent a fMRI emotion discrimination task comprising fearful, angry, sad happy and neutral dynamic facial expressions.ResultsMaltreated participants responded faster to fearful expressions and demonstrated hyper-activation compared to healthy controls of classical fear-processing regions of ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex, which survived at a more lenient threshold relative to psychiatric controls. Functional connectivity analysis, furthermore, demonstrated reduced connectivity between left vmPFC and insula for fear in maltreated participants compared to both healthy and psychiatric controls.ConclusionsThe findings show that people who have experienced childhood maltreatment have enhanced fear perception, both at the behavioural and neurofunctional levels, associated with enhanced fear-related ventromedial fronto-cingulate activation and altered functional connectivity with associated limbic regions. Furthermore, the connectivity adaptations were specific to the maltreatment rather than to the developing psychiatric conditions, whilst the functional changes were only evident at trend level when compared to psychiatric controls, suggesting a continuum. The neurofunctional hypersensitivity of fear-processing networks may be due to childhood over-exposure to fear in people who have been abused.

scholarly journals 2288 Neural correlates of face processing in autism spectrum disorder: A quantitative meta-analysis of current literature and future directions

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. 21-22
Author(s):  
Carla J. Ammons ◽  
Mary-Elizabeth Winslett ◽  
Rajesh K. Kana
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Repetitive Behavior ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Specific Level

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects 1 in 68 people and includes restricted, repetitive behavior, and social communication deficits. Aspects of face processing (i.e., identity, emotion perception) are impaired in some with ASD. Neuroimaging studies have shown aberrant patterns of brain activation and connectivity of face processing regions. However, small sample sizes and inconsistent results have hindered clinical utility of these findings. The study aims to establish consistent patterns of brain responses to faces in ASD and provide directions for future research. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Neuroimaging studies were identified through a multi-database search according to PRISMA guidelines. In total, 23 studies were retained for a sample size of 383 healthy controls and 345 ASD. Peak coordinates were extracted for activation likelihood estimation (ALE) in GingerALE v2.3.6. Follow-up ALE analyses investigated directed Versus undirected gaze, static Versus dynamic, emotional Versus neutral, and familiar Versus unfamiliar faces. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Faces produced bilateral activation of the fusiform gyrus (FG) in healthy controls (−42 −52 −20; 22 −74 −12, p<0.05, FDR) and left FG activation in ASD (−42 −54 −16, p<0.05, FDR). Activation in both groups was lateral to the mid-fusiform sulcus. Follow-up results pending. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Reduced right FG activation to faces may inform biomarker or response to intervention studies. Mid-fusiform sulcus proved a reliable predictor of functional divides should be investigated on a subject-specific level.

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