scholarly journals Thermal Degradation and Fire Properties of Fungal Mycelium and Mycelium - Biomass Composite Materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell Jones ◽  
Tanmay Bhat ◽  
Everson Kandare ◽  
Ananya Thomas ◽  
Paul Joseph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Fire Properties ◽  
Mycelium Biomass

scholarly journals Thermal Degradation Characteristic and Flame Retardancy of Polylactide-Based Nanobiocomposites

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuruma Malkappa ◽  
Jayita Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Suprakas Ray
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Degradable Polymers ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Degradation Characteristic ◽  
Sustainable Materials ◽  
Fire Properties ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardants

Polylactide (PLA) is one of the most widely used organic bio-degradable polymers. However, it has poor flame retardancy characteristics. To address this disadvantage, we performed melt-blending of PLA with intumescent flame retardants (IFRs; melamine phosphate and pentaerythritol) in the presence of organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT), which resulted in nanobiocomposites with excellent intumescent char formation and improved flame retardant characteristics. Triphenyl benzyl phosphonium (OMMT-1)- and tributyl hexadecyl phosphonium (OMMT-2)-modified MMTs were used in this study. Thermogravimetric analysis in combination with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that these nanocomposites release a smaller amount of toxic gases during thermal degradation than unmodified PLA. Melt-rheological behaviors supported the conclusions drawn from the cone calorimeter data and char structure of the various nanobiocomposites. Moreover, the characteristic of the surfactant used for the modification of MMT played a crucial role in controlling the fire properties of the composites. For example, the nanocomposite containing 5 wt.% OMMT-1 showed significantly improved fire properties with a 47% and 68% decrease in peak heat and total heat release rates, respectively, as compared with those of unmodified PLA. In summary, melt-blending of PLA, IFR, and OMMT has potential in the development of high-performance PLA-based sustainable materials.

Modelling thermal degradation of composite materials

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Trelles ◽  
Brian Y. Lattimer
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Thermal Degradation

Thermal degradation and fire properties of epoxy modified resins

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Barra ◽  
Luigi Vertuccio ◽  
Carlo Naddeo ◽  
Maurizio Arena ◽  
Massimo Viscardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Fire Properties

scholarly journals The Effect of Accelerated Ageing on Reaction-to-Fire Properties–Composite Materials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Sandinge ◽  
Per Blomqvist ◽  
Lars Schiøtt Sørensen ◽  
Anne Dederichs
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Fibre Composite ◽  
Thermal Ageing ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Fire Behaviour ◽  
Increased Temperature ◽  
Fire Properties ◽  
Glass Fibre Composite

AbstractAs material age, the durability, strength, and other mechanical properties are impacted. The lifespan of a material generally decreases when exposed to weathering conditions such as wind, temperature, humidity, and light. It is important to have knowledge of how materials age and how the material properties are affected. Regarding materials´ fire behaviour and the effect of ageing on these properties, the knowledge is limited. The research questions of the current work are: Are the fire properties of composite materials affected by ageing? And if so, how is it affected? The study is on material at Technology Readiness Level 9 (TRL). In this study, three composite fibre laminates developed for marine applications were exposed to accelerated ageing. Two different ageing conditions were selected, thermal ageing with an increased temperature of 90°C and moisture ageing in a moderately increased temperature of 40°C and a relative humidity of 90%. Samples were collected after one, two and four weeks of ageing. The reaction-to-fire properties after ageing was evaluated using the ISO 5660–1 cone calorimeter and the EN ISO 5659–2 smoke chamber with FTIR gas analysis. The test results showed that the fire behaviour was affected. Two of the composite laminates, both phenolic/basalt composites, showed a deteriorated fire behaviour from the thermal ageing and the third composite laminate, a PFA/glass fibre composite, showed an improved fire behaviour both for thermal and moisture ageing. The smoke toxicity was affected by the accelerated ageing, especially for the PFA/glass fibre composite that showed a higher production of CO and HCN, both for the thermal aged and the moisture aged samples.

Research Trend and Product Development Potential of Fungal Mycelium-based Composite Materials

KSBB Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da-Song Kim ◽  
Yong-Woon Kim ◽  
Kil-Ja Kim ◽  
Hyun-Jae Shin
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Product Development ◽  
Research Trend ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Development Potential

scholarly journals Selected Metals in Various Fractions of Soil and Fungi in a Swedish Forest

ISRN Ecology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mykhailo Vinichuk
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Process ◽  
Concentration Gradient ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Soil Mycelium ◽  
Mycelium Biomass

The patterns of uptake and distribution of Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in the soil-mycelium-sporocarps compartments in various transfer steps are presented. I attempted to find out whether there is a difference between the uptake of metals from soil to fungi (mycelium/soil ratio) and transport within fungal thalli (sporocarps/mycelium ratio). The concentration of Cu, Zn, and Cd increased in the order bulk soil < soil-root interface (or rhizosphere) < fungal mycelium < fungal sporocarps. The concentration of Co, Ni, and Pb decreased in the order bulk soil (or rhizosphere) < fungal mycelium < soil-root interface < fungal sporocarps. The uptake of Cu, Zn, and Cd during the entire transfer process in natural conditions between soil and sporocarps occurred against a concentration gradient. Mycorrhizal fungi (mycelium and sporocarps) only absorbed Co, Ni, and Pb but did not accumulate these elements in their thalli. Metal accumulation within fungal mycelium biomass in the top forest soil layer (0–5 cm) may account for about 5% of the total amount of Co, 4% Ni, 7% Cu, 8% Zn, 24% Cd, and 3% Pb.

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