scholarly journals Identification and ecology of alternative insect vectors of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ to grapevine

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Quaglino ◽  
Francesco Sanna ◽  
Abdelhameed Moussa ◽  
Monica Faccincani ◽  
Alessandro Passera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
High Infection Rate ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Bois Noir ◽  
Euscelidius Variegatus ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Opening Up

AbstractBois noir, a disease of the grapevine yellows complex, is associated with ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ and transmitted to grapevines in open fields by the cixiids Hyalesthes obsoletus and Reptalus panzeri. In vine-growing areas where the population density of these vectors is low within the vineyard, the occurrence of bois noir implies the existence of alternative vectors. The aim of this study was to identify alternative vectors through screening of the Auchenorrhyncha community, phytoplasma typing by stamp gene sequence analyses, and transmission trials. During field activities, conducted in Northern Italy in a vineyard where the bois noir incidence was extremely high, nine potential alternative insect vectors were identified according to high abundance in the vineyard agro-ecosystem, high infection rate, and harbouring phytoplasma strains characterized by stamp gene sequence variants found also in symptomatic grapevines. Transmission trials coupled with molecular analyses showed that at least eight species (Aphrodes makarovi, Dicranotropis hamata, Dictyophara europaea, Euscelis incisus, Euscelidius variegatus, Laodelphax striatella, Philaenus spumarius, and Psammotettix alienus/confinis) are alternative vectors of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ to grapevines. These novel findings highlight that bois noir epidemiology in vineyard agro-ecosystems is more complex than previously known, opening up new perspectives in the disease management.

Acute Schistosomiasis in Paediatric Travellers and Comparison with Their Companion Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shira Rabinowicz ◽  
Eyal Leshem ◽  
Eli Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Medical Center ◽  
Acute Illness ◽  
Steroid Treatment ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
High Infection Rate ◽  
Travel History ◽  
Asymptomatic Children ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Systemic Hypersensitivity

Abstract Background Schistosomiasis in non-immune travellers can cause acute schistosomiasis, a multi-systemic hypersensitivity reaction. Little is known regarding acute schistosomiasis in children. We describe acute schistosomiasis in paediatric travellers and compare them with adult travellers. Methods A retrospective study of paediatric travellers (0–18 years old) diagnosed with schistosomiasis at Sheba Medical Center. Patients’ findings are compared with those of adult travellers from the same travel groups. Results 18 children and 24 adults from five different trips to Tanzania, Uganda, Nigeria and Laos were infected (90% of the exposed travellers). The median bathing time of the infected children was 30 minutes (interquartile range 15–30 minutes). The most common presentations were respiratory symptoms in 13 (72%), eosinophilia in 13 (72%) and fever in 11 (61%). Acute illness included a median of 2.5 symptoms. Three children required hospitalization and three were asymptomatic. Fatigue was significantly less common in children compared with similarly exposed adults (33% vs 71%, p = 0.03). Rates of hospitalization and steroid treatment were similar. The median eosinophil count in children was 1045 cells/μL (interquartile range 625–2575), lower than adults [2900 cells/μL (interquartile range 1170-4584)], p = 0.02. Conclusions Children may develop acute schistosomiasis following a short exposure to contaminated freshwater, demonstrating a high infection rate. Severity seems to be similar to adults, although children report fatigue less commonly and show lower eosinophil counts. Disease should be suspected in children with multi-systemic illness and in asymptomatic children with a relevant travel history.

Difference of MreBCD Complex Interactome in Salmonella Typhimurium ST19 and ST213 Genotypes on Pathogenesis and Stress Response Pathways

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reyna Cristina Zepeda-Gurrola ◽  
Gerardo Vázquez-Marrufo ◽  
Xianwu Guo ◽  
Isabel Cristina Rodríguez-Luna ◽  
Alejandro Sánchez-Varela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Bacterial Virulence ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
High Infection Rate ◽  
Differential Interaction ◽  
Sequence Variations ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

: Salmonella enterica is the etiological agent of salmonellosis, with a high infection rate worldwide. In Mexico, ST213 genotype of S. enterica ser. Typhimurium is displacing the ancestral ST19 genotype. Bacterial cytoskeleton protein complex MreBCD play an important role in S. enterica pathogenesis, but underlying mechanisms are unknown. In this study, 106 interactions among MreBCD and 15 proteins from S. Typhimurium Pathogenicity Islands 1 (SP-I) and 2 (SP-2) involved in both bacterial virulence and stress response were predicted in ST213 and ST19 genotypes, of which 12 interactions were confirmed in vitro. In addition, gene cluster analysis in 100 S. Typhimurium genomes was performed for these genes. The in silico and in vitro results showed a novel MreBCD interactome involved in the regulation of pathogenesis and stress response through interactions with virulence factors located at SPI-1 and SPI-2. Furthermore, both pseudogene presence and sequence variations in four tested proteins between genotypes resulted in differential interaction patterns that are involved in Salmonella motility and survival in eukaryotic cells, which could explain replacement of ST19 by ST213 in Mexico.

scholarly journals Research on intervention methods of nosocomial infection in neurosurgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Sung-Won Kim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Severe Trauma ◽  
High Infection Rate ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
Bacterial Drug Resistance ◽  
High Infection

<p>The proportion of critically ill patients from neurosurgery wards in hospitals is significantly higher than that from other departments. These patients suffer from low immune. At the same time, because of the severe trauma after surgery and the complexity of pathogens in patients, antibiotics are frequently used. However, the of bacterial drug resistance is relatively high because of the particularity of hospitals, which is a major reason for the high infection rate of neurosurgery patients. Therefore, regarding to these risk factors, intervention measures should be actively explored in hospitals, so as to control the infection rate, reduce the possibility of infection in neurosurgery patients, improve the rehabilitation efficiency of patients, and reduce unnecessary suffering of patients caused by infection. This is also an effective means to improve the quality of hospital medical care. </p>

scholarly journals Classicula sinensis, a new species of basidiomycetous aquatic hyphomycetes from southwest China

MycoKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Qiao ◽  
Wenjun Li ◽  
Ying Huang ◽  
Jianping Xu ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Aquatic Hyphomycetes ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Multiple Gene ◽  
Chongqing Municipality ◽  
Conidiogenous Locus ◽  
A New Species

Classiculasinensis, isolated from decaying leaves from Mozigou, Chongqing Municipality, China, is described as a new species. The new species is a member of basidiomycetous aquatic hyphomycetes which represent a small proportion of all aquatic hyphomycetes. This species falls within the genus Classicula (Classiculaceae, Pucciniomycotina) and is closely related to C.fluitans, based on multiple gene sequence analyses. Morphologically, it is characterised by the apical, hyaline, obclavate or navicular conidia with several hair-like lateral appendages and by its holoblastic and monoblastic conidiogenesis, with a flat un-thickened conidiogenous locus. Clamp connections and haustorial branches were often observed in culture.

scholarly journals Five-year Survey Uncovers Extensive Diversity and Temporal Fluctuations Among Fusarium Head Blight Pathogens of Wheat and Barley in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Bertuzzi Pereira ◽  
Todd J. Ward ◽  
Emerson Medeiros Del Ponte ◽  
Gláucia Mara Moreira ◽  
Mark Busman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Substantial Variation ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Temporal Fluctuations ◽  
Multilocus Genotyping

We conducted a five-year survey (2011–2015) of barley and wheat fields in Paraná state, Brazil, analyzing 754 Fusarium isolates from Fusarium head blight (FHB)-symptomatic spikes. Multilocus genotyping and TEF-1α gene sequence analyses confirmed the dominance of the F. graminearum species complex (75.7%), but F. poae (11.5%) as well as F. avenaceum and related members of the F. tricinctum species complex (FTSC, 8.1%) appeared as substantial contributors to FHB. Within the FGSC, F. graminearum of the 15-ADON genotype was dominant (63%), followed by F. meridionale of the NIV genotype (23.1%), F. cortaderiae of the NIV (7%) or 3-ADON (2.6%) genotypes, and F. austroamericanum (3.8%) of the 3-ADON genotype. Substantial variation in pathogen composition was observed across years, with F. poae and F. meridionale frequencies significantly elevated in some years. Most F. poae strains produced DAS, diANIV and butenolide, but not Neosolaniol, T-2 or HT-2. All FTSC species produced moniliformin. Enniatin production was widespread among FTSC species, with the single F. acuminatum strain found to be the strongest producer of enniatins. Our findings confirm FGSC as a major contributor to FHB and expand considerably our knowledge of the presence, frequency and conditions under which other pathogens may emerge altering the spectrum of toxins that may accumulate in grain.

Long-term results of thigh arteriovenous dialysis grafts

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Kim ◽  
Cynthia Bhola ◽  
Naomi Eisenberg ◽  
Janice Montbriand ◽  
George Oreopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Error ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Primary Patency ◽  
Upper Extremities ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
High Infection Rate ◽  
Cumulative Proportion ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Arteriovenous Access

Introduction: A proportion of hemodialysis patients exhaust all options for arteriovenous access in upper extremities. Arteriovenous thigh grafts are a potential vascular access option in such patients. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of all thigh arteriovenous access grafts placed between 1995 and 2015. The clinical, demographic patient information and patency of each thigh graft was determined from the time of surgical creation placement until abandonment, transfer to other modality, or center or end of study, and the reason for access failure documented. Results: In total, 44 patients received 49 thigh arteriovenous accesses. The average age was 60 years (13–79 years); Half (53%) of the patients (n = 24) were female and 61% of the patients (n = 30) of arteriovenous accesses were left-sided. The cumulative proportion surviving (primary patency rates) at 12, 24, and 28 months were 43% (standard error = 9%), 33% (standard error = 9%), and 13% (standard error = 9%), respectively. The cumulative proportion of surviving grafts at 12, 24, and 48 months were 61% (standard error = 8%), 58% (standard error = 9%), and 31% (standard error = 13%), respectively. In total, 37 revisions were performed in 22 patients to maintain patency or eradicate infection. Infection occurred in 20 patients (39%) of thigh grafts requiring 16 patients (80% of those affected) to be removed; 14 patients had grafts (33.3%) that served as the lone hemodialysis arteriovenous access during the patients’ lifetime on dialysis. Conclusion: Arteriovenous thigh graft access is used infrequently, but they have an acceptable patency. Some accesses require revisions and they have a high infection rate. Despite this, an acceptable proportion of leg grafts provide durable access for the dialysis lifetime of the patient.

scholarly journals Herbidospora mongoliensis sp. nov., isolated from soil, and reclassification of Herbidospora osyris and Streptosporangium claviforme as synonyms of Herbidospora cretacea

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (Pt_10) ◽  
pp. 2322-2329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismet Ara ◽  
Baljinova Tsetseg ◽  
Damdinsuren Daram ◽  
Manabu Suto ◽  
Katsuhiko Ando
Keyword(s):  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequence ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Phospholipid Profile

A Gram-reaction-positive aerobic actinomycete, designated strain MN08-A0118T, which produced short chains of non-motile spores on the tips of long sporophores and formed yellow–brown colonies with branched substrate mycelium, was studied in detail to determine its taxonomic position. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, strain MN08-A0118T was grouped into the genus Herbidospora , being most closely related to Streptosporangium claviforme (98.2 %), Herbidospora osyris (98.2 %), Herbidospora daliensis (98.2 %), Herbidospora cretacea (97.9 %) and Herbidospora yilanensis (97.4 %). Chemotaxonomic data supported allocation of the strain to the genus Herbidospora . MK-10(H4) was the predominant menaquinone with minor amounts of MK-10(H6), MK-10(H2) and MK-9(H4); the fatty acid profile contained major amounts of iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 0 10-methyl, iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 2-OH; the phospholipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine and glucosamine-containing phospholipids; and the whole-cell sugars included ribose, glucose, galactose, madurose and rhamnose (trace). The phylogenetic data, phenotypic and genotypic properties and DNA–DNA hybridization differentiated this strain from its closely related strains, S. claviforme (35–54 % DNA–DNA relatedness), H. osyris (39–51 %), H. daliensis (3–16 %), H. cretacea (34–39 %) and H. yilanensis (34–42 %). Thus, MN08-A0118T represents a novel species of the genus Herbidospora , for which the name Herbidospora mongoliensis sp. nov. is proposed, with MN08-A0118T ( = NBRC 105882T  = VTCC D9-22T) as the type strain. In addition, DNA–DNA hybridization results showed that S. claviforme and H. osyris are synonyms of H. cretacea .

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document