Acute Schistosomiasis in Paediatric Travellers and Comparison with Their Companion Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shira Rabinowicz ◽  
Eyal Leshem ◽  
Eli Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Medical Center ◽  
Acute Illness ◽  
Steroid Treatment ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
High Infection Rate ◽  
Travel History ◽  
Asymptomatic Children ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Systemic Hypersensitivity

Abstract Background Schistosomiasis in non-immune travellers can cause acute schistosomiasis, a multi-systemic hypersensitivity reaction. Little is known regarding acute schistosomiasis in children. We describe acute schistosomiasis in paediatric travellers and compare them with adult travellers. Methods A retrospective study of paediatric travellers (0–18 years old) diagnosed with schistosomiasis at Sheba Medical Center. Patients’ findings are compared with those of adult travellers from the same travel groups. Results 18 children and 24 adults from five different trips to Tanzania, Uganda, Nigeria and Laos were infected (90% of the exposed travellers). The median bathing time of the infected children was 30 minutes (interquartile range 15–30 minutes). The most common presentations were respiratory symptoms in 13 (72%), eosinophilia in 13 (72%) and fever in 11 (61%). Acute illness included a median of 2.5 symptoms. Three children required hospitalization and three were asymptomatic. Fatigue was significantly less common in children compared with similarly exposed adults (33% vs 71%, p = 0.03). Rates of hospitalization and steroid treatment were similar. The median eosinophil count in children was 1045 cells/μL (interquartile range 625–2575), lower than adults [2900 cells/μL (interquartile range 1170-4584)], p = 0.02. Conclusions Children may develop acute schistosomiasis following a short exposure to contaminated freshwater, demonstrating a high infection rate. Severity seems to be similar to adults, although children report fatigue less commonly and show lower eosinophil counts. Disease should be suspected in children with multi-systemic illness and in asymptomatic children with a relevant travel history.

Difference of MreBCD Complex Interactome in Salmonella Typhimurium ST19 and ST213 Genotypes on Pathogenesis and Stress Response Pathways

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reyna Cristina Zepeda-Gurrola ◽  
Gerardo Vázquez-Marrufo ◽  
Xianwu Guo ◽  
Isabel Cristina Rodríguez-Luna ◽  
Alejandro Sánchez-Varela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Bacterial Virulence ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
High Infection Rate ◽  
Differential Interaction ◽  
Sequence Variations ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

: Salmonella enterica is the etiological agent of salmonellosis, with a high infection rate worldwide. In Mexico, ST213 genotype of S. enterica ser. Typhimurium is displacing the ancestral ST19 genotype. Bacterial cytoskeleton protein complex MreBCD play an important role in S. enterica pathogenesis, but underlying mechanisms are unknown. In this study, 106 interactions among MreBCD and 15 proteins from S. Typhimurium Pathogenicity Islands 1 (SP-I) and 2 (SP-2) involved in both bacterial virulence and stress response were predicted in ST213 and ST19 genotypes, of which 12 interactions were confirmed in vitro. In addition, gene cluster analysis in 100 S. Typhimurium genomes was performed for these genes. The in silico and in vitro results showed a novel MreBCD interactome involved in the regulation of pathogenesis and stress response through interactions with virulence factors located at SPI-1 and SPI-2. Furthermore, both pseudogene presence and sequence variations in four tested proteins between genotypes resulted in differential interaction patterns that are involved in Salmonella motility and survival in eukaryotic cells, which could explain replacement of ST19 by ST213 in Mexico.

scholarly journals Research on intervention methods of nosocomial infection in neurosurgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Sung-Won Kim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Severe Trauma ◽  
High Infection Rate ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
Bacterial Drug Resistance ◽  
High Infection

<p>The proportion of critically ill patients from neurosurgery wards in hospitals is significantly higher than that from other departments. These patients suffer from low immune. At the same time, because of the severe trauma after surgery and the complexity of pathogens in patients, antibiotics are frequently used. However, the of bacterial drug resistance is relatively high because of the particularity of hospitals, which is a major reason for the high infection rate of neurosurgery patients. Therefore, regarding to these risk factors, intervention measures should be actively explored in hospitals, so as to control the infection rate, reduce the possibility of infection in neurosurgery patients, improve the rehabilitation efficiency of patients, and reduce unnecessary suffering of patients caused by infection. This is also an effective means to improve the quality of hospital medical care. </p>

Long-term results of thigh arteriovenous dialysis grafts

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Kim ◽  
Cynthia Bhola ◽  
Naomi Eisenberg ◽  
Janice Montbriand ◽  
George Oreopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Error ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Primary Patency ◽  
Upper Extremities ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
High Infection Rate ◽  
Cumulative Proportion ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Arteriovenous Access

Introduction: A proportion of hemodialysis patients exhaust all options for arteriovenous access in upper extremities. Arteriovenous thigh grafts are a potential vascular access option in such patients. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of all thigh arteriovenous access grafts placed between 1995 and 2015. The clinical, demographic patient information and patency of each thigh graft was determined from the time of surgical creation placement until abandonment, transfer to other modality, or center or end of study, and the reason for access failure documented. Results: In total, 44 patients received 49 thigh arteriovenous accesses. The average age was 60 years (13–79 years); Half (53%) of the patients (n = 24) were female and 61% of the patients (n = 30) of arteriovenous accesses were left-sided. The cumulative proportion surviving (primary patency rates) at 12, 24, and 28 months were 43% (standard error = 9%), 33% (standard error = 9%), and 13% (standard error = 9%), respectively. The cumulative proportion of surviving grafts at 12, 24, and 48 months were 61% (standard error = 8%), 58% (standard error = 9%), and 31% (standard error = 13%), respectively. In total, 37 revisions were performed in 22 patients to maintain patency or eradicate infection. Infection occurred in 20 patients (39%) of thigh grafts requiring 16 patients (80% of those affected) to be removed; 14 patients had grafts (33.3%) that served as the lone hemodialysis arteriovenous access during the patients’ lifetime on dialysis. Conclusion: Arteriovenous thigh graft access is used infrequently, but they have an acceptable patency. Some accesses require revisions and they have a high infection rate. Despite this, an acceptable proportion of leg grafts provide durable access for the dialysis lifetime of the patient.

scholarly journals Identification and ecology of alternative insect vectors of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ to grapevine

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Quaglino ◽  
Francesco Sanna ◽  
Abdelhameed Moussa ◽  
Monica Faccincani ◽  
Alessandro Passera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
High Infection Rate ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Bois Noir ◽  
Euscelidius Variegatus ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Opening Up

AbstractBois noir, a disease of the grapevine yellows complex, is associated with ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ and transmitted to grapevines in open fields by the cixiids Hyalesthes obsoletus and Reptalus panzeri. In vine-growing areas where the population density of these vectors is low within the vineyard, the occurrence of bois noir implies the existence of alternative vectors. The aim of this study was to identify alternative vectors through screening of the Auchenorrhyncha community, phytoplasma typing by stamp gene sequence analyses, and transmission trials. During field activities, conducted in Northern Italy in a vineyard where the bois noir incidence was extremely high, nine potential alternative insect vectors were identified according to high abundance in the vineyard agro-ecosystem, high infection rate, and harbouring phytoplasma strains characterized by stamp gene sequence variants found also in symptomatic grapevines. Transmission trials coupled with molecular analyses showed that at least eight species (Aphrodes makarovi, Dicranotropis hamata, Dictyophara europaea, Euscelis incisus, Euscelidius variegatus, Laodelphax striatella, Philaenus spumarius, and Psammotettix alienus/confinis) are alternative vectors of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ to grapevines. These novel findings highlight that bois noir epidemiology in vineyard agro-ecosystems is more complex than previously known, opening up new perspectives in the disease management.

scholarly journals Sonographic features of the testicular adrenal rests tumors in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: a single-center experience and literature review

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Ma ◽  
Yu Xia ◽  
Linlin Wang ◽  
Ruifeng Liu ◽  
Xuepei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Steroid Treatment ◽  
Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Hydroxylase Deficiency ◽  
Scrotal Ultrasound ◽  
Testicular Lesions

Abstract Purpose Testicular adrenal rests tumor (TART) is a rare kind of benign tumor in the testis. It usually occurred secondary to congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), a hormonal disorder caused by hydroxylase deficiency. As the first-line examination method, ultrasound provides crucial diagnostic information for TART, although misdiagnosis to malignancy is quite common because of its rare prevalence. We aimed to summarize the sonographic manifestations of TART to improve the diagnostic accuracy and specificity. Methods Eight CAH patients with TART identified by ultrasound in our medical center were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical and hormonal profile, semen analysis and treatment choices were collected. Sonographic examinations were performed at the first evaluation and interpreted by experienced radiologists individually. All patients received regular follow-up, and 5 patients undertook repeated scrotal ultrasound. A literature review of TART in CAH patients was conducted, with 123 patients from 23 articles since 1990 included. Results A total of 8 patients aged between 4 to 27 years old were enrolled. 7 of 8 (87.5%) patients exhibited bilateral testicular lesions. The sizes of the testicular lesions were between 0.18 ml to 5.68 ml, and all showed a clear boundary. 10/15 (66.7%) lesions were homogenously hypoechoic, 4/15 (26.7%) were heterogeneously iso-hypoechoic, and 1/15 (6.7%) were homogenously isoechoic. 10/15 (66.7%) lesions were hyper-vascular. The longitudinal follow-up of 5 patients showed testicular lesions changed in terms of size, echogenicity, and vascularity after steroid treatment. A potential correlation may exist between ACTH levels and tumor size (p = 0.066). From the literature review, 100/123 (81%) patients got bilateral lesions, and 95% of them were located near the mediastinum. 80/103 (78%) lesions exhibited a clear boundary, and predominant lesions (74%) were hypoechogenic. Vascularity was with great diversity. Seventy-nine lesions of 44 patients were followed-up by scrotal ultrasound, among which 29 (37%) remained unchanged, 29(37%) shrank, and 21(27%) disappeared. Conclusions Key sonographic characteristics of TART are: resembled lesions on both testes, located near the mediastinum, clear boundary, and changed in size or echogenicity after steroid treatment. These features can help radiologists to make an accurate diagnosis of TART.

scholarly journals Headache in the presentation of noncephalic acute illness

2015 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 494-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomer Tzadok ◽  
Ronen Toledano ◽  
Lior Fuchs ◽  
Carmi Bartal ◽  
Victor Novack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Center ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Primary Headache ◽  
Headache Disorder ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Acute Illness ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Primary Headache Disorder ◽  
Primary Headache Disorders ◽  
Younger Age

ABSTRACT Background: Headache is a frequent symptom of many systemic diseases that do not involve cranial structures. In this observational study, we assessed factors associated with headache in the acute presentation of systemic conditions in a nonsurgical emergency department (ED). Methods: Consecutive patients, admitted to Soroka University Medical Center ED due to noncephalic illness, were prospectively surveyed using a structured questionnaire focused on the prevalence and characteristics of headache symptoms. Medical data were extracted from the patient's charts. Results: Between 1 and 6/2012, 194 patients aged 64.69 ± 19.52 years, were evaluated. Headache was reported by 83 (42.7%) patients and was more common among patients with febrile illness (77.5% vs. 22.5%, P < 0.001). Respiratory illness and level of O2saturation were not associated with headache. Headache in the presentation of a noncephalic illness was associated with younger age (58 vs. 69, P < 0.001) and with suffering from a primary headache disorder (48.2% vs. 10.8%, P < 0.001). Headache was also associated with higher body temperature and lower platelets count. Conclusions: Headache is a common symptom in acute noncephalic conditions and was found to be associated with younger age and febrile disease on presentation. Patients who present with primary headache disorders are more prone to have headache during acute illness. Acute obstructive respiratory disease, hypercarbia or hypoxemia were not associated with headache.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Toxoplasma gondii Infection among Pregnant Women in Northeast Iran

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1771-1773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalal Babaie ◽  
Samira Amiri ◽  
Ehsan Mostafavi ◽  
Nayereh Hassan ◽  
Peyman Lotfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Environment ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
High Infection Rate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Northeast Iran

ABSTRACTWe reportToxoplasmaIgG seroprevalence of 34.4% among 419 pregnant women in Mashhad, northeast Iran. Soil contact, living in rural environment, and level of education were associated with infection. The prevalence did not increase with age, suggesting high infection rate during childhood and adolescence.

scholarly journals High infection rate of zoonoticEucoleus aerophilusinfection in foxes from Serbia

Parasite ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Lalošević ◽  
Dušan Lalošević ◽  
Ivan Čapo ◽  
Verica Simin ◽  
Annamaria Galfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
High Infection Rate ◽  
High Infection

scholarly journals Comparison Between Monochorionic and Dichorionic Placentas With Special Attention to Vascular Anastomoses and Placental Share

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Depeng Zhao ◽  
Michal Lipa ◽  
Miroslaw Wielgos ◽  
Danielle Cohen ◽  
Johanna M Middeldorp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Laser Surgery ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

Placental vascular anastomoses in twins lead to a shared circulation and may subsequently enable the development of severe complications such as twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) and twin anemia–polycythemia sequence (TAPS). The presence of vascular anastomoses has frequently and systematically been studied in monochorionic (MC) placentas, but only rarely in dichorionic (DC) placentas. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of vascular anastomoses and evaluate the sharing discordance in MC and DC placentas. All consecutive placentas of MC and DC twins delivered at the Leiden University Medical Center (the Netherlands) and Medical University of Warsaw (Poland) from 2012 to 2015 were routinely injected with colored dye and included in the study. We excluded twin pregnancies treated with fetoscopic laser surgery. A total of 258 placentas were analyzed in this study, including 134 MC placentas and 124 DC placentas. Vascular anastomoses were present in 99% (133/134) of MC placentas and 0% of DC placentas (p < .01). Placental share discordance between MC twins was significantly larger compared to DC twins, 19.8 (interquartile range [IQR] 8.1–33.3) and 10.8 (IQR 6.2–19.0), respectively (p < .01). Vascular anastomoses associated complications occurred in 16% (22/134) MC twins. Our findings show that vascular anastomoses are almost ubiquitous in MC placentas, but non-existent in DC placentas. In addition, unequal placental sharing appears to be more common in MC than in DC placentas.

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