scholarly journals Increased risk of major depressive disorder in sleep apnea patients in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Min Chen ◽  
Chia-Yu Kuo ◽  
Meng-Ni Wu ◽  
Jen-Yu Hung ◽  
Chung-Yao Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractThe association between sleep apnea (SA) and depression had been reported in a few previous studies. However, whether SA increases the risk of major depressive disorder (MDD) has not been studied comprehensively in a large-scale study. We performed this population-based cohort study to assess the association between SA and MDD. We identified adult patients having SA from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database and excluded those having MDD before SA diagnosis. Thirty control subjects were randomly selected to match to each SA patient by age and sex. Totally, 10,259 SA patients were matched to 102,590 control subjects. The incidence rate and cumulative incidence of MDD were significantly higher in SA patients than in the control subjects (both p < 0.0001). Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that SA remained an independent risk factor for incident MDD after adjusting for age, sex, residency, income level, and comorbidities (hazard ratio = 2.9 [95% CI 2.8–3.1], p < 0.0001). In summary, SA patients have an increased risk to develop MDD. Physicians caring for SA patients must pay attention to their psychosocial health status.

scholarly journals The Association between Temporomandibular Disorder and Sleep Apnea—A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6311
Author(s):  
Ju-Hui Wu ◽  
Kun-Tsung Lee ◽  
Chia-Yu Kuo ◽  
Chih-Hung Cheng ◽  
Jih-Yu Chiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorder ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Control Subjects

An increased incidence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) among patients with sleep apnea (SA) has been reported. However, the association between TMD and SA has not been demonstrated in a large-scale study. This population-based cohort study with the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) Research Database aimed to understand the association between SA and TMD. We identified adult patients with suspected SA (identified with diagnostic codes) and excluded those diagnosed with TMD prior to SA. Patients with SA diagnosis after polysomnography were also identified as probable SA patients. The index dates were the dates of their initial SA diagnosis. Ten control subjects were matched, by age and sex, to each SA patient, and were assigned the same index dates as the SA patients. In total, 10,408 suspected SA patients (including 4105 probable SA patients) matched to 104,080 control subjects (including 41,050 subjects matched to the probable SA patients) in this study. The TMD incidence rate was significantly higher in the SA patients than in the control subjects (2.8 vs. 1.0 per thousand-patient-year in probable SA patients vs. the corresponding control subjects, with an adjusted incidence rate ratio [95% confidence interval] = 2.5 [2.3–2.7], p < 0.0001). SA patients significantly showed a higher cumulative incidence of TMD than the corresponding control subjects (p < 0.0001). Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed SA as an independent risk factor for the development of TMD (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.5 [1.7–3.7], p < 0.0001). In summary, this study confirmed an increased TMD incidence in the SA patients. While treating TMD patients, dentists should pay careful attention to the potential underlying SA.

scholarly journals The overlap of genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia and cardiometabolic disease can be used to identify metabolically different groups of individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rona J. Strawbridge ◽  
Keira J. A. Johnston ◽  
Mark E. S. Bailey ◽  
Damiano Baldassarre ◽  
Breda Cullen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractUnderstanding why individuals with severe mental illness (Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder) have increased risk of cardiometabolic disease (including obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease), and identifying those at highest risk of cardiometabolic disease are important priority areas for researchers. For individuals with European ancestry we explored whether genetic variation could identify sub-groups with different metabolic profiles. Loci associated with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder from previous genome-wide association studies and loci that were also implicated in cardiometabolic processes and diseases were selected. In the IMPROVE study (a high cardiovascular risk sample) and UK Biobank (general population sample) multidimensional scaling was applied to genetic variants implicated in both psychiatric and cardiometabolic disorders. Visual inspection of the resulting plots used to identify distinct clusters. Differences between these clusters were assessed using chi-squared and Kruskall-Wallis tests. In IMPROVE, genetic loci associated with both schizophrenia and cardiometabolic disease (but not bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder) identified three groups of individuals with distinct metabolic profiles. This grouping was replicated within UK Biobank, with somewhat less distinction between metabolic profiles. This work focused on individuals of European ancestry and is unlikely to apply to more genetically diverse populations. Overall, this study provides proof of concept that common biology underlying mental and physical illness may help to stratify subsets of individuals with different cardiometabolic profiles.

Twelve-month prevalence and disability of DSM-IV bipolar disorder in an Australian general population survey

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 777-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. MITCHELL ◽  
T. SLADE ◽  
G. ANDREWS
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Days Out Of Role

Background. There have been few large-scale epidemiological studies which have examined the prevalence of bipolar disorder. The authors report 12-month prevalence data for DSM-IV bipolar disorder from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being.Method. The broad methodology of the Australian National Survey has been described previously. Ten thousand, six hundred and forty-one people participated. The 12-month prevalence of euphoric bipolar disorder (I and II) – similar to the euphoric-grandiose syndrome of Kessler and co-workers – was determined. Those so identified were compared with subjects with major depressive disorder and the rest of the sample, on rates of co-morbidity with anxiety and substance use disorders as well as demographic features and measures of disability and service utilization. Polychotomous logistic regression was used to study the relationship between the three samples and these dependent variables.Results. There was a 12-month prevalence of 0·5% for bipolar disorder. Compared with subjects with major depressive disorder, those with bipolar disorder were distinguished by a more equal gender ratio; a greater likelihood of being widowed, separated or divorced; higher rates of drug abuse or dependence; greater disability as measured by days out of role; increased rates of treatment with medicines; and higher lifetime rates of suicide attempts.Conclusions. This large national survey highlights the marked functional impairment caused by bipolar disorder, even when compared with major depressive disorder.

scholarly journals Deep phenotyping of attention impairments and the ‘Inattention Biotype’ in Major Depressive Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (13) ◽  
pp. 2203-2212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arielle S. Keller ◽  
Tali M. Ball ◽  
Leanne M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Behavioral Measure ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Attention Impairment ◽  
Attention Impairments

AbstractBackgroundAttention impairment is an under-investigated feature and diagnostic criterion of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) that is associated with poorer outcomes. Despite increasing knowledge regarding mechanisms of attention in healthy adults, we lack a detailed characterization of attention impairments and their neural signatures in MDD.MethodsHere, we focus on selective attention and advance a deep multi-modal characterization of these impairments in MDD, using data acquired from n = 1008 patients and n = 336 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Selective attention impairments were operationalized and anchored in a behavioral performance measure, assessed within a battery of cognitive tests. We sought to establish the accompanying neural signature using independent measures of functional magnetic resonance imaging (15% of the sample) and electroencephalographic recordings of oscillatory neural activity.ResultsGreater impairment on the behavioral measure of selective attention was associated with intrinsic hypo-connectivity of the fronto-parietal attention network. Not only was this relationship specific to the fronto-parietal network unlike other large-scale networks; this hypo-connectivity was also specific to selective attention performance unlike other measures of cognition. Selective attention impairment was also associated with lower posterior alpha (8–13 Hz) power at rest and was related to more severe negative bias (frequent misidentifications of neutral faces as sad and lingering attention on sad faces), relevant to clinical features of negative attributions and brooding. Selective attention impairments were independent of overall depression severity and of worrying or sleep problems.ConclusionsThese results provide a foundation for the clinical translational development of objective markers and targeted therapeutics for attention impairment in MDD.

scholarly journals Do Children With Constipation Have Increased Risk of Asthma? Real-World Data From a Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Chu Huang ◽  
Meng-Che Wu ◽  
Yu-Hsun Wang ◽  
James Cheng-Chung Wei
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Hazard Ratio ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Childhood Disorders ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Asthma is one of the most burdensome childhood disorders. Growing evidence disclose intestinal dysbiosis may contribute to asthma via the gut-lung axis. Constipation can lead to alteration of the gut microbiota. The clinical impact of constipation on asthma has not been researched. Therefore, we aim to assess whether pediatric constipation influence the risk of developing asthma by a nationwide population-based cohort study.Methods: We analyzed 10,363 constipated patients and 10,363 individuals without constipation between 1999 and 2013 from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. Analysis of propensity score was utilized to match age, sex, comorbidities, and medications at a ratio of 1:1. In addition, multiple Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate the adjusted hazard ratio of asthma. Furthermore, sensitivity tests and a stratified analysis were performed.Results: After adjustment for age, sex, comorbidities, and medications, constipated patients had a 2.36-fold greater risk of asthma compared to those without constipation [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 2.36, 95% C.I. 2.04–2.73, p &lt; 0.001]. Furthermore, the severity of constipation is associated with an increased risk of asthma; the adjusted hazard ratio was 2.25, 2.85, and 3.44 within &lt; 3, 3–12, and ≥12 times of laxatives prescription within 1 year, respectively (p &lt; 0.001).Conclusion: Constipation was correlated with a significantly increased risk of asthma. Pediatricians should be aware of the possibility of asthma in constipated patients. Further research is warranted to investigate the possible pathological mechanisms of this association.

scholarly journals Microstructural deficits in the thalamus of major depressive disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Xu ◽  
Gangqiang Hou ◽  
Yuxuan Zhang ◽  
Yingli Zhang ◽  
Hui Ai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Microstructural Properties ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
T1 Relaxation ◽  
Structural Abnormalities

Macroscopic structural abnormalities in the thalamus and thalamic circuits have been shown to contribute to the neuropathology of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, cytoarchitectonic properties underlying these macroscopic abnormalities remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to identify systematic deficits of brain architecture in depression, from structural brain network organization to microstructural properties. A multi-modal neuroimaging approach including diffusion, anatomical and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to examine structural-related alternations in 56 MDD patients compared with 35 age- and sex-matched controls. Structural networks were constructed and analyzed using seed-based probabilistic tractography. Morphometric measurements, including cortical thickness and voxel-based morphometry (VBM), were evaluated across the whole brain. A conjunction analysis was then conducted to identify key regions showing common structural alternations across modalities. The microstructural properties, macromolecular tissue volume (MTV) and T1 relaxation times of identified key regions were then calculated. Results showed multiple alterations of structural connectivity within a set of subcortical areas and their connections to cortical regions in MDD patients. These subcortical regions included the putamen, thalamus and caudate, which are predominately involved in the limbic-cortical-striatal-pallidal-thalamic network (LCSPT). Structural connectivity was disrupted within and between large-scale networks, mainly including subcortical networks, default mode networks and salience/ventral attention networks. Consistently, these regions also exhibited widespread volume reductions in MDD patients, specifically the bilateral thalamus, left putamen and right caudate. Importantly, the microstructural properties, T1 relaxation time of left thalamus were increased and negatively correlated with its gray matter volume in MDD patients. The present work to date sheds light on the neuropathological disruptions of LCSPT circuit in MDD, providing the first multi-modal neuroimaging evidence for the macro-micro structural abnormalities of the thalamus in patients with MDD. These findings have implications in understanding the abnormal changes of brain structures across development of MDD.

Large-scale classification of major depressive disorder via distributed Lasso

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dajiang Zhu ◽  
Qingyang Li ◽  
Brandalyn C. Riedel ◽  
Neda Jahanshad ◽  
Derrek P. Hibar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Scale Classification

Bipolar disorder and risk of Parkinson disease

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (24) ◽  
pp. e2735-e2742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mao-Hsuan Huang ◽  
Chih-Ming Cheng ◽  
Kai-Lin Huang ◽  
Ju-Wei Hsu ◽  
Ya-Mei Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Depressive Episodes

ObjectiveTo evaluate the risk of Parkinson disease (PD) among patients with bipolar disorder (BD).MethodsUsing the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, we examined 56,340 patients with BD and 225,360 age- and sex-matched controls between 2001 and 2009 and followed them to the end of 2011. Individuals who developed PD during the follow-up period were identified.ResultsPatients with BD had a higher incidence of PD (0.7% vs 0.1%, p < 0.001) during the follow-up period than the controls. A Cox regression analysis with adjustments for demographic data and medical comorbid conditions revealed that patients with BD were more likely to develop PD (hazard ratio [HR] 6.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.74–8.02) than the control group. Sensitivity analyses after exclusion of the first year (HR 5.82, 95% CI 4.89–6.93) or first 3 years (HR 4.42; 95% CI 3.63–5.37) of observation showed consistent findings. Moreover, a high frequency of psychiatric admission for manic/mixed and depressive episodes was associated with an increased risk of developing PD.ConclusionPatients with BD had a higher incidence of PD during the follow-up period than the control group. Manic/mixed and depressive episodes were associated with an elevated likelihood of developing PD. Further studies are necessary to investigate the underlying pathophysiology between BD and PD.

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