scholarly journals Spatial and temporal patterns of genetic diversity in Bombus terrestris populations of the Iberian Peninsula and their conservation implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Cejas ◽  
Pilar De la Rúa ◽  
Concepción Ornosa ◽  
Denis Michez ◽  
Irene Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Bombus Terrestris ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotype ◽  
Crop Pollination ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Natural Distribution ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
Iberian Population

AbstractThe bumblebee Bombus terrestris is used worldwide for crop pollination. Despite its positive impact on crop yield, it has become a widespread threat to biodiversity due to its interactions with local bumblebee populations. Commercial subspecies introduced to the Iberian Peninsula since the 1990s without any regulation have colonized the environment, with evidence of naturalization and introgression with the endemic subspecies Bombus terrestris lusitanicus. We have used mitochondrial and nuclear genetic data to describe the current genetic diversity of the Iberian population and to estimate the expansion of commercial bumblebees. Samples from the natural distribution range of the commercial subspecies, the natural intergradation area between the two subspecies and from a period prior to the use of commercial colonies (i.e., before the 1990s) have been used for comparison. Our results show that the mitochondrial haplotype of the commercial breeds has spread throughout the territory, which, together with subtle changes observed in the nuclear genetic diversity of the populations, indicates that hybridization and consequent introgression are occurring in most of the peninsula. It is, therefore, necessary to improve the existing legislation concerning the management and exportation of commercial bumblebees to conserve locally adapted populations.

scholarly journals Population genomics of Bombus terrestris reveals high but unstructured genetic diversity in a potential glacial refugium

2019 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara E Silva ◽  
Sofia G Seabra ◽  
Luísa G Carvalheiro ◽  
Vera L Nunes ◽  
Eduardo Marabuto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Population Genomics ◽  
Bombus Terrestris ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Glacial Refugium ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotypes ◽  
Genetic Pool ◽  
Population Resilience

Abstract Ongoing climate change is expected to cause an increase in temperature and a reduction of precipitation levels in the Mediterranean region, which might cause changes in many species distributions. These effects negatively influence species gene pools, decreasing genetic variability and adaptive potential. Here, we use mitochondrial DNA and RADseq to analyse population genetic structure and genetic diversity of the bumblebee species Bombus terrestris (subspecies Bombus terrestris lusitanicus), in the Iberian Peninsula. Although this subspecies shows a panmictic pattern of population structure across Iberia and beyond, we found differentiation between subspecies B. t. lusitanicus and B. t. africanus, probably caused by the existence of barriers to gene flow between Iberia and North Africa. Furthermore, the results revealed that the Iberian Peninsula harbours a large fraction of B. terrestris intraspecific genetic variation, with the highest number of mitochondrial haplotypes found when compared with any other region in Europe studied so far, suggesting a potential role for the Iberian Peninsula as a glacial refugium. Our findings strengthen the idea that Iberia is a very important source of diversity for the global genetic pool of this species, because rare alleles might play a role in population resilience against human- or climate-mediated changes.

Analysis of genetic diversity in Cassia brewsteri with randomly amplified DNA fingerprints (RAFs)

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Cunningham ◽  
Kerry B. Walsh ◽  
Eric R. Anderson ◽  
Dion K. Harrison ◽  
Bernie J. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Dna Fingerprints ◽  
Similarity Coefficients ◽  
Natural Distribution ◽  
Amplification Profile

Genetic diversity in Cassia brewsteri (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth. was assessed with Randomly Amplified DNA Fingerprints (RAFs). Thirty accessions of C. brewsteri collected from throughout its natural distribution were analysed with three random decamer primers, along with three accessions of C. tomentella (Benth.) Domin and a single accession of each of C. queenslandica C.T.White and C. marksiana (F.M.Bailey) Domin. The three primers yielded a reproducible amplification profile of 265 scorable polymorphic fragments for the 35 accessions. These molecular markers were used to calculate Nei and Li similarity coefficients between each pair of individuals. A matrix of dissimilarity of each pair of individuals was examined by multidimensional scaling (MDS). The analysis supports the division of C. brewsteri into two subspecies and the suggestion that intergradation ofC. brewsteri and C. tomentella can occur where the distributions of these species meet.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity among queen bee, worker bees and larvae in terms of retrotransposon movements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levent Mercan ◽  
Cihat Erdem Bulbul ◽  
Sevgi Marakli
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Bombus Terrestris ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Apis Mellifera Caucasica ◽  
Queen Larvae ◽  
Honeybee Genome

Abstract Objective Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) is a model organism, contributing significant effect on global ecology by pollination and examining due to its social behaviour. Methods In this study, barley-specific Sukkula and Nikita retrotransposons were analysed using IRAP (Inter-Retrotransposon Amplification Polymorphism) marker technique, and the relationships between retrotransposon movements and development were also investigated in three different colonies of the Caucasian bee (Apis mellifera caucasica). Furthermore, transposon sequences belonging to Apis mellifera, Bombus terrestris, Triticum turgidum and Hordeum vulgare were also examined to figure out evolutionary relationships. Results For this purpose, a queen bee, five worker bees, and five larvae from each colony were studied. Both retrotransposons were found in all samples in three colonies with different polymorphism ratios (0-100% for Nikita and 0-67% for Sukkula). We also determined polymorphisms in queen-worker (0-83% for Nikita, 0-63% for Sukkula), queen-larvae (0-83% for Nikita, 0-43% for Sukkula) and worker-larvae comparisons (0-100% for Nikita, 0-63% for Sukkula) in colonies. Moreover, close relationships among transposons found in plant and insect genomes as a result of in silico evaluations to verify experimental results. Conclusion This work could be one of the first studies to analyse plant-specific retrotransposons’ movements in honeybee genome. Results are expected to understand evolutionary relationships in terms of horizontal transfer of transposons among kingdoms.

Genetic diversity in the Iberian Peninsula determined from mitochondrial sequence analysis

1996 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. S. M. CÔRTE-REAL ◽  
V. A. MACAULAY ◽  
M. B. RICHARDS ◽  
G. HARITI ◽  
M. S. ISSAD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Mitochondrial Sequence

Regional divergence and inbreeding in Eucalyptus cladocalyx (Myrtaceae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 393 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. McDonald ◽  
M. Rawlings ◽  
P. A. Butcher ◽  
J. C. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Natural Distribution ◽  
Flinders Ranges ◽  
Outcrossing Rates ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Western Victoria ◽  
Ornamental Species ◽  
Regional Divergence

Eucalyptus cladocalyx F.Muell. is a widely cultivated tree in dryland southern Australia. It is grown for firewood, timber production and as a windbreak and ornamental species. Natural populations of E. cladocalyx are endemic to South Australia where they occur in three disjunct regions. This study assessed the mating system and patterns of genetic diversity in natural populations of E. cladocalyx by using allozymes. Populations had relatively low levels of genetic diversity (HE = 0.148) and high levels of genetic divergence (θ = 0.26) among populations, similar to other regionally distributed eucalypts. Populations clustered into three distinct groups, which corresponded to its disjunct natural distribution. Genetic differentiation among populations and between regions was highly significant. Relatively high levels of inbreeding (tm = 0.57) were detected in natural populations of E.�cladocalyx. Outcrossing rates were highly variable among families, ranging from 0 to 100%. One-third of families from four populations had outcrossing rates that were not significantly different from zero. The origins of three commercially significant, cultivated stands of E. cladocalyx were also assessed. Allozyme profiles of cultivated stands from Wail and Lismore in western Victoria suggested origins in the Wirrabara region of the southern Flinders Ranges, while a cultivated stand of E. cladocalyx var. nana Hort. ex Yates had an allozyme profile consistent with origins in the Eyre Peninsula region. The results are discussed in relation to the species' morphological variation, biogeography and the implications for its domestication and conservation.

scholarly journals Phenolic Compounds Content and Genetic Diversity at Population Level across the Natural Distribution Range of Bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Ericaceae) in the Iberian Peninsula

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1250
Author(s):  
Esther Asensio ◽  
Daniel Vitales ◽  
Iván Pérez ◽  
Laia Peralba ◽  
Juan Viruel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Natural Distribution ◽  
Antioxidant Additive ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tract Infections

Bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) is a medicinal plant traditionally employed for the treatment of urinary tract infections due to high contents of arbutin (hydroquinone β-D-glucoside), which is now mainly used as a natural skin-whitening agent in cosmetics. Bearberry has also been proposed as a natural antioxidant additive due to the high contents of phenolic compounds in leaves. We studied the variation on phenolic compounds in 42 wild populations of bearberry, aiming to elucidate if intrinsic biological, climatic, and/or geographic factors affect phenolic contents across its natural distribution in the Iberian Peninsula. Bearberry leaves were collected during autumn over a three-year period (2014–2016) in populations across a latitude and altitude gradient. Methanolic extracts showed a wide range of variation in total phenols content, and different phenolic profiles regarding arbutin (levels of this major constituent varied from 87 to 232 mg/g dr wt), but also catechin and myricetin contents, which were affected by geographic and climatic factors. Moderate levels of variation on genome size—assessed by flow cytometry—and on two plastid DNA regions were also detected among populations. Genetic and cytogenetic differentiation of populations was weakly but significantly associated to phytochemical diversity. Elite bearberry genotypes with higher antioxidant capacity were subsequently identified.

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