Foraging dive frequency predicts body mass gain in the Adélie penguin

AbstractQuantifying food intake in wild animals is crucial to many ecological and evolutionary questions, yet it can be very challenging, especially in the marine environment. Because foraging behavior can be inferred from dive recordings in many marine creatures, we hypothesized that specific behavioral dive variables can indicate food intake. To test this hypothesis, we attached time-depth recorders to breeding Adélie penguins also implanted with RFID tags that crossed a weighbridge as they traveled to and from the ocean to feed their chicks. The weighbridge reported how much mass the penguin had gained during a foraging trip. The variables that explained a significant amount of the change in body mass while at sea were the number of foraging dives per hour (46%) and the number of undulations per hour (12%). Most importantly, every increment of 1 in the rate of foraging dives per hour equated to a penguin gaining an average 170 g of mass, over the course of a 6–60 h foraging trip. These results add to a growing understanding that different metrics of foraging success are likely appropriate for different species, and that assessing the types and frequencies of dives using time-depth recorders can yield valuable insights.

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Effects of neurosecretory protein GL on food intake and fat accumulation under different dietary nutrient compositions in rats

Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1093/bbb/zbab064 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Keisuke Fukumura ◽

Kenshiro Shikano ◽

Yuaki Narimatsu ◽

Eiko Iwakoshi-Ukena ◽

Megumi Furumitsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Feeding Behavior ◽

Body Mass ◽

Mass Gain ◽

Chow Diet ◽

Tissue Mass ◽

Fat Accumulation ◽

Intracerebroventricular Infusion ◽

Body Mass Gain ◽

Sucrose Diet

Abstract We recently identified a novel hypothalamic small protein, named neurosecretory protein GL (NPGL), which is involved in energy homeostasis in birds and mammals. However, whether the action of NPGL is influenced by nutritional composition remains unknown. Thus, we investigated the effect of chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of NPGL for 13 days on feeding behavior and body mass gain under a normal chow diet (NC), high-fat diet, high-sucrose diet (HSD), and medium-fat/medium-sucrose diet (MFSD) in rats. NPGL stimulated food intake of NC and MFSD, especially during the light period. By contrast, NPGL decreased body mass gain under NC and increased total white adipose tissue mass in HSD- and MFSD-fed rats. These data suggest that the effects of NPGL on feeding behavior, body mass gain, and fat accumulation depend on nutrient type. Among them, sucrose in diets seems to contribute to fat accumulation elicited by NPGL.

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Hyperhomocysteinemia induced by methionine nutritional overload more promptly affects brain than heart cholinergic system without affects on food intake and body mass gain

Atherosclerosis ◽

10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.06.536 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 263 ◽

pp. e168

Author(s):

Dragan Hrncic ◽

Aleksandra Rasic-Markovic ◽

Mirjana Colovic ◽

Danijela Krstic ◽

Nikola Sutulovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Body Mass ◽

Cholinergic System ◽

Mass Gain ◽

Body Mass Gain

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Hydration status of Greco-Roman wrestlers in an authentic precompetition situation

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2012-0334 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 621-625 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Vahur Ööpik ◽

Saima Timpmann ◽

Andres Burk ◽

Innar Hannus

Keyword(s):

Specific Gravity ◽

Body Mass ◽

Urine Osmolality ◽

Mass Gain ◽

The Body ◽

Urine Specific Gravity ◽

Hydration Status ◽

Greco Roman ◽

Reduced Body ◽

Body Mass Gain

We assessed the urinary indexes of hydration status of Greco-Roman wrestlers in an authentic precompetition situation at the time of official weigh-in (OWI). A total of 51 of 89 wrestlers competing in the Estonian Championship in 2009 donated a urine sample. Questionnaire responses revealed that 27 wrestlers (body mass losers (BMLs)) reduced body mass before the competition, whereas 24 wrestlers (those who do not lose body mass (n-BMLs)) did not. In 42 wrestlers, values of urine specific gravity ≥1.020 and urine osmolality ≥700 mOsmol·kg−1 revealed a hypohydrated status. The prevalence of hypohydration in the BMLs (96%) was higher than in the n-BMLs (67%) (χ2 = 7.68; p < 0.05). The prevalence of serious hypohydration (urine specific gravity >1.030) was 5.3 times greater (χ2 = 8.32; p < 0.05) in the BMLs than in the n-BMLs. In the BMLs, the extent of body mass gain during the 16-h recovery (2.5 ± 1.2 kg) was associated (r = 0.764; p < 0.05) with self-reported precompetition body mass loss (4.3 ± 2.0 kg) and exceeded the body mass gain observed in the n-BMLs (0.7 ± 1.2 kg; p < 0.05). We conclude that hypohydration is prevalent among Greco-Roman wrestlers at the time of OWI. The prevalence of hypohydration and serious hypohydration is especially high among wrestlers who are accustomed to reducing body mass before competition. These results suggest that an effective rehydration strategy is needed for Olympic-style wrestlers, and that changes in wrestling rules should be considered to reduce the prevalence of harmful body mass management behaviours.

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Effects of concentrates and forages in rabbit (Oryctolagus cunicuius) body mass gain and carcass yield

UNISWA Research Journal of Agriculture Science and Technology ◽

10.4314/uniswa-rjast.v11i1.53510 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

F Udoh ◽

E Udoh

Keyword(s):

Body Mass ◽

Mass Gain ◽

Carcass Yield ◽

Body Mass Gain

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Effect of High Intensity Interval and Continuous Swimming Training on Body Mass Adiposity Level and Serum Parameters in High-Fat Diet Fed Rats

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2016/2194120 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Guilherme L. da Rocha ◽

Alex H. Crisp ◽

Maria R. M. de Oliveira ◽

Carlos A. da Silva ◽

Jadson O. Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Interval Training ◽

Mass Gain ◽

The Body ◽

Standard Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

Continuous Training ◽

Body Mass Gain ◽

Training Standard

This study aimed to investigate the effects of interval and continuous training on the body mass gain and adiposity levels of rats fed a high-fat diet. Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups, standard diet and high-fat diet, and received their respective diets for a period of four weeks without exercise stimuli. After this period, the animals were randomly divided into six groups (n=8): control standard diet (CS), control high-fat diet (CH), continuous training standard diet (CTS), continuous training high-fat diet (CTH), interval training standard diet (ITS), and interval training high-fat diet (ITH). The interval and continuous training consisted of a swimming exercise performed over eight weeks. CH rats had greater body mass gain, sum of adipose tissues mass, and lower serum high density lipoprotein values than CS. The trained groups showed lower values of feed intake, caloric intake, body mass gain, and adiposity levels compared with the CH group. No significant differences were observed between the trained groups (CTS versus ITS and CTH versus ITH) on body mass gains and adiposity levels. In conclusion, both training methodologies were shown to be effective in controlling body mass gain and adiposity levels in high-fat diet fed rats.

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Administration of 3,5‐diiodothyronine (3,5‐T2) causes central hypothyroidism and stimulates thyroid‐sensitive tissues

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1530/joe-13-0502 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 221 (3) ◽

pp. 415-427 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Alvaro Souto Padron ◽

Ruy Andrade Louzada Neto ◽

Thiago Urgal Pantaleão ◽

Maria Carolina de Souza dos Santos ◽

Renata Lopes Araujo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Body Mass ◽

Mass Gain ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Iodide Uptake ◽

Central Hypothyroidism ◽

Iodothyronine Deiodinase ◽

Nadph Oxidase 4 ◽

Body Mass Gain

In general, 3,5-diiodothyronine (3,5-T2) increases the resting metabolic rate and oxygen consumption, exerting short-term beneficial metabolic effects on rats subjected to a high-fat diet. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of chronic 3,5-T2 administration on the hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid axis, body mass gain, adipose tissue mass, and body oxygen consumption in Wistar rats from 3 to 6 months of age. The rats were treated daily with 3,5-T2 (25, 50, or 75 μg/100 g body weight, s.c.) for 90 days between the ages of 3 and 6 months. The administration of 3,5-T2 suppressed thyroid function, reducing not only thyroid iodide uptake but also thyroperoxidase, NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), and thyroid type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase (D1 (DIO1)) activities and expression levels, whereas the expression of the TSH receptor and dual oxidase (DUOX) were increased. Serum TSH, 3,3′,5-triiodothyronine, and thyroxine were reduced in a 3,5-T2 dose-dependent manner, whereas oxygen consumption increased in these animals, indicating the direct action of 3,5-T2 on this physiological variable. Type 2 deiodinase activity increased in both the hypothalamus and the pituitary, and D1 activities in the liver and kidney were also increased in groups treated with 3,5-T2. Moreover, after 3 months of 3,5-T2 administration, body mass and retroperitoneal fat pad mass were significantly reduced, whereas the heart rate and mass were unchanged. Thus, 3,5-T2 acts as a direct stimulator of energy expenditure and reduces body mass gain; however, TSH suppression may develop secondary to 3,5-T2 administration.

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The importance of landscape context for songbirds on migration: body mass gain is related to habitat cover

Landscape Ecology ◽

10.1007/s10980-007-9177-4 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 169-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Pavel Ktitorov ◽

Franz Bairlein ◽

Maxim Dubinin

Keyword(s):

Body Mass ◽

Mass Gain ◽

Landscape Context ◽

Body Mass Gain

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Daily patterns of body mass gain in four species of small wintering birds

Journal of Avian Biology ◽

10.1034/j.1600-048x.2002.330302.x ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 212-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Kristjan Lilliendahl

Keyword(s):

Body Mass ◽

Mass Gain ◽

Body Mass Gain ◽

Wintering Birds ◽

Daily Patterns

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Maternal Thyroid Hormone Deficiency During Gestation and Lactation Alters Metabolic and Thyroid Programming of the Offspring in the Adult Stage

Hormone and Metabolic Research ◽

10.1055/a-0896-0968 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 51 (06) ◽

pp. 381-388 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jorge Tapia-Martínez ◽

Alejandra Paola Torres-Manzo ◽

Margarita Franco-Colín ◽

Marisol Pineda-Reynoso ◽

Edgar Cano-Europa

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormone ◽

Thyroid Gland ◽

Body Mass ◽

Adult Life ◽

Mass Gain ◽

Hormone Deficiency ◽

Body Mass Gain ◽

Maternal Thyroid

AbstractEnvironmental stimuli during critical developmental stages establish long-term physiological and structural patterns that “program” health during adult life. Little is known about how alterations in hormonal supply might have consequences in metabolic and thyroid programming. This work aims to prove that alterations in the supply of thyroid hormones during gestation and lactation have long-term consequences in the metabolic and thyroid programming of the offspring. Female Wistar rats were divided into euthyroid, hypothyroid, and hypothyroid with 20 μg/day of s.c. thyroxine (T4), replacement wet nurses. Rats were mating, and after birth, pups were grouped according to their wet nurses group. Milk quality of wet nurses was assessed on days 7, 14, and 21. Body mass gain and energy intake of the offspring were monitored for 28 weeks after weaning. At sacrifice, we extracted and weighed their thyroid gland and adipose reserves, and collected blood to measure its metabolic and thyroid profiles. Hypothyroid wet nurses presented a persistent low quality of milk, while both male and female hypothyroid offspring presented lower body mass gain, higher blood glucose, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperleptinemia, as well as lower total adipose reserves, but higher visceral reserve, diminished T3 and T4 concentrations, and lower weight of thyroid gland. Thyroxine replacement prevented all changes in both wet nurses and pups. We conclude that maternal thyroid hormone deficiency during congenital and lactation stages alters the metabolic and thyroid programming of the offspring, while the reestablishment of maternal thyroid status during critical periods of development can prevent these alterations.

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