scholarly journals Ecological changes have driven biotic exchanges across the Indian Ocean

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel C. Bernardes ◽  
Kristina von Rintelen ◽  
Thomas von Rintelen ◽  
Almir R. Pepato ◽  
Timothy J. Page ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Bayesian Framework ◽  
Geological History ◽  
Stepping Stones ◽  
Tectonic History ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Time Specific

AbstractThe Indian Ocean has a complex geological history that has drawn the attention of naturalists for almost a century now. Due to its tectonic history, many geological elements and processes have been evoked to explain the exchange of species between landmasses. Here, we revisited previous studies on twenty-three taxa to investigate trends across time since the Gondwana breakup. We investigated these datasets by applying a time-calibrated Bayesian framework to them and reconstructing their ancestral ranges. We conclude that ecological transformations have presented opportunities for the establishment of migrants. The role of donating and receiving migrants has shifted several times according to these transformations. Time-specific trends show weak evidence for the stepping-stones commonly suggested as physical routes between landmasses. However, before its collision with Asia, India may have served as an intermediary for such exchanges.

scholarly journals Ecological changes have driven biotic exchanges across the Indian Ocean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Chagas Bernardes ◽  
Kristina von Rintelen ◽  
Thomas von Rintelen ◽  
Almir Rogerio Pepato ◽  
Timothy J Page ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Bayesian Framework ◽  
Geological History ◽  
Stepping Stones ◽  
Tectonic History ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Time Specific

The Indian Ocean has a complex geological history that has drawn the attention of naturalists for almost a century now. Due to its tectonic history, many geological elements and processes have been evoked to explain the exchange of species between landmasses. Here, we revisited previous studies on twenty-three taxa to investigate trends across time since the Gondwana breakup. We investigated these datasets by applying a time-calibrated Bayesian framework to them and reconstructing their ancestral ranges. We conclude that ecological transformations have presented opportunities for the establishment of migrants. The role of donating and receiving migrants has shifted several times according to these transformations. Time-specific trends show weak evidence for the stepping-stones commonly suggested as physical routes between landmasses. However, before its collision with Asia, India may have served as an intermediary for such exchanges.

THE ROLE OF EDUCATION ON DISASTER PREPAREDNESS CASE STUDY OF 2012 INDIAN OCEAN EARTHQUAKES ON THAILAND’S

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raya Muttarak ◽  
Wiraporn Pothisiri
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Disaster Experience ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Individual

In this paper we investigate how well residents of the Andaman coast in Phang Nga province, Thailand, are prepared for earthquakes and tsunami. It is hypothesized that formal education can promote disaster preparedness because education enhances individual cognitive and learning skills, as well as access to information. A survey was conducted of 557 households in the areas that received tsunami warnings following the Indian Ocean earthquakes on 11 April 2012. Interviews were carried out during the period of numerous aftershocks, which put residents in the region on high alert. The respondents were asked what emergency preparedness measures they had taken following the 11 April earthquakes. Using the partial proportional odds model, the paper investigates determinants of personal disaster preparedness measured as the number of preparedness actions taken. Controlling for village effects, we find that formal education, measured at the individual, household, and community levels, has a positive relationship with taking preparedness measures. For the survey group without past disaster experience, the education level of household members is positively related to disaster preparedness. The findings also show that disaster related training is most effective for individuals with high educational attainment. Furthermore, living in a community with a higher proportion of women who have at least a secondary education increases the likelihood of disaster preparedness. In conclusion, we found that formal education can increase disaster preparedness and reduce vulnerability to natural hazards.

A Secret People of South Asia. The Origins, Evolution and Role of the Luso-Indian Goan Community from the Sixteenth to Twentieth Centuries

Itinerario ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth McPherson
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Indian Ocean Region ◽  
Imperial Expansion ◽  
Ocean Region ◽  
The Indian Ocean

Until fairly recently, histories of European imperial expansion in the Indian Ocean region have been written largely in terms of the endeavours of Europeans in creating and controlling empire. Only in the last couple of decades has recognition been given slowly to the role of the indigenous economic and political compradors, both large and small, who were vital to the evolution and sustenance of European colonial empires.

Kinship as Politics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danna Agmon
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
French Empire ◽  
Family Networks ◽  
Commercial Networks ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Kinship Ties ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter considers the role of family networks, both French and Tamil, in the development of French empire in India. It charts how two Tamil dynasties drew on their kinship ties to create commercial networks that spanned the Indian Ocean, and highlights the involvement of of one local woman in the relationship between French colonists and local familial institutions.

Indonesia and the Arab World, Then and Now

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-55
Author(s):  
Mirjam Lücking
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter provides a historical overview of ambivalent encounters between Indonesia and the Arab world through findings that show the relationship between Indonesia and the Middle East. It recounts the Indonesians' earliest encounters with Arab traders in the seventh century, from confrontations with Indo Persian Sufi up to the current democratization process that have been marked by contradictory dynamics. It also explains how Arabs have been acknowledged as teachers of Islam and allies in the postcolonial nonbloc movement. The chapter describes the gloomy counterimage of the Arab world against which Indonesian officials and religious leaders drew the picture of a tolerant, pluralist Indonesian Islam. It mentions the key role of the mobility across the Indian Ocean in the formation of Islamic culture in Indonesia.

Maritime Diasporas in Asia before da Gama: An Introductory Commentary

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Clark
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Early Modern History ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Western Scholarship

AbstractThis preface introduces the five essays that comprise this special issue of JESHO. The author provides a synoptic overview of western scholarship on the Indian Ocean and on trade diasporas in order to situate the papers. This scholarship has only recently begun to recognize the important role of the Indian Ocean in early modern history, a change that the author traces to the work of K.N. Chaudhuri, Janet Abu-Lughod, and Philip Curtin. He concludes that the five papers in this special issue collectively mark an important step forward in the historiography of the Indian Ocean. Les cinq articles qui font partie du numéro du JESHO sont précedés d'une préface ou l'auteur donne une vue d'ensemble du travail scientifique occidental qui parle de l'océan Indien et des diasporas mercantiles. D'après l'auteur, le role capital de l'océan Indien au début de l'époque moderne commence à être mieux connu grace aux publications de K.N. Chaudhuri, de Janet Abu-Lughod et de Philip Curtin. Les cinq articles ci-compris représentent, donc, un pas en avant pour l'historiographie de l'océan Indien, selon cet auteur.

EX ORIENTE LUXURIA: INDIAN COMMODITIES AND ROMAN EXPERIENCE

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant Parker
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Roman Culture ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Région Méditerranéenne

AbstractThe role of commodities from the Indian Ocean is at the centre of this study of Roman imperial worldviews (c. 1st to 6th century). It begins by surveying the various kinds of objects brought to the Mediterranean from South Asia, e.g. spices and fabrics, and their routes, and then examines the ways in which Romans thought about them, both moralising and more strictly economic. This affords the chance to assess the notion of the exotic in Roman culture. Le rôle des marchandises venant de l'Océan Indien se retrouve au centre de cette étude des visions romaines impériales du monde (1er au 6e siècles). Ce travail commence par une étude générale des objets variés importés à la région méditerranéenne de l'Asie du Sud, par exemple des épices et des tissus, et de leurs itinéraires, et examine par la suite ce que les Romains peuvent en avoir pensé du point de vue moralisant et plus strictement économique. Ceci permet d'évaluer la notion de l'exotisme dans la culture romaine.

scholarly journals The role of the Indian Ocean sector for prediction of the coupled Indo-Pacific system: Impact of atmospheric coupling

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 2813-2829 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Hackert ◽  
A. J. Busalacchi ◽  
J. Carton ◽  
R. Murtugudde ◽  
P. Arkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Indian Ocean Sector ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Ocean Sector ◽  
System Impact ◽  
Atmospheric Coupling

Between Science and Religion: An Astrological Interpretation of the Asian Tsunami in India

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-249
Author(s):  
Liang Yongjia
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Indian Nation ◽  
The Indian Ocean

AbstractAstrology plays an important role in Indian social life. Indian astrologers' claim to have accurately predicted the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, or the Asian Tsunami, was an effort to legitimize astrology as a full science. This effort demonstrates a difficulty in knowledge categorization, for in India, astrology is neither classified as a science nor as a religion. This is a result of the idea of an Indian nation-state, which rests upon both science and religion as foundations, but at the expense of expelling astrology from religion for not being scientific. However, as astrology continues to be important in India, the astrological interpretation of the Indian Ocean Tsunami drew substantial public attention. Astrology's significant presence in Indian society shows the role of a mature civil society in India as well.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document