scholarly journals Osteopontin levels are associated with late-time lower regional brain volumes in multiple sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gergely Orsi ◽  
Zsofia Hayden ◽  
Tamas Cseh ◽  
Timea Berki ◽  
Zsolt Illes
Keyword(s):  
Late Time ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Lesion Load ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Regional Brain ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Mr Volumetry

AbstractOsteopontin (OPN) is a proinflammatory marker produced by systemic immune and central nervous system (CNS) resident cells. We examined, if the level of OPN in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood is associated with late-time regional brain volumes and white matter (WM) lesion load in MS. Concentrations of OPN in blood and CSF were related to MRI findings 10.1 ± 2.0 years later in 46 patients with MS. OPN concentration was measured by ELISA, while regional brain volumes and lesion load was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using 3D MPRAGE sequence and automated MR volumetry. OPN measured in the CSF was associated with several regional brain volumes and WM lesion load measured 10.1 ± 2.0 years later. CSF OPN concentration correlated with long-term enlargement of lateral- and inferior lateral ventricles and the elevation of gross CSF volume, in conjunction with the reduction of several cortical/subcortical gray matter and WM volumes. Serum OPN showed no long-term association with regional brain volumes. OPN measured from the CSF but not from the serum was associated with lower regional brain volumes measured a decade later, indicating the primary role of inflammation within the CNS in developing long-term brain related alterations.

scholarly journals Spinal Decompression Sickness in an Experienced Scuba Diver: A Case Report and Review of Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-238
Author(s):  
Altaf Saadi ◽  
Emily A. Ferenczi ◽  
Haatem Reda
Keyword(s):  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Decompression Sickness ◽  
Spinal Injury ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Leg Weakness ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Spinal Cord Decompression

Decompression sickness from diving is a rare but potentially reversible cause of spinal injury. Early treatment with hyperbaric oxygen is associated with a better neurologic outcome, making prompt recognition and management clinically important. We describe a case of a 65-year-old diver who presented with thoracic back pain and bilateral leg weakness after a 70 feet of sea water (fsw) (21 meters of sea water [msw]) dive, with no acute abnormality on spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). He made a partial recovery after extended hyperbaric oxygen therapy. We discuss the epidemiology and pathophysiology of central nervous system injury in decompression sickness, as well as acute management and prognostic factors for recovery, including the role of adjunctive therapies and the implications of negative MRI. Ultimately, clinicians should make the diagnosis of spinal cord decompression sickness based primarily on clinical evaluation, not on MRI findings.

scholarly journals Assessment of the effect of cigarette smoking on regional brain volumes and lesion load in patients with clinically isolated syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (9) ◽  
pp. 805-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamze Durhan ◽  
Sevda Diker ◽  
Arzu Ceylan Has ◽  
Jale Karakaya ◽  
Asli Tuncer Kurne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Clinically Isolated Syndrome ◽  
Lesion Load ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Regional Brain

Subtle upper limb impairment in asymptomatic multiple sclerosis subjects

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Solaro ◽  
G. Brichetto ◽  
M. Casadio ◽  
L. Roccatagliata ◽  
P. Ruggiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Clinically Isolated Syndrome ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Lesion Load ◽  
Upper Limb Function ◽  
Vision Condition ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

We evaluated upper limb function in multiple sclerosis (MS) subjects (11 clinically definite MS patients and seven clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) subjects), with a normal upper limb standard neurological examination. Subjects performed center-out reaching movements under visual control, with and without vision of the hand. Their movements were recorded through a digitizing tablet. Motor performance was also related to lesion load, estimated from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We found that in MS and CIS subjects, under the hand vision condition, movements were significantly less smooth, and had a less symmetric speed profile. However, the observed impairment did not correlate with MRI findings. This result may be interpreted as evidence of a compensatory strategy, elicited by subtle alterations in sensorimotor control. Multiple Sclerosis 2007; 13: 428-432. http://msj.sagepub.com

A Conceptual Analysis of Rape Victimization: Long-Term Effects and Implications for Treatment

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary P. Koss ◽  
Barry R. Burkhart
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Rape Victims ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
And Coping

Recent prevalence studies have suggested that 15–22% of women have been raped at some point in their lives, many by close acquaintances, although few victims seek assistance services or professional psychotherapy immediately post-assault. Surveys have revealed that 31–48% of rape victims eventually sought professional psychotherapy, often years after the actual assault. These observations suggest that the primary role of clinicians in the treatment of rape victims is the identification and handling of chronic, post-traumatic responses to a nonrecent experience. However, it is concluded that most of the existing literature on rape treatment addresses only the target symptoms that represent the immediate response to rape. In this article, contemporary theoretical and empirical discussions of stress, cognitive appraisal, cognitive adaptation, and coping are used to conceptualize the long-term impact of rape and the process of resolution. Directions for future research on the clinical treatment of rape are suggested.

Articular Cartilage Repair in the Knee: Postoperative Imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 002-010
Author(s):  
Brian W. Yang ◽  
Christopher M. Brusalis ◽  
Peter D. Fabricant ◽  
Harry G. Greditzer
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Cartilage Repair ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Postoperative Imaging ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractDiagnostic and therapeutic advancements have improved clinical outcomes for patients with focal chondral injuries of the knee. An increased number and complexity of surgical treatment options have, in turn, resulted in a commensurate proliferation of patients requiring postoperative evaluation and management. In addition to patient-reported clinical outcomes, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers clinicians with noninvasive, objective data to assist with postoperative clinical decision making. However, successful MRI interpretation in this setting is clinically challenging; it relies upon an understanding of the evolving and procedure-specific nature of normal postoperative imaging. Moreover, further research is required to better elucidate the correlation between MRI findings and long-term clinical outcomes. This article focuses on how specific morphologic features identified on MRI can be utilized to evaluate patients following the most commonly performed cartilage repair surgeries of the knee.

scholarly journals The Role of Advanced Imaging in Gout Management

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangshuang Li ◽  
Guanhua Xu ◽  
Junyu Liang ◽  
Liyan Wan ◽  
Heng Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Advanced Imaging ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Urate Crystals

Gout is a common form of inflammatory arthritis where urate crystals deposit in joints and surrounding tissues. With the high prevalence of gout, the standardized and effective treatment of gout is very important, but the long-term treatment effect of gout is not satisfied because of the poor adherence in patients to the medicines. Recently, advanced imaging modalities, including ultrasonography (US), dual-energy computed tomography (DECT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), attracted more and more attention for their role on gout as intuitive and non-invasive tools for early gout diagnosis and evaluation of therapeutic effect. This review summarized the role of US, DECT, and MRI in the management of gout from four perspectives: hyperuricemia, gout attacks, chronic gout, and gout complications described the scoring systems currently used to quantify disease severity and discussed the challenges and limitations of using these imaging tools to assess response to the gout treatment.

Long-term course and morphological MRI correlates of cognitive function in multiple sclerosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 135245852094147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Pinter ◽  
Michael Khalil ◽  
Lukas Pirpamer ◽  
Anna Damulina ◽  
Alexander Pichler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background: Cognitive impairment frequently occurs in patients with MS (pwMS). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers could help to identify patients at risk for decline. Objective: To characterize the long-term course and morphological MRI correlates of cognitive function in pwMS. Methods: We invited 116 pwMS who had undergone clinical, cognitive, and MRI evaluations between 2006 and 2012 (baseline, BL) to attend follow-up (FU) testing between 2016 and 2018. Disability (expanded disability status scale (EDSS)), cognition (brief repeatable battery of neuropsychological test (BRB-N)), global and regional T2-lesion load (T2-LL), brain volumes, and cortical thickness were assessed. Results: Sixty-three pwMS were willing to attend the FU (54%; median EDSS = 2, interquartile range (IQR) = 2) and did not differ from non-participating pwMS regarding BL characteristics. At BL, half of the participants showed cognitive deficits in at least one domain. Across the entire group, we observed no relevant changes in physical disability and cognition over 10 years. BL thalamic volume best predicted cognitive function at FU, in addition to age and BL cognition, explaining 67% of variance. Cognitive decliners (23.8%) were older, had longer disease duration, and a tendency for lower thalamic volume at BL. Conclusion: Thalamic volume predicted FU cognitive function and distinguished declining from stable pwMS, underlining the potential of MRI to define risk groups.

SUNCT/SUNA and neurovascular compression: New cases and critical literature review

Cephalalgia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (16) ◽  
pp. 1337-1348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Favoni ◽  
Daniela Grimaldi ◽  
Giulia Pierangeli ◽  
Pietro Cortelli ◽  
Sabina Cevoli
Keyword(s):  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Primary Headache ◽  
Neurovascular Compression ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Cranial Autonomic Symptoms ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Critical Literature

Background Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT) and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache with cranial autonomic symptoms (SUNA) are primary headache syndromes. A growing body of literature has focused on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence of neurovascular compression in these syndromes. Objective The objective of this article is to assess whether SUNCT is a subset of SUNA or whether the two are separate syndromes and clarify the role of neurovascular compression. Method We describe three new SUNCT cases with MRI findings of neurovascular compression and critically review published SUNCT/SUNA cases. Results We identified 222 published SUNCT/SUNA cases. Our three patients with neurovascular compression added to the 34 cases previously described (16.9%). SUNCT and SUNA share the same clinical features and therapeutic options. At present, there is no available abortive treatment for attacks. Lamotrigine was effective in 64% of patients; topiramate and gabapentin in about one-third of cases. Of the 34 cases with neurovascular compression, seven responded to drug therapies, 16 patients underwent microvascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve (MVD) with effectiveness in 75%. Conclusions We suggest that SUNCT and SUNA should be considered clinical phenotypes of the same syndrome. Brain MRI should always be performed with a dedicated view to exclude neurovascular compression. The high percentage of remission after MVD supports the pathogenetic role of neurovascular compression.

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