Recurrent erosion of COA1/MITRAC15 exemplifies conditional gene dispensability in oxidative phosphorylation

AbstractSkeletal muscle fibers rely upon either oxidative phosphorylation or the glycolytic pathway with much less reliance on oxidative phosphorylation to achieve muscular contractions that power mechanical movements. Species with energy-intensive adaptive traits that require sudden bursts of energy have a greater dependency on glycolytic fibers. Glycolytic fibers have decreased reliance on OXPHOS and lower mitochondrial content compared to oxidative fibers. Hence, we hypothesized that gene loss might have occurred within the OXPHOS pathway in lineages that largely depend on glycolytic fibers. The protein encoded by the COA1/MITRAC15 gene with conserved orthologs found in budding yeast to humans promotes mitochondrial translation. We show that gene disrupting mutations have accumulated within the COA1 gene in the cheetah, several species of galliform birds, and rodents. The genomic region containing COA1 is a well-established evolutionary breakpoint region in mammals. Careful inspection of genome assemblies of closely related species of rodents and marsupials suggests two independent COA1 gene loss events co-occurring with chromosomal rearrangements. Besides recurrent gene loss events, we document changes in COA1 exon structure in primates and felids. The detailed evolutionary history presented in this study reveals the intricate link between skeletal muscle fiber composition and the occasional dispensability of the chaperone-like role of the COA1 gene.

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Recurrent erosion of COA1/MITRAC15 demonstrates gene dispensability in oxidative phosphorylation

10.1101/2021.06.09.447812 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sagar Sharad Shinde ◽

Sandhya Sharma ◽

Lokdeep Teekas ◽

Ashutosh Sharma ◽

Nagarjun Vijay

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽

Gene Loss ◽

Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽

Genomic Region ◽

Glycolytic Pathway ◽

Mitochondrial Translation ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Genome Assemblies

Skeletal muscle fibers rely upon either oxidative phosphorylation or glycolytic pathway to achieve muscular contractions that power mechanical movements. Species with energy-intensive adaptive traits that require sudden bursts of energy have a greater dependency on fibers that use the glycolytic pathway. Glycolytic fibers have decreased reliance on OXPHOS and lower mitochondrial content compared to oxidative fibers. Hence, we hypothesized that adaptive gene loss might have occurred within the OXPHOS pathway in lineages that largely depend on glycolytic fibers. The protein encoded by the COA1/MITRAC15 gene with conserved orthologs found in budding yeast to humans promotes mitochondrial translation. We show that gene disrupting mutations have accumulated within the COA1/MITRAC15 gene in the cheetah, several species of galliforms, and rodents. The genomic region containing COA1/MITRAC15 is a well-established evolutionary breakpoint region in mammals. Careful inspection of genome assemblies of closely related species of rodents and marsupials suggests two independent COA1/MITRAC15 gene loss events co-occurring with chromosomal rearrangements. Besides recurrent gene loss events, we document changes in COA1/MITRAC15 exon structure in primates and felids. The detailed evolutionary history presented in this study reveals the intricate link between skeletal muscle fiber composition and dispensability of the chaperone-like role of the COA1/MITRAC15 gene.

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Limited intrinsic postzygotic reproductive isolation despite chromosomal rearrangements between closely related sympatric species of small ermine moths (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae)

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society ◽

10.1093/biolinnean/blz090 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 128 (1) ◽

pp. 44-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Katerina H Hora ◽

František Marec ◽

Peter Roessingh ◽

Steph B J Menken

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Isolation ◽

Parental Species ◽

Meiotic Chromosome ◽

Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽

Sympatric Species ◽

Hybrid Fitness ◽

New Host ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Postzygotic Reproductive Isolation

Abstract In evolutionarily young species and sympatric host races of phytophagous insects, postzygotic incompatibility is often not yet fully developed, but reduced fitness of hybrids is thought to facilitate further divergence. However, empirical evidence supporting this hypothesis is limited. To assess the role of reduced hybrid fitness, we studied meiosis and fertility in hybrids of two closely related small ermine moths, Yponomeuta padella and Yponomeuta cagnagella, and determined the extent of intrinsic postzygotic reproductive isolation. We found extensive rearrangements between the karyotypes of the two species and irregularities in meiotic chromosome pairing in their hybrids. The fertility of reciprocal F1 and, surprisingly, also of backcrosses with both parental species was not significantly decreased compared with intraspecific offspring. The results indicate that intrinsic postzygotic reproductive isolation between these closely related species is limited. We conclude that the observed chromosomal rearrangements are probably not the result of an accumulation of postzygotic incompatibilities preventing hybridization. Alternative explanations, such as adaptation to new host plants, are discussed.

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Age-associated deficit of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in skeletal muscle: Role of carnitine and lipoic acid

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry ◽

10.1007/s11010-005-8234-z ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 280 (1-2) ◽

pp. 83-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

S. Kumaran ◽

Kavin S. Panneerselvam ◽

S. Shila ◽

K. Sivarajan ◽

C. Panneerselvam

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽

Lipoic Acid ◽

Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation

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Repeated translocation of a supergene underlying rapid sex chromosome turnover in Takifugu fish

10.1101/2021.11.16.468883 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ahammad Kabir ◽

Risa Ieda ◽

Sho Hosoya ◽

Daigaku Fujikawa ◽

Kazufumi Atsumi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Chromosomes ◽

Sex Chromosome ◽

Male Fitness ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Determination System ◽

Strong Candidate ◽

Sex Determination System ◽

Male Specific ◽

Genome Assemblies

Recent studies have revealed a surprising diversity of sex chromosomes in vertebrates. However, the detailed mechanism of their turnover is still elusive. To understand this process, it is necessary to compare closely related species in terms of sex-determining genes and the chromosomes harboring them. Here, we explored the genus Takifugu, in which one strong candidate sex-determining gene, Amhr2, has been identified. To trace the processes involved in transitions in the sex determination system in this genus, we studied 12 species and found that while the Amhr2 locus likely determines sex in the majority of Takifugu species, three species have acquired sex-determining loci at different chromosomal locations. Nevertheless, the generation of genome assemblies for the three species revealed that they share a portion of the male-specific supergene that contains a candidate sex-determining gene, GsdfY, along with genes that potentially play a role in male fitness. The shared supergene span approximately 100 kb and are flanked by two duplicated regions characterized by CACTA transposable elements. These results suggest that the shared supergene has taken over the role of sex-determining locus from Amhr2 in lineages leading to the three species, and repeated translocations of the supergene underlie the turnover of sex chromosomes in these lineages. These findings highlight the underestimated role of a mobile supergene in the turnover of sex chromosomes in vertebrates.

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FOXO1 activates glutamine synthetase gene in mouse skeletal muscles through a region downstream of 3′-UTR: possible contribution to ammonia detoxification

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00177.2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 307 (6) ◽

pp. E485-E493 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Yasutomi Kamei ◽

Maki Hattori ◽

Yukino Hatazawa ◽

Tomomi Kasahara ◽

Masanobu Kanou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Glutamine Synthetase ◽

Amino Acid Metabolism ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

Consensus Sequence ◽

Genomic Region ◽

Wild Type ◽

Mrna And Protein Expression

Skeletal muscle is a reservoir of energy in the form of protein, which is degraded under catabolic conditions, resulting in the formation of amino acids and ammonia as a byproduct. The expression of FOXO1, a forkhead-type transcription factor, increases during starvation and exercise. In agreement, transgenic FOXO1-Tg mice that overexpress FOXO1 in skeletal muscle exhibit muscle atrophy. The aim of this study was to examine the role of FOXO1 in amino acid metabolism. The mRNA and protein expressions of glutamine synthetase (GS) were increased in skeletal muscle of FOXO1-Tg mice. Fasting induced FOXO1 and GS expression in wild-type mice but hardly increased GS expression in muscle-specific FOXO1 knockout (FOXO1-KO) mice. Activation of FOXO1 also increased GS mRNA and protein expression in C2C12 myoblasts. Using a transient transfection reporter assay, we observed that FOXO1 activated the GS reporter construct. Mutation of a putative FOXO1-binding consensus sequence in the downstream genomic region of GS decreased basal and FOXO1-dependent reporter activity significantly. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that FOXO1 was recruited to the 3′ region of GS in C2C12 myoblasts. These results suggest that FOXO1 directly upregulates GS expression. GS is considered to mediate ammonia clearance in skeletal muscle. In agreement, an intravenous ammonia challenge increased blood ammonia concentrations to a twofold higher level in FOXO1-KO than in wild-type mice, demonstrating that the capacity for ammonia disposal correlated inversely with the expression of GS in muscle. These data indicate that FOXO1 plays a role in amino acid metabolism during protein degradation in skeletal muscle.

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