scholarly journals RNAseq shows an all-pervasive day-night rhythm in the transcriptome of the pacemaker of the heart

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanwen Wang ◽  
Cali Anderson ◽  
Halina Dobrzynski ◽  
George Hart ◽  
Alicia D’Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Sick Sinus Syndrome ◽  
Sinus Node ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Ion Channel Regulation ◽  
Channel Regulation ◽  
Physiological Systems

AbstractPhysiological systems vary in a day-night manner anticipating increased demand at a particular time. Heart is no exception. Cardiac output is primarily determined by heart rate and unsurprisingly this varies in a day-night manner and is higher during the day in the human (anticipating increased day-time demand). Although this is attributed to a day-night rhythm in post-translational ion channel regulation in the heart’s pacemaker, the sinus node, by the autonomic nervous system, we investigated whether there is a day-night rhythm in transcription. RNAseq revealed that ~ 44% of the sinus node transcriptome (7134 of 16,387 transcripts) has a significant day-night rhythm. The data revealed the oscillating components of an intrinsic circadian clock. Presumably this clock (or perhaps the master circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus) is responsible for the rhythm observed in the transcriptional machinery, which in turn is responsible for the rhythm observed in the transcriptome. For example, there is a rhythm in transcripts responsible for the two principal pacemaker mechanisms (membrane and Ca2+ clocks), transcripts responsible for receptors and signalling pathways known to control pacemaking, transcripts from genes identified by GWAS as determinants of resting heart rate, and transcripts from genes responsible for familial and acquired sick sinus syndrome.

Autonomic nervous system tests depend on resting heart rate and blood pressure

1991 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.Gert van Dijk ◽  
Monique Koenderink ◽  
Aeilko H. Zwinderman ◽  
Joost Haan ◽  
Cor G.S. Kramer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Autonomic Nervous

scholarly journals Heart Rate Variability of Children with Mitral Valve Prolapse in Orthostatic Test

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-299
Author(s):  
T. M. Krainyk ◽  
◽  
S. H. Starodubtsev ◽  
O. V. Petrenko ◽  
O. V. Dovgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Mitral Valve Prolapse ◽  
Sinus Node ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Orthostatic Test ◽  
Very Low Frequency ◽  
Mode Amplitude

The purpose of the research was to study the state of autonomic regulation in prepubertal children with mitral valve prolapse during an orthostatic test Materials and methods. The study involved 2 groups: the main – 26 children aged 10-11 years with mitral valve prolapse, and a control group – 22 relatively healthy children. The adaptive mechanisms were monitored by analyzing heart rate variability. All children participated in a cardiorhythmic examination at rest lying down and during an active orthostatic test. Results and discussion. Among the indicators that had significant differences, the indicators of regulatory process adequacy index and mode amplitude should be noted. In the group of children with mitral valve prolapse, an increase of the regulatory process adequacy index indicated the predominance of the functioning of the sinus node over the activity of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. An increase in the adequacy index and mode amplitude indicates the connection of the central structures of rhythm control (subcortical rhythms) during a change in body position. Stress index also increased. This index of tension of regulatory systems shows the activity of the mechanisms of sympathetic regulation, the state of central regulation. Children in the control group had a well-coordinated response of the sympathetic nervous system to the orthostatic test: the low frequency spectrum and very low frequency indicators increased. While in main group, the value of low frequency spectrum (the work of the sinus node) increased, the value of very low frequency (the reaction of the central structures of the nervous system) decreased. This indicates dysfunction of the most important reactions, which also affects the daily activities of children, increases the risk of mitral valve prolapse complications. Conclusion. In children with mitral valve prolapse, the absence of a pronounced typical reaction to an ortho test is a reflection of an adaptive-regulatory overstrain in conditions of morphological determinacy of connective tissue dysplasia, which are trying to ensure the adequacy of intracardiac hemodynamics. The data obtained will be useful for predicting the reaction of the body of children with mitral valve prolapse to physical activity of varying intensity

Exhaled Methane is Associated with a Lower Heart Rate

Cardiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Takakura ◽  
Christine Chang ◽  
Mark Pimentel ◽  
Gina Mo ◽  
John Torosyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Over Time

Background: In humans, methane (CH4) is exclusively produced by the intestinal microbiota and has been implicated in several conditions including cardiovascular disease. After microbial production of CH4 in the gut, it steadily crosses into the systemic circulation and reaches the lungs where it can be detected in the exhaled breath, as a surrogate measure for intestinal CH4 production. Recent reports have shown an association between CH4 and vagal dysfunction as well as the inhibition of CH4 activity on ileal contractions with atropine, suggesting its action on the parasympathetic nervous system. Given these findings we hypothesized that CH4 may be affecting resting heart rate based on the potential effect of CH4 on the vagus nerve. Objectives: Given its possible role in the parasympathetic nervous system, we aimed to study the relationship between breath CH4 and resting heart rate (HR) in humans. Additionally, we performed a longitudinal study analyzing the change in HR and its association to breath CH4 over time. Methods: First, we reviewed 1,126 subjects and compared HR in subjects with detectable and undetectable breath CH4. Second, we performed a post-hoc analysis of a randomized control trial to compare the change in HR for those who had an increase in breath CH4 vs those that had a decrease in breath CH4 over 14 weeks. Lastly, we assessed whether a larger decrease in CH4 is associated with a larger increase in HR over time. Results: In the retrospective cohort, subjects with detectable CH4 had a lower HR compared to those with undetectable CH4 (73.0±0.83 vs 76.0±0.44 beats/min; p=0.01). In the post-hoc analysis, a decrease in CH4 over time was associated with an increase in heart rate (median ∆ = 6.5 ± 8.32 beats/min, p=0.0006). Lastly, we demonstrated a biological gradient whereby a larger drop in CH4 is associated with a greater increase in heart rate (R= -0.31, p=0.03). Conclusion: Our findings suggest a potential role for the microbiome (and specifically CH4 from methanogens) to regulate heart rate. Considering these findings, mechanistic studies are warranted to further investigate this potential novel microbiome-neurocardiac axis.

Psychophysiological Models of Stress

2019 ◽  
pp. 486-518
Author(s):  
Ellen Zakreski ◽  
Jens C. Pruessner
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Physiological Systems ◽  
Significant Factors

Psychophysiological models have a long history within stress research of trying to explain the link between stress exposure and psychological and physiological disease. The current chapter tries to offer complementary perspectives on this issue. First, it covers the relevant physiological systems (sympathetic, parasympathetic, enteric nervous system) and their markers (heart rate, heart rate variability, blood pressure), such that the reader receives an overview of the significant factors at play. Second, it provides an overview of the various forms of stress (acute, chronic, and stress during early life periods) that are believed to put the individual at heightened risk to develop stress-related disease. Finally, it presents the theories and models that have emerged over the years that try to explain how the various forms of stress can eventually lead to psychological and physical disease. The chapter ends with a short outlook on some recent work emphasizing the interaction between the various systems at play, and how that by itself can play a role in the origin of stress-related disease.

scholarly journals A circadian clock in the sinus node mediates day-night rhythms in Hcn4 and heart rate

Heart Rhythm ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia D’Souza ◽  
Yanwen Wang ◽  
Cali Anderson ◽  
Annalisa Bucchi ◽  
Mirko Barsucotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Sinus Node

scholarly journals Functional capabilities of the heart rate depending on the characteristics of homeostasis among primary-school-age children

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
T.B. Ihnatova ◽  
◽  
I.S. Maidan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Sinus Rhythm ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Sinus Bradycardia ◽  
Sinus Node ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
School Age ◽  
Primary School Age

One of the most common diseases of the cardiovascular system is cardiac arrhythmias. Assessment of the heart rate is one of the obligatory methods of pediatric examination and its deviation from the age norm may indicate a change in the child's health and be one of the first manifestations of the disease. Heart rhythm disturbances accompany various diseases, namely: congenital heart defects, cardiomyopathies, rheumatic and infectious diseases, intoxication, vegetative crises, endocrine diseases, diseases of the nervous system and others. Most often, in children's practice, it is not always possible to establish the cause of heart rhythm disturbances, as well as to classify the presence of organic or functional disorders without conducting morphological studies. Purpose — to study the features of heart rhythm and the state of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) among the children of primary school age with sinus bradycardia. Materials and methods. Children of primary school age with sinus bradycardia were examined (210 children). All children underwent: clinical examination, ECG at rest and after exercise, daily monitoring of ECG and heart rate, echocardiography, cardiointervalography with spectral analysis of heart rate. Results. Assessment of the cardiovascular system among children with bradycardia revealed the following features: 80.0% of children had no complaints, 68.0% of children at the age of 6–7 years and 55.0% of children at the age of 8–10 years had moderate bradycardia, 32.0% of children at the age of 6–7 years and 45.0% of children at the age of 8–10 years had significant bradycardia. After the exercise test, 71.0% of children still had bradycardia, which is typical for children at the age of 9–10 years and 29.0% of children had an acceleration of heart rate above the age norm. Holter monitoring revealed the following cardiac arrhythmias: sinus rhythm driver migration, ectopic rhythm, sinoatrial block, 2 grade atrioventricular block, atrial extrasystole and ventricular extrasystole. Different duration of sinoatrial pauses was detected: in the range from 1300–1400 ms among the most children (78.0%) to 1700–1800 ms among 1.8% of children. Data from spectral analysis of sinus rhythm showed the predominance of parasympathetic nervous system tone among the 84.0% of children, asympathicotonic (40.5%) and normal (44.9%) autonomic reactivity. Conclusions. Examination of the children of the primary school age revealed sinus bradycardia and bradyarrhythmia among the 80.7% of children. Bradyarrhythmia is typical for children at the age of 6–7 years, bradycardia — for children at the age of 9–10 years. Spectral analysis of the ANS showed an imbalance in the regulation of sinus rhythm: the predominance of the parasympathetic link, regardless of the initial state of the ANS and the violation of adaptive mechanisms. According to Holter monitoring, the duration of pauses is longer than normal for the given age (more than 1300 ms) indicates sinus node dysfunction and requires closer monitoring due to the risk of developing sinus node weakness syndrome and other threatening conditions in later life. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local ethics committee of all participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: children, bradycardia, bradyarrhythmia, vegetative homeostasis.

scholarly journals Autonomic Influence on Heart Rate for Deep Breathing and Valsalva Maneuver in Healthy Subjects

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (211) ◽  
pp. 670-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reena Kumari Jha ◽  
Amrita Acharya ◽  
Ojashwi Nepal
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Heart Rate Response ◽  
Valsalva Maneuver ◽  
Deep Breathing ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Deep Breathing Test

Introduction: The Autonomic nervous system is responsible for regulation and integration of visceral functions. Disturbance of autonomic nervous system play crucial role in pathogenesis and clinical course of many diseases. In the present study deep breathing test and valsalva maneuver have been described to monitor parasympathetic function genderwise. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 subjects, aged 18-25 years, from May to November 2017, in exercise physiology laboratory, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Chaukot, Kavre. Electrocardiograph recorded by AD instrument was used to calculate the resting heart rate and the heart rate response to deep breathing test and valsalva maneuver. Results: Heart rate response to deep breathing test (31.69±14.79 Vs. 36.08±18.65, P=0.195) and valsalva ratio (1.59±0.39 Vs. 1.69±0.54, P=0.314) tend to be higher in female than male subjects but not significant. The resting heart rate of females was significantly higher than that of males (84.37 ± 11.08 Vs. 78.43 ± 12.06, P<0.05). Heart rate was significantly increased during and decreased after valsalva maneuver in both male and female subjects. Conclusions: This study concludes that both deep breathing test and valsalva maneuver activates parasympathetic system inhealthy subjects. And also dominant parasympathetic activity was found in female comparison to male subjects.

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