scholarly journals Indirect modulation of human visual memory

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stas Kozak ◽  
Noa Herz ◽  
Yair Bar-Haim ◽  
Nitzan Censor
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Visual Context ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Memory Strength ◽  
Shared Resources ◽  
Word Memory ◽  
Picture Memory ◽  
Memory Modulation ◽  
Context Memory

AbstractConditions in which memories become maladaptive have inspired extensive research geared to modulate memory by targeting it directly and explicitly. Given limitations of direct memory modulation, we asked the following: can the target memories be modulated indirectly? To address this question, we uniquely targeted visual memories, and leveraged a paradigm utilizing instructions to either forget or remember newly encoded memories. We used a multi-domain approach, and applied the instructions to embedded verbal information presented during encoding (words), with the intention to indirectly modulate recognition of the target visual context memory itself (pictures). Accordingly, participants were presented with two lists of words, where each word was preceded and followed by pictures. Participants were instructed to either remember or forget the first list of words. As expected, the instruction to either remember or forget the words differentially influenced word memory strength. Importantly, the instruction regarding the words, indirectly modulated picture memory strength. Better memory for words resulted in reduced picture memory strength and vice versa, with the instruction to remember the words reducing picture memory strength. Together with a negative correlation between word and picture memory strength, the results suggest a competition for shared resources between memory for content and context. These findings may open new avenues to indirectly modulate maladaptive memories.

Semantic integration of verbal information into a visual memory.

1978 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth F. Loftus ◽  
David G. Miller ◽  
Helen J. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Visual Memory ◽  
Semantic Integration ◽  
Verbal Information

scholarly journals A-20 Do Children With LD and/or ADHD Differ at Baseline on a Pediatric Measure Used to Assess Concussion?

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 616-616
Author(s):  
S Friedman ◽  
R S Moser ◽  
P Schatz
Keyword(s):  
Visual Memory ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Symptom Reporting ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Word Memory ◽  
Sequential Memory ◽  
Neurocognitive Measures ◽  
Rapid Processing ◽  
Memory Word

Abstract Objective To examine differences at baseline between children with ADHD and/or LD vs. children with neither ADHD/LD on 1) neurocognitive scores and 2) child- and parent-reported concussion symptoms. Method Retrospective data was obtained for 1856 children ages 5–11 who were assessed at baseline using ImPACT Pediatric. Groups were determined based on parent-reported diagnosis of their child at baseline (ADHD and/or LD vs. neither ADHD/LD), and groups were compared on the four factor scores: Sequential Memory, Word Memory, Visual Memory, and Rapid Processing and on child- and parent-reported concussion symptoms using a series of ANOVAs. Results ANOVAs revealed that children with ADHD and/or LD performed significantly worse than children without ADHD/LD on Sequential Memory (F(1,1845) = 69.86, p < .001)) and Word Memory (F(1,1853) = 10.36, p = .001)). In contrast, children with ADHD and/or LD performed significantly better on the neurocognitive measures of Visual Memory [(F(1,1845) = 4.94, p = .026)] and Rapid Processing [(F(1,1853) = 20.35, p < .001). Symptom reporting was significantly greater in the ADHD and/or LD group for both child (F(1,1853) = 30.21, p < .001) and parent (F(1,1853) = 34.64, p < .001) reported symptoms. Conclusions The current study demonstrated differences at baseline in children on neurocognitive performance and concussion symptom reporting based on diagnostic group. Analysis of symptom reporting suggested that children with pre-existing diagnoses of ADHD and/or LD and their parents may report concussion-like symptoms at baseline, prior to ever experiencing a concussion. This finding has clinical implications for interpretation of post-concussion symptoms without a baseline comparison in children with pre-existing diagnoses such as ADHD and/or LD.

Destruction of a Visual Memory by Verbal Information

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth F. Loftus ◽  
Philip M. Salzberg ◽  
Helen J. Burns ◽  
Russell K. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Visual Memory ◽  
Verbal Information

scholarly journals Testing Hypotheses About Binding in Context Memory With a Hierarchical Multinomial Modeling Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina R. Arnold ◽  
Daniel W. Heck ◽  
Arndt Bröder ◽  
Thorsten Meiser ◽  
C. Dennis Boywitt
Keyword(s):  
Source Memory ◽  
Feature Binding ◽  
Multinomial Model ◽  
Memory Strength ◽  
Interindividual Differences ◽  
Multinomial Modeling ◽  
Decisive Evidence ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Rule Out ◽  
Context Memory

Abstract. In experiments on multidimensional source memory, a stochastic dependency of source memory for different facets of an episode has been repeatedly demonstrated. This may suggest an integrated representation leading to mutual cuing in context retrieval. However, experiments involving a manipulated reinstatement of one source feature have often failed to affect retrieval of the other feature, suggesting unbound features or rather item-feature binding. The stochastic dependency found in former studies might be a spurious correlation due to aggregation across participants varying in memory strength. We test this artifact explanation by applying a hierarchical multinomial model. Observing stochastic dependency when accounting for interindividual differences would rule out the artifact explanation. A second goal is to elucidate the nature of feature binding: Contrasting encoding conditions with integrated feature judgments versus separate feature judgments are expected to induce different levels of stochastic dependency despite comparable overall source memory if integrated representations include feature-feature binding. The experiment replicated the finding of stochastic dependency and, thus, ruled out an artifact interpretation. However, we did not find different levels of stochastic dependency between conditions. Therefore, the current findings do not reveal decisive evidence to distinguish between the feature-feature binding and the item-context binding account.

Visual Memory, Verbal Schemas, and Film Comprehension

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. Cowen
Keyword(s):  
Visual Memory ◽  
Silent Film ◽  
Visual Media ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Story Comprehension ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Visual Ability ◽  
Film Study ◽  
Film Comprehension ◽  
Visualization Ability

An ambiguous silent film was viewed either by itself or with an improbable but plausible verbal synopsis presented either before or after the film. In general, the verbal synopsis significantly influenced inferences made one hour later, but there was an interaction between visualization ability and the order in which the synopsis and film were presented. Visualization ability significantly decreased biased inferences when the film was seen first, but significantly increased this bias when the synopsis preceded the film. Greater synopsis influence was also associated with greater comprehensibility of the film. Visualization ability significantly affected recognition of “hits” while presenting the synopsis after the film increased the rate of false alarms. Results suggest that individual differences in visual ability and conflict between visual and verbal information should be considered when generalizing about encoding, retrieval, and story comprehension using visual media. Implications for media influences, film study and the use of film/video in other settings are also discussed.

scholarly journals Anticipation in Real-World Scenes: The Role of Visual Context and Visual Memory

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1995-2024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moreno I. Coco ◽  
Frank Keller ◽  
George L. Malcolm
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Visual Context

scholarly journals Prefrontal Activity and Diagnostic Monitoring of Memory Retrieval: fMRI of the Criterial Recollection Task

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Gallo ◽  
Elizabeth A. Kensinger ◽  
Daniel L. Schacter
Keyword(s):  
False Recognition ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Word Test ◽  
Word Memory ◽  
Picture Memory ◽  
Colored Picture ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Distinctiveness Heuristic

According to the distinctiveness heuristic, subjects rely more on detailed recollections (and less on familiarity) when memory is tested for pictures relative to words, leading to reduced false recognition. If so, then neural regions that have been implicated in effortful postretrieval monitoring (e.g., dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) might be recruited less heavily when trying to remember pictures. We tested this prediction with the criterial recollection task. Subjects studied black words, paired with either the same word in red font or a corresponding colored picture. Red words were repeated at study to equate recognition hits for red words and pictures. During fMRI scanning, alternating red word memory tests and picture memory tests were given, using only white words as test stimuli (say “yes” only if you recollect a corresponding red word or picture, respectively). These tests were designed so that subjects had to rely on memory for the criterial information. Replicating prior behavioral work, we found enhanced rejection of lures on the picture test compared to the red word test, indicating that subjects had used a distinctiveness heuristic. Critically, dorsolateral prefrontal activity was reduced when rejecting familiar lures on the picture test, relative to the red word test. These findings indicate that reducing false recognition via the distinctiveness heuristic is not heavily dependent on frontally mediated postretrieval monitoring processes.

Picture Memory: Role of Figure-Ground Organization

1975 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 753-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
John O. Mitterer ◽  
Guy L. Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Visual Memory ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Paired Stimulus ◽  
Picture Memory ◽  
Ground Organization

Alterations to the figure of pictures committed to visual memory are more easily detected than alterations to the ground, both in single and paired stimulus tests. Data for 40 scenes from 54 undergraduates suggest that perceptual processes interact with information storage and/or retrieval.

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