Picture Memory: Role of Figure-Ground Organization

Alterations to the figure of pictures committed to visual memory are more easily detected than alterations to the ground, both in single and paired stimulus tests. Data for 40 scenes from 54 undergraduates suggest that perceptual processes interact with information storage and/or retrieval.

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Komunistki

The Oxford Handbook of Communist Visual Cultures ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190885533.013.30 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 671-692

Author(s):

Aga Skrodzka

Keyword(s):

Public Space ◽

Visual Memory ◽

Women's Movement ◽

Women’S Rights ◽

The Public ◽

The Status ◽

The Commons ◽

Communist Past ◽

Status Of Women

This article argues for the importance of preserving the visual memory of female communist agency in today’s Poland, at the time when the nation’s relationship to its communist past is being forcefully rearticulated with the help of the controversial Decommunization Act, which affects the public space of the commons. The wholesale criminalization of communism by the ruling conservative forces spurred a wave of historical and symbolic revisions that undermine the legacy of the communist women’s movement, contributing to the continued erosion of women’s rights in Poland. By looking at recent cinema and its treatment of female communists as well as the newly published accounts of the communist women’s movement provided by feminist historians and sociologists, the project sheds light on current cultural debates that address the status of women in postcommunist Poland and the role of leftist legacy in such debates.

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Information Storage Technology: The Role of the TEM

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927606068358 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 12 (S02) ◽

pp. 76-77

Author(s):

R Sinclair ◽

J Risner ◽

U Kwon

Keyword(s):

Information Storage ◽

Storage Technology

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005

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The modernization of information services in the People's Republic of China

Journal of Information Science ◽

10.1177/016555158100300503 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 227-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

K.P. Broadbent

Keyword(s):

National Development ◽

Information Storage And Retrieval ◽

Information Services ◽

Written Language ◽

Information Storage ◽

Republic Of China ◽

Storage And Retrieval ◽

Modern Information ◽

Role Of Information

China has suffered from over a decade of turmoil which has prevented the development of modern information ser vices. Present policy stresses the role of information storage and retrieval in national development. Apart from technical and political constraints, China faces a serious handicap with its unique written language, where the 5000 plus characters needed to express scientific and technical concepts are too large to be handled cost-effectively by present computers. This report outlines ways in which China is currently attempt ing to meet these problems and provide for modern informa tion services by the end of the decade.

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The Role of GIS in City Competitiveness

Geographic Information Systems ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-2038-4.ch089 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 1476-1501 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Khan R. Rahaman ◽

Júlia M. Lourenço

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Information System ◽

Spatial Data ◽

Information Access ◽

Information Storage ◽

Future Research ◽

Gis Technology ◽

Global Competitiveness ◽

The World

Virtually every city and region is engaged in activities to improve their relative global competitiveness. The Geographic Information System (GIS) is one of the powerful tools of information storage and information access, providing spatial data to different stakeholders and cities across the world. This chapter will highlight the role of GIS technology in empirical assessment of the competition among cities or regions, using a variety of data assembled by many different individuals, businesses, and institutions. This valuable information can be used in decision-making by stakeholders who are taking part in the competition and can be disseminated, accessed, and updated in a dynamic way. This chapter discusses the origins of urban competitiveness, dynamics and functions of competition, and current and future research possibilities made possible by GIS.

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A-49 Visual Memory Errors and Intelligence: The Role of Verbal Mediation

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/acz034.49 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 908-909

Author(s):

K Hakinson ◽

J Moses ◽

J RIvera ◽

A Guerra ◽

M Davis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Perceptual Organization ◽

Visual Memory ◽

Principal Component ◽

Component Analysis ◽

Spoken Language ◽

Verbal Mediation ◽

Memory Errors ◽

Shared Variance

Abstract Objective Examine the relationship of verbal mediation with visual memory errors and intelligence to understand the role of spoken language on other assessment measures. Method Assessment records were obtained from a Veteran Affairs clinic for veterans (n=100) with diverse neuropsychiatric conditions who completed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, third edition (WAIS-III), Multilingual Aphasia Examination (MAE), and Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT). A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to examine the interrelationship among these assessments. The components of spoken language, types of errors on the BVRT, and the four factors of the WAIS-III were factored using the PCA to identify common sources of variance. Results A principal component analysis revealed a six-factor model explaining 68.16% of the shared variance among the WAIS-III factors, MAE components, and BVRT Errors. Omission errors loaded with Processing Speed and Controlled Word Association. Distortions and size errors loaded with Perceptual Organization. Size errors also loaded with Verbal Comprehension and Visual Naming. Misplacements loaded with Working Memory and Sentence Repetition. Misplacements, perseverations, and omissions loaded with the Token Test (a measure associated with auditory comprehension). Rotation errors loaded with Perceptual Organization. Conclusions Results indicated significant shared variance between visual memory errors, spoken language, and intelligence factors. This suggests that spoken language is involved in the process of visual memory, and deficits in spoken language may result in increased errors on visual memory tasks. Therefore, treatment recommendations for visual memory difficulties should take into consideration verbal capabilities and intelligence factors to better individualize treatment.

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Characterization of Lobula Giant Neurons Responsive to Visual Stimuli That Elicit Escape Behaviors in the Crab Chasmagnathus

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.00803.2007 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 98 (4) ◽

pp. 2414-2428 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Violeta Medan ◽

Damián Oliva ◽

Daniel Tomsic

Keyword(s):

Visual Memory ◽

Visual Stimuli ◽

Visually Guided ◽

Wide Range ◽

Large Motion ◽

Escape Behaviors ◽

Neuronal Type

In the grapsid crab Chasmagnathus, a visual danger stimulus elicits a strong escape response that diminishes rapidly on stimulus repetition. This behavioral modification can persist for several days as a result of the formation of an associative memory. We have previously shown that a generic group of large motion-sensitive neurons from the lobula of the crab respond to visual stimuli and accurately reflect the escape performance. Additional evidence indicates that these neurons play a key role in visual memory and in the decision to initiate an escape. Although early studies recognized that the group of lobula giant (LG) neurons consisted of different classes of motion-sensitive cells, a distinction between these classes has been lacking. Here, we recorded in vivo the responses of individual LG neurons to a wide range of visual stimuli presented in different segments of the animal's visual field. Physiological characterizations were followed by intracellular dye injections, which permitted comparison of the functional and morphological features of each cell. All LG neurons consisted of large tangential arborizations in the lobula with axons projecting toward the midbrain. Functionally, these cells proved to be more sensitive to single objects than to flow field motion. Despite these commonalities, clear differences in morphology and physiology allowed us to identify four distinct classes of LG neurons. These results will permit analysis of the role of each neuronal type for visually guided behaviors and will allow us to address specific questions on the neuronal plasticity of LGs that underlie the well-recognized memory model of the crab.

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A Neural Model of Figure–Ground Organization

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.00203.2007 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 97 (6) ◽

pp. 4310-4326 ◽

Cited By ~ 147

Author(s):

Edward Craft ◽

Hartmut Schütze ◽

Ernst Niebur ◽

Rüdiger von der Heydt

Keyword(s):

Neural Circuits ◽

Neural Model ◽

Self Organization ◽

Lateral Interactions ◽

Early Visual Cortex ◽

Experimental Findings ◽

Psychophysical Studies ◽

Contour Grouping ◽

Ground Organization

Psychophysical studies suggest that figure–ground organization is a largely autonomous process that guides—and thus precedes—allocation of attention and object recognition. The discovery of border-ownership representation in single neurons of early visual cortex has confirmed this view. Recent theoretical studies have demonstrated that border-ownership assignment can be modeled as a process of self-organization by lateral interactions within V2 cortex. However, the mechanism proposed relies on propagation of signals through horizontal fibers, which would result in increasing delays of the border-ownership signal with increasing size of the visual stimulus, in contradiction with experimental findings. It also remains unclear how the resulting border-ownership representation would interact with attention mechanisms to guide further processing. Here we present a model of border-ownership coding based on dedicated neural circuits for contour grouping that produce border-ownership assignment and also provide handles for mechanisms of selective attention. The results are consistent with neurophysiological and psychophysical findings. The model makes predictions about the hypothetical grouping circuits and the role of feedback between cortical areas.

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