scholarly journals Testicular steroidogenesis is suppressed during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Milosevic ◽  
Ivana Bjelobaba ◽  
Iva D. Bozic ◽  
Irena Lavrnja ◽  
Danijela Savic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
Buserelin Acetate ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Testicular Steroidogenesis ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that usually occurs during the reproductive years in both sexes. Many male patients with MS show lower blood testosterone levels, which was also observed in male rats during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. To better understand the causes of decreased testosterone production during EAE, we investigated the expression status of genes and proteins associated with steroidogenesis in the testes. No changes in the number of interstitial cells were observed in EAE animals, but the expression of the insulin-like 3 gene was reduced at the peak of the disease, implying that the Leydig cell functional capacity was affected. Consistent with this finding, the expression of most steroidogenic enzyme genes and proteins was reduced during EAE, including StAR, CYP11A1, CYP17A1 and HSD3B. No signs of testicular inflammation were observed. Recovery of steroidogenesis was observed after injection of hCG, the placental gonadotropin, or buserelin acetate, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue, at the peak of EAE. Together, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that impaired testicular steroidogenesis originates upstream of the testes and that low serum LH is the main cause of decreased testosterone levels during EAE.

MDC/CCL22 intrathecal levels in patients with multiple sclerosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Galimberti ◽  
C. Fenoglio ◽  
C. Comi ◽  
D. Scalabrini ◽  
M. De Riz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Th2 Cells ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Disease Subtype ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Fluid Levels ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

MDC/CCL22 has been detected in the brain of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. MDC/CCL22 cerebrospinal fluid levels were evaluated in 56 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and in 17 controls. No significant differences were found, even when stratifying patients according to the disease subtype. Stratifying by gender, significantly increased MDC/CCL22 levels were observed in female patients when compared with female controls and male patients (109.03 versus 98.54 and 99.37 pg/mL, P = 0.034 and 0.018, respectively). Therefore, MDC/CCL22 is likely to play a role in the development of MS in females only, possibly influencing the intracerebral recruitment of Th2 cells, which produce anti-inflammatory cytokines. Multiple Sclerosis 2008; 14: 547—549. http://msj.sagepub.com

scholarly journals Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Modifies the Changes Induced in Non-Nervous Organs and Tissues by Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Models

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Conde ◽  
Begoña M. Escribano ◽  
Evelio Luque ◽  
Montserrat Feijóo ◽  
Javier Caballero-Villarraso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Dark Agouti ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

This study reveals the existence of oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species (ROS)) in non-nervous organs and tissues in multiple sclerosis (MS) by means of a model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rats. This model reproduces a similar situation to MS, as well as its relationship with intestinal microbiota starting from the changes in bacterial lipopolysaccharide levels (LPS) in the outer wall of the gram-negative bacteria. Finally, the administration of extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO), hydroxytirosol (HT), and oleic acid (OA) exert beneficial effects. Twenty-five Dark Agouti two-month-old male rats, weighing around 190 g, were distributed into the following groups: Control, EAE (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis group), EAE + EVOO, EAE + HT, and EAE + OA. The glutathione redox system with the EAE was measured in heart, kidney, liver, and small and large intestines. The LPS and the correlation with oxidative stress in the small and large intestines were also investigated. The results showed that (1) the oxidative damage in the EAE model affects non-nervous organs and tissues; (2) The LPS is related to inflammatory phenomena and oxidative stress in the intestinal tissue and in other organs; (3) The administration of EVOO, HT, and OA reduces the LPS levels at the same time as minimizing the oxidative damage; (4) EVOO, HT, and OA improve the disease’s clinical score; and (5) on balance, EVOO offers a better neuroprotective effect.

scholarly journals Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) course in prenatally stressed rat males, the offspring of mothers with different sensitivity to EAE

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 244-248
Author(s):  
S. V. Utevska
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Prenatal Stress ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Clinical Scores ◽  
Prenatally Stressed ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

Aim. The research is aimed at investigating the effect of prenatal stress on the incidence and course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as well as the level of sex hormones in 200-days-old male rats, offspring of females with different sensitivity to EAE induction. Methods. The incidence and severity of EAE including duration of latent period, duration of the period from the first to the maximum manifestation of motor disfunction, mean clinical scores, maximum level of motor disfunction (maximum clinical scores) were analyzed in rats with induced EAE. Serum testosterone, estradiol and progesterone levels were measure during Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results. The estradiol level of prenatally stressed males was significantly lower than in rats from the control group. Sensitive to EAE test male rats had lower testosterone levels than EAE resistant males, and the offspring of EAE sensitive mothers were more resistant to EAE induction than the offspring of EAE resistant mothers. Conclusions. Without significant changes in the course of EAE, the reduction in incidence depends on a combination of factors such as mother's sensitivity to EAE induction and prenatal stress. Keywords: experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), prenatal stress, sex hormones, sensitivity to EAE induction.

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